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Difference between revisions 8012727 and 8012786 on simplewiki{{cleanup|date=August 2012}} {{Italic title}} {{Infobox book | italic title = <!--(see above)--> | name = | image = | image_size = | alt =Documents on the Persian Gulf's name the eternal heritage ancient time (contracted; show full) # Contracts and legal and geographical facts in Arabic texts. all Arabs letter and contracts before 1960 used the name as Persian gulf(خلیج فارس). According to the pages(92–98), the [[United Nations Secretariat]] and specialized agencies of the United Nations agencies have requested its staff many times to use only "Persian Gulf" as a standard geographical designation. ⏎ *Chapter 3 also discusses the history of falsification of the name of the Persian Gulf. In this chapter, the role of Arab nationalist leaders - the role of religious leaders - the role of the Arab media is examined. and focus on the controversy between Iran and Arab countries and how it developed. Mentions other names used by other countries and throughout history. ==Chapter four == {{empty section|date=June 2013}} part 7 page 87 is about British control and colonialist time of controlling the Persian gulf . Portuguese, Netherlands and British. For about 200 years, from [[1763]] until [[1971]], the [[United Kingdom]] kept some control over some of the Persian Gulf lands. The lands were current states of the [[United Arab Emirates]] and at various times [[Bahrain]], [[Kuwait]], [[Oman]], and [[Qatar]]. [[File:Persian gulf in Iraqi carpet 1970.jpg|thumb|Persian gulf in Iraqi carpet 1970]] printed in the Book's Documents. ==Chapter five == *Differentiation between Indian Ocean, Persian Sea and Persian Gulf and Oman sea/gulf. In ancient times usually persian were considering there is a long sea all around the world called(Mohit) the Ocean and from this long round ocean separate two large sea called Persian sea and (Rum ) Mediterranean sea. even in Quran it mentions 2 seas (Bahrain). some other geographer mentioned the world has 7 seas and the most important seas are : Bahr Mohit (ocean) , Persian sea ,Mediterranean sea , Africa sea (Habasha) and china sea. ⏎ ⏎ ==Erythraean sea == In the old time The Indian ocean and Arabian sea historically and geographically has been referred to with different names by Turks, Persian and Arabs, and others. According to the the book of [[Wilfred Harvey Schoff]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/592840.pdf] oldest text which tells about [[Erythraean Sea]] was [[Herodotus]] after him others also mentioned the name until 18 century [[Herodotus]] was telling about the sea from Babylon to the west toward (India) it means current Arabian sea and gulf of Oman . but later the total part of Indian ocean was called [[Erythraean Sea]]. in “the Voyage around the Erythraean” first century called all north part of [[Indian ocean]] as [[Erythraean Sea]] and also mentioned the Persian Sea, in para33-34-35.[https://web.archive.org/web/20131202223335/http://www.scribd.com/doc/8583367/The-Periplus-of-the-Erythraean-Sea],<ref name=Periplus>{{cite web|url=http://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/texts/periplus/periplus.html|title=The Voyage around the Erythraean Sea.para33-35|work=washington.edu}}</ref> .also in the book the sea of Erythraeo by [[Agatharchides]] it was called [[Erythraean Sea]] this term applied by Greek and Roman geographers to the Indian Ocean until 18 century and the term was including its adjuncts, the Red Sea and the Persian sea(Gulf) and [[Arabian Sea]] . Erythra means Red, but we are assured by Agatharchides that it means, not Red Sea, but Sea of King Erythras, following a Persian legend and the island of Erythra .[https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Periplus_of_the_Erythraean_Sea/Notes].