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This is a '''list of''' noted '''scientists''' ordered by nationality.

==Afghanistan==
*[[Ashraf Ghani]], President of Afghanistan (as of 2017); he is a scientist in the field of [[Anthropology]]
*[[Abdul Karim Mustaghni]], was Defense Minister of Afghanistan; died in 2004

==Albania==
*[[Ferid Murad]] - he has a [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]].
(contracted; show full)rs and to convex and discrete geometry";<ref name="auto">[http://www.ams.org/profession/ams-fellows/new-fellows 2014 Class of the Fellows of the AMS], [[American Mathematical Society]]. Retrieved 2013-11-04.</ref><ref name="auto1">{{cite web|url=https://www.tuwien.ac.at/aktuelles/news_detail/article/124820/|title=Peter M. Gruber – ein Nachruf|work=tuwien.ac.at|access-date=14 March 2017}}</ref> [[Geometric number theory]],<ref name=zong>{{cite journal |
workjournal= The mMathematical iIntelligencer |volume=31 |issue=3 |pages=25&ndash;31 |doi= 10.1007/s00283-009-9042-1 |title= Geometry of Numbers in Vienna |first= Chuanming |last=Zong |year=2009 |s2cid=122537208 }}</ref> and convex and discrete geometry;<ref name="auto"/><ref name="auto1"/> died in 2017

==Azerbaijan==
*[[Lotfi A. Zadeh]] - [[pioneer]] (or one of the earliest scientists) of [[fuzzy logic]]; computer scientist, electrical engineer, mathematician; d. in 2017

==Bangladesh==
*[[Muhammed Zafar Iqbal]] - he has a [[Bangladesh National Film Awards]] for Best Story; he is a scholar of engineering and [[computer science]].

(contracted; show full)==Germany==
{{see also|Category:German mathematicians}}
* [[Fritz Müller]], known for Müllerian [[mimicry]]; [[Evolutionary biology]]; died in 1897

==Great Britain==

===England===
* [[Charles Babbage]], credited with inventing the first [[mechanical computer]] (or [[analytical engine]]);<ref name="babb">{{cite 
webencyclopedia|url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/computing-history/|title=The Modern History of Computing (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)|last=Copeland|first=B. Jack|date=Dec 18, 2000|workencyclopedia=[[Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy]]|access-date=1 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | author= Newman, M.H.A. | title=‘'General Principles of the Design of All-Purpose Computing Machines’' | year=1948 | publisher=Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, series A, 195 | pages=271–274 }}</ref> died in 1871
* [[Alan Turing]], he was important in the development of [[theoretical computer science]],<ref name="frs">{{Cite journal
| last1 = Newman | first1 = M. H. A.
| author-link = Max Newman
| doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1955.0019
| title = Alan Mathison Turing. 1912–1954
| journal = [[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]]
| volume = 1
| pages = 253–263
| year = 1955
| jstor = 769256
| s2cid = 711366⏎
}}</ref><ref name=AFP>{{cite magazinews |title=Alan Turing&nbsp;– Time 100 People of the Century |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,990624,00.html |workmagazine=Time |quote=Providing a blueprint for the electronic digital computer. The fact remains that everyone who taps at a keyboard, opening a spreadsheet or a word-processing program, is working on an incarnation of a Turing machine. |first=Paul |last=Gray |date=29 March 1999 |access-date=17 September 2017 |archive-date=19 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110119181237/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,990624,00.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Sipser|2(contracted; show full)

==Guyana==
*[[Opendra Narayan]]<ref name=JNP>{{cite journal |author=Shilpa Buch, Barry T. Rouse, Howard E. Gendelman, [[M. Christine Zink]] and [[Janice E. Clements]] |title=Opendra "Bill" Narayan (1936–2007): A Personal Tribute to a Friend, Teacher, and Colleague |journal=[[Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology]] |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |date=January 2008 |doi=10.1007/s11481-008-9101-y 
|s2cid=44419203 }}</ref> - he is known for engineering a type of HIV that could cause AIDS-like disease in monkeys;<ref name=JNP/> the [[veterinarian]] died in 2007

==Haiti==
*[[Jean-Baptiste Chavannes (agronomist)|Jean-Baptiste Chavannes]] - he got the [[Goldman Environmental Prize]] for his work on [[forest protection]]; he is an [[agronomist]].<ref name=goldman-jean-baptiste>{{cite web
 |url=http://www.goldmanprize.org/node/112 
(contracted; show full)==Indonesia==
*[[Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie]] - a former president of Indonesia; scientist of [[aerospace engineering]]

==Iran==
{{main|List of Iranian scientists}}

==Italy==
* [[Gerolamo Cardano]], he invented - partially - the [[gimbal]] consisting of three [[concentric]] rings allowing a supported [[compass]] or [[gyroscope]] to rotate freely, and the [[driveshaft|Cardan shaft]];<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/
books?id=GNpEPgAACAAJ |title=Jerome Cardan: A Biographical Study |publisher= [[Dodo Press]] |isbn=9781409959595 |date=January 2009 }}</ref> died in 1576

