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[[File:Galley.jpg|thumb|Galiota Of Catalan style (small galley)]]
The '''Catalan navy''' - with Catalan ships, Catalan admirals and Catalan crew (not counting the rabble) - under the direct or indirect orders of the counts of Barcelona, represented a reality recognized by the entire Mediterranean from its origins to Fernando the Catholic. In later times ships built and manned on the Catalan coasts, under the authority of non-Catalan kings, for example the kings of Naples, carri(contracted; show full)uillem Sedacer, using as a fundent the soda obtained by burning the barrella (its ashes dissolved in water and [[Laundry|cast]] with a [[sieve]] have been the basis from the "laundry" to wash clothes from the Neolithic). The barrella grows on the Catalan coast from [[Orihuela]] to [[Montpellier]] and the Italian manuals for making Italian glass (La Sedacina and Arte Vetraria) say: "bisogna comprare la soda di Spagna".<ref name="CriscianiBagliani2003">{{Cite book|url=http
s://books.google.catom/books?id=EPPaAAAAMAAJ|title=Alchimia e medicina nel Medioevo: Il carmelitano Guglielmo Seda- cer, che si dedica con esaustività alla trattazione alchemica metallurgica e soprattutto valorizza il ruolo del vetro nel suo vasto manuale — la Summa sedacina|last=Chiara Crisciani|year=2003|publisher=SISMEL edizioni del Galluzzo|isbn=978-88-8450-051-9}}</ref><ref name="Vetraria">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.catom/books?id=QczAWF3S-1sC&pg=PA189|title=L'arte vetraria|last=Antonio Neri|date=1663}}</ref>

In an extensive inventory of the things owned by [[Charles V of France]] that were in his possession at the time of his death on September 16, 1380.<ref name="Chandler1985">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.escom/books?id=hObeAAAAMAAJ&dq=Item+ung+grant+orloge+de+mer,+de+deux+grans+fiolles+plains+de+sablon,+en+ung+grant+estuy+de+boys+garny|title=The Time Museum: Time measuring instruments. pt. 1. Astrolabes, astrolabe related instruments|author=Bruce Chandler|author2=Anthony John Turner|date=1985|publisher=The Museum|isbn=978-0-912947-01-3}}</ref> There is an article cited as "heures de naviguer" from the king's study to his castle at Saint Germain in Laye, which is described as follows:<ref name="Rossum1996">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9Za4jdBEVB4C&pg=PA380|title=History of the Hour: Clocks and Modern Temporal Orders|last=Gerhard Dohrn-van Rossum|date=15 June 1996|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-15510-4|page=380}}</ref>

This "orloge de mer" or "heures de naviguer" was sent to him, as a gift, when he was still only a prince (being, therefore, before 1356 when he took the place of his father in prison), by John the hunter, through his aunt Yolanda de Aragón, when Juan asked him for a manuscript by Joan de Mandeville, "to translate it into the Aragonese language". This point is essential to know the language of the original, since it does not tell you " ''to translate it into the Catalan language'' ", which was the most important because it was yours - implying that you did not need any translation - on the other hand, if you had in Catalonia a copy in the Catalan language would not have been requested by her aunt, ergo the Yolanda de Aragón manuscript was in Catalan.<ref name="Yolande">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kb3SJxHaTpUC&pg=PA128|title=Johan I D'Arago|date=January 1929|publisher=Institut d'Estudis Catalans|pages=128–|id=GGKEY:8CXSF5T5A0D}}</ref>

The most interesting of this reference from [[Charles V of France]], is that an Ampoule of hours is defined as "ung grant orloge de mero" ("a great sea watch"), this together with the fact that the first explanation of its use at sea it appears in " the twelfth of the Crestià " (work by M.Llauradó on [[Francesc Eiximenis]] ) and that it was given to him by his aunt Yolanda de Aragón, suggests that, in this period, the importance of an hourglass was commonly Related to its use at sea and its manufacturing demand, it could have originated from the navigation needs of the [[Crown of Aragon]], a maritime power of the moment in the Mediterranean.<ref name="Yolande"/><ref name="1409Rogers1988">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-b2jcQAACAAJ|title=A Partial Edition of Francesc Eiximenis' Dotzè Del Crestià (Chs. 1-97)|last=Eiximenis, Francesc (ca. 1340-ca. 1409); Donna Mary Rogers|year=1988|publisher=Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Toronto|isbn=978-0-315-43411-0}}</ref><ref>Diccionari Català Valencià Balear, Alcover-Moll: Rellotge de sorra.</ref> 
[[File:Dotze_Crestia_Valencia_1484.jpg|thumb|Twelfth of the Cristian (Valencia-1484)]]

(contracted; show full)n the [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]] Sea.<ref name="Lacosta">{{Cite web|url=http://www.webislam.com/?idt=3078|title=Mallorca 1229: la visión de los vencidos|last=Javier Lacosta|date=16 Sep 1999|publisher=Junta islámica|access-date=31 Oct 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/servlet/SirveObras/24694952212358274198835/p0000003.htm|title=España: sus monumentos y artes, su naturaleza e historia.|last=Pablo Piferrer, Francisco Pi Margall|access-date=2 
  November   2010|archive-date=2010-12-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101206114853/http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/servlet/SirveObras/24694952212358274198835/p0000003.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite webbook|url=https://books.google.escom/books?id=Hr7y7X68vOwC&pg=PA333&dq=abu+yahya&hl=espg=PA333|title=Itinerario cultural de Almorávides y Almohades: Magreb y Península Ibérica|last=Legado andalusí, Hamid Triki|date=May 2003|publisher=Junta de Andalucía|isbn=9788493061500|access-date=18 November 2010}}</ref> Although Mallorca was once again in Muslim power, it served to lay the foundations for the future Catalan naval power and to strengthen business contacts in the Mediterranean.<ref name="bio">{{Cite web|url=http://www.biografiasyvidas.com/biografia/r/ramon_berenguer_iii.htm|title=Ramón Berenguer III el Grande|publisher=Biografías y vidas|access-date=16 Dec 2010}}</ref>

==Related pages==

* Royal Shipyards of Barcelona 
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* [http://books.google.cat/books?id=9FL1gDllhg0C&pg=PA266&dq=inventari+rei++cavall&hl=ca&ei=vj6OTMSOKIPBswaoo_j3AQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CFYQ6AEwCTge Rubió and Lluch; Diplomatari del Oriente Catala; p.267 Inventory of a galley]

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[[Category:Navies]]
[[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]]