[https://archive.org/details/geographigraeci03mlgoog/page/n1/mode/1up?view=theater] and Pliny in Natural History 6.96-111. (On India) wrote : XXVIII.(107) Moreover in this region the Erythraean sea then makes a double inroad, into the land; the name given to it by our countrymen is the Red Sea, while the Greeks call it Erythrum, from King Erythras a persian name [https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/ancient/pliny-india.asp],related to the [[Ṛta]] or Erta, [[Hr̥tás]],the "truth". Expert of Geography and cartography in medieval Islam, usually named it as Persian sea a vast sea from Vak Vak island (including Thailand coast and Andaman sea to the west Basra bay and to the red sea. some of them called all body of water in north Indian ocean as the Persian sea (Bahre Fars) and the south part as Erythraean sea European geographers and travelers, also Differentiated between Persian sea and Persian Gulf and Indian ocean. geographers in medieval Islam were using the word Bahre Fars بحر فارس (Persian sea) to mention the current body of water in the north of Indian Ocean, In the Book Documents on the Persian Gulf's name, Pages 60 to 84 explained the description of the Persian Sea in the 40 books of Muslims from10 to 18 centuries . they called the seas of south part of Iran, Indian subcontinent and the Arabian Peninsula as the Persian Sea, sometimes Indian sea and rarely Macran or Makaran , and Oman sea among them : Ibn Khordadbeh, Muhammad al-Idrisi, Istakhri, Mahmud, al-Khwarizmi , Zakariya al-Qazwini, Al-Masudi , Ibn Hawqal, Ibn al-Faqih, Ibn Rustah, Sohrab, Ramhormozi, Farisi al Istakhri,Tahir al-Maqdisi (d. 966), Ibn Khaldun, Mohammad ibn Najub Bekiran, Abu Rayhan Biruni, Yaqut al-Hamawi,Abu'l-Fida, Al-Dimashqi, Hamdollah Mostowfi, Al-Nuwayri, Ibn Batutta,Katip Çelebi have used the terms, "Bahr-i Mohit i Ajam", "Bahr-i-Fars", (Persian sea), and "Bahr-i Mokaran/Mecran", "Bahr-e Al Akhzar" (green) to refer to the current Arabian sea. None of them used the term Arabian sea. the book cited description of the Persian sea from the book (Sourat Ard)Face of the Earth page 42 Written by Ibn Hawql: ” … after Arabs lands should be mentioned The Sea of Persia because Persian sea includes most of Arabs borders, the Arab peninsula are connected to this sea ,the Persian sea connected to many countries of Islam. this sea start from the Qulzam(Red sea ) it ends to Eble (Basra bay), then It crosses Siraf (Bushehr) then extends to the Hormuz and Macran and the coasts of Multan, which is the coasts of Sindh (Pakistan) which the boundaries of the countries of Islam is ended then the Persian sea continues to the coasts of India finally in east it connect to the sea of China”. [https://al-maktaba.org/book/11780/47] at least 40 Muslim geographers explained Persian sea, they were considering the world only have 7 seas and the vast sea was Persian sea and Rum sea. they did not mentioned Arabian sea this name first used by European cartographer of 17 century . <ref name=PGSC>{{cite web|url=http://www.persiangulfstudies.com/en/index.asp?P=NEWSVIEW&ID=149|title=Introducing a Book and Atlas|work=PGSC}}</ref> .Macaran or Makaran (most probably related to [[Diety]] called [[Makara]] Persian plural is Makaran ,in English this Crocodile is called [[Mugger crocodile]]) or maybe have root in Persian word Mahikhoran(fish eater). *Chapter 3 also discusses the history of falsification of the name of the Persian Gulf. In this chapter, the role of Arab nationalist leaders - the role of religious leaders - the role of the Arab media is examined. and focus on the controversy between Iran and Arab countries and how it developed. Mentions other names used by other countries and throughout history. ==Chapter six Documents == part 11 is about important Documents,Maps and Pictures on the museums and archives in different countries .