==Japan==
{{main|List of Japanese scientists}}
* [[Masaaki Sugihara]] - former professor at the [[University of Tokyo]]
* [[Masao Iri]]
* [[Masatake Mori]]
*[[Motoo Kimura]], and [[Tomoko Ohta|one other]], [[introduction|introduced]] [or where the first to present] the [[neutral theory of molecular evolution]];<ref name=Kimura68>{{cite journal |last=Kimura |first=Motoo |year=1968 |title= Evolutionary rate at the molecular level |journal= Nature |volume=217 |pages=624–626 |url= http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/ridley/classictexts/kimura.pdf |doi= 10.1038/217624a0 |format= &ndash; <sup>[https://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?hl=en&lr=&q=author%3AKimura+intitle%3AEvolutionary+rate+at+the+molecular+level&as_publication=Nature&as_ylo=1968&as_yhi=1968&btnG=Search Scholar search]</sup> |pmid=5637732 |issue=5129|bibcode = 1968Natur.217..624K |s2cid=4161261 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal 
| last1 = Nei | first1 = M. 
| title = Motoo Kimura (1924-1994) 
| url = https://archive.org/details/sim_molecular-biology-and-evolution_1995-09_12_5/page/719 | journal = Molecular Biology and Evolution 
| volume = 12 
| issue = 5 
| pages = 719–722 
| year = 1995 
| doi = 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040250 ⏎
| pmid = 7476119
}}</ref> [[Population geneticis]], [[Evolutionary biology]]; died in 1994
* [[Ryogo Hirota]] - former professor at [[Waseda University]]
* [[Shinichi Oishi]]

==Kazakhstan==
*[[Askar Dzhumadildayev]]<ref name="auto2">{{cite web|url=https://www.inform.kz/en/article/2226941|title=Zhautykov and World Math Olympiads bring together most talented students: academician A.Dzhumadildayev|last=INFORM.KZ|website=www.inform.kz|date=14 January 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.inform.kz:8080/eng/article/2286431|title=51st IMO: Three gold, two silver medals - proof of domestic educational system's success}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kbtu.kz/en/math/professors|title=ErrorPage|website=www.kbtu.kz|access-date=2019-02-15|archive-date=2018-04-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180429222411/http://www.kbtu.kz/en/math/professors|url-status=dead}}</ref> -  member of the [[Kazakhstan Academy of S(contracted; show full)

==Nepal==
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*[[Kumud Dhital]] - he is one of the members of the team that first transplanted a heart donated after circulatory death (DCD), where the heart has stopped beating;<ref name=newslimited>{{cite news|last1=Patterson|first1=Robbie|title=World-first dead heart transplant at Sydney
’'s St Vincent’'s Hospital a game changer|url=http://www.news.com.au/national/worldfirst-dead-heart-transplant-at-sydneys-st-vincents-hospital-a-game-changer/story-e6frfkp9-1227099798041|access-date=29 October 2014|work=News.com.au|publisher=News Limited|date=24 October 2014|archive-date=29 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141029113931/http://www.news.com.au/national/worldfirst-dead-heart-transplant-at-sydneys-st-vincents-hospital-a-game-changer/story-e6frfkp9-1227099798041|url-status=dead}}</ref> he is a [[surgeon]].

==New Zealand==
*[[Nancy Adams]], got the awards,  [[Queen's Service Order]], and the [[New Zealand 1990 Commemoration Medal]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Haines|first=Catharine|title=International women in science: a biographical dictionary to 1950|year=2001|publisher=ABC-CLIO|location=Santa Barbara, California|isbn=1-57607-090-5|pages=2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HftdjMNDvwIC&lpg=PA2&ots=cfXuNgS2d-&dq=madge%20+adam%20+oxford&pg=PA2#v=onepage&q=madge%20adam%20oxford&f=false}}</ref> Botany; died in 2007
*[[Margaret Cruickshank]], the first registered woman [[wikt|doctor]] in [[New Zealand]]; died in 1918
*[[Fred Hollows]]; Medicine, surgery, ophthalmology; died in 1993
*[[Ernest Rutherford]] -  he got the [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]]; [[nuclear physicist]], and [[chemist]]; he died in 1937
(contracted; show full)gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.google.com/|title=Google|website=www.google.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thaiworldview.com/bouddha/animism5.htm|title=Spirits|website=www.thaiworldview.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://i268.photobucket.com/albums/jj21/panyathai143/DSC01886_resize.jpg|title=Movie poster showing Thai ghosts Krahang and Krasue with Count Dracula}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cockatoo.com/thailand/e-01land/et-lan51.htm|title=cockatoo.com
 -  - Diese Website steht zum Verkauf! -  - Informationen zum Thema cockatoo.|website=www.cockatoo.com}}</ref><ref>Phya Anuman Rajadhon, ''Essays on Thai Folklore'', Editions Duang Kamol, {{ISBN|974-210-345-3}}</ref><ref>Phya Anuman Rajadhon, ''Chīwit Phra Sāraprasœt thī khāphačhao rūčhak'', Ko̜tho̜mo. (i.e. Krung Thēp Mahā Nakhon) : Munnithi Sathīanrakōsēt Nākhaprathīp, 2532 [1989]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wayofdesign.com/webzine/vol1-1/anuman.htm|title=East by So(contracted; show full)omas Edison]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.history.com/topics/inventions/thomas-edison|title=Thomas Edison|first=History com|last=Editors|website=HISTORY}}</ref> - he and his workers made "the first practical incandescent [[light bulb]]";<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.livescience.com/43424-who-invented-the-light-bulb.html|title=Who Invented the Light Bulb?|first1=Elizabeth|last1=Palermo|first2=Associate Editor |last2=August 16|first3=2017 10:02pm|last3=ET|website=Live Science
|date=23 November 2021}}</ref> died in 1931
*[[Benjamin Franklin]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ushistory.org/franklin/science/index.htm|title=Benjamin Franklin's contributions to science|website=www.ushistory.org}}</ref> President of [[Pennsylvania]],  died in 1790

==Vietnam==
<!-- N -->
(contracted; show full)*[[List of physicists]]
*[[List of women scientists]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Lists of scientists| ]]
[[Category:Lists of scientists by nationality|*]]