[https://web.archive.org/web/20200220031503/http://parssea.org/?p=724] also answers to the question of those say the names should change. {{empty section|date=June 2013}} [[File:Basra bahrefars.jpg|thumb|Persian Gulf's name in[[Ottoman Empire]] ]] Basra BahreFars(Persian Gulf's name in the time [[Ottoman Empire]] official map printed in the Book's Documents section.[https://japan.mfa.gov.ir/files/en329/1729نقشه%E2%80%8Cی%20تاریخی%20%20عثمانی%20ایران.pdf] [https://web.archive.org/web/20200625043646/http://parssea.org/?s=%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B4%D9%87+%D9%87%D8%A7] == Related pages == * [[Names of Iran]] * [[Persian Gulf]] * [[Persian Gulf naming dispute]] * [[Early world maps]] * [[History of cartography]] * [[List of cartographers]] * [[Iran]] * [[Middle East]] * [[Cartography]] * [[Maps]] ==References== {{reflist}} == Other websites == * Arabic documents [http://www.persiangulfstudies.com/ar/index.asp?P=NEWSVIEW&ID=97] * Documents on the Persian Gulf's name [https://japan.mfa.gov.ir/en/newsview/536033 Embassy of the Islamic Republic of Iran - Tokyo- Introducing a Book and Atlas] * Documents on the Persian Gulf's name [https://japan.mfa.gov.ir/en/newsview/536034 Embassy of the Islamic Republic of Iran - Tokyo- A book and atlas] * Documents from the book in flickr: [https://www.flickr.com/photos/54272266@N06/6863021370/in/photostream/ 32 historical map of Persian gulf],from the Documents on the Persian Gulf's name. * Documents from the book in flickr: [https://www.flickr.com/photos/54400702@N07/ 3d pan white] *Documents from the book [https://www.flickr.com/photos/ajam43/] * more Maps and documents from this book: [https://web.archive.org/web/20200220031503/http://parssea.org/?p=724] * Documents from the book in parssea [https://parssea.persianblog.ir/MBK8r4xjpESAQp9jQ019-Documents-on-the-Persian-Gulfs-name-the-eternal-heritage-of-ancient-time-part-2] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627192139/https://parssea.persianblog.ir/MBK8r4xjpESAQp9jQ019-Documents-on-the-Persian-Gulfs-name-the-eternal-heritage-of-ancient-time-part-2 |date=2020-06-27 }} * What’s in a name? The New York Times [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/13/world/middleeast/persian-gulf-arabian-gulf-iran-saudi-arabia.html] * Persian Gulf: From rich history to security depth [https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/447346/Persian-Gulf-From-rich-history-to-security-depth Persian Gulf: From rich history to security depth - Tehran Times] * [http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Documents-on-the-Persian-Gulf's-name-:-the-eternal-heritage-of-ancient-time times of India] * Documentary film:[https://www.youtube.com/user/IRANgulf1 Documentary film of the Persian Gulf] * UNGEGN [http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/ungegn/docs/23-gegn/wp/gegn23wp61.pdf UNGEGN Working Paper No. 61] * Voice of America.(voanews.com)VOA documentary [https://web.archive.org/web/20210602021258/https://ir.voanews.com/episode/dydban-shhrwnd-ryshh-nam-khlyj-fars-dr-asnad-w-rwydadhay-tarykhy-3826] * Documents on the Persian Gulf's name facts [https://kids.kiddle.co/Documents_on_the_Persian_Gulf%27s_name] * Documents PGSC [[Persian Gulf Studies Center]] [http://www.persiangulfstudies.com/en/index.asp?P=NEWSVIEW&ID=149] *Atlas of geographical maps and historical documents about the Persian Gulf from prehistoric times to the present Published by Sahab Institute of Geography and Cartography , 1971 , and 2005 ,[[Tehran]] . *Atlas of maps"Description of the Persian Gulf in Historical Maps", the Iranology Foundation,[[Tehran]] , 2008.The name of the Erythraean Sea.-By WILFRED H. - jstor1913, [https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/592840.pdf] oldest text which tells about [[Erythraean Sea]] was [[Herodotus]] after him others also mentioned the name until 18 century [[Herodotus]] was telling about the sea from Babylon to the west toward (India) it means current Arabian sea and gulf of Oman . but later the total part of Indian ocean was called [[Erythraean Sea]]. in “the Voyage around the Erythraean” first century called all north part of [[Indian ocean]] as [[Erythraean Sea]] and also mentioned the Persian Sea, in para33-34-35.[https://web.archive.org/web/20131202223335/http://www.scribd.com/doc/8583367/The-Periplus-of-the-Erythraean-Sea],<ref name=Periplus>{{cite web|url=http://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/texts/periplus/periplus.html|title=The Voyage around the Erythraean Sea.para33-35|work=washington.edu}}</ref> .also in the book the sea of Erythraeo by [[Agatharchides]] it was called [[Erythraean Sea]] this term applied by Greek and Roman geographers to the Indian Ocean until 18 century and the term was including its adjuncts, the Red Sea and the Persian sea(Gulf) and [[Arabian Sea]] . Erythra means Red, but we are assured by [[Agatharchides]] that it means, not Red Sea, but Sea of King Erythras, following a Persian legend and the island of Erythra.[https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Periplus_of_the_Erythraean_Sea/Notes].[https://archive.org/details/geographigraeci03mlgoog/page/n1/mode/1up?view=theater] and Pliny in Natural History 6.96-111. (On India) wrote : XXVIII.(107) Moreover in this region the Erythraean sea then makes a double inroad, into the land; the name given to it by our countrymen is the Red Sea, while the Greeks call it Erythrum, from King Erythras a persian name [https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/ancient/pliny-india.asp],related to the [[Ṛta]] or Erta, [[Hr̥tás]],the "truth". ==Persian sea== Expert of Geography and cartography in medieval Islam, usually named it as Persian sea a vast sea from Vak Vak island (including Thailand coast and Andaman sea to the west Basra bay and to the red sea. some of them called all body of water in north Indian ocean as the Persian sea (Bahre Fars) and the south part as Erythraean sea European geographers and travelers, also Differentiated between Persian sea and Persian Gulf and Indian ocean. geographers in medieval Islam were using the word Bahre Fars بحر فارس ([[Persian sea]]) to mention the current body of water in the north of [[Indian Ocean]], In the Book Documents on the Persian Gulf's name, Pages 60 to 84 explained the description of the Persian Sea in the 40 books of Muslims from 10 to 18 centuries . they called the seas of south part of Iran, Indian subcontinent and the Arabian Peninsula as the [[Persian Sea]], sometimes Indian sea and rarely Macran or Makaran , and [[Oman sea]] among the scholars: Ibn Khordadbeh, Muhammad al-Idrisi, Istakhri, Mahmud, al-Khwarizmi , Zakariya al-Qazwini, Al-Masudi , Ibn Hawqal, Ibn al-Faqih, Ibn Rustah, Sohrab, Ramhormozi, Farisi al Istakhri,Tahir al-Maqdisi (d. 966), Ibn Khaldun, Mohammad ibn Najub Bekiran, Abu Rayhan Biruni, Yaqut al-Hamawi,Abu'l-Fida, Al-Dimashqi, Hamdollah Mostowfi, Al-Nuwayri, Ibn Batutta,Katip Çelebi have used the terms, "Bahr-i Mohit i Ajam", "Bahr-i-Fars", (Persian sea), and "Bahr-i Mokaran/Mecran", "Bahr-e Al Akhzar" (green) to refer to the current Arabian sea. None of them used the term Arabian sea. the book cited description of the Persian sea from the book (Sourat Ard)Face of the Earth page 42 Written by Ibn Hawql: ” … after Arabs lands should be mentioned The Sea of Persia because Persian sea includes most of Arabs borders, the Arab peninsula are connected to this sea ,the Persian sea connected to many countries of Islam. this sea start from the Qulzam(Red sea ) it ends to Eble (Basra bay), then It crosses Siraf (Bushehr) then extends to the Hormuz and Macran and the coasts of Multan, which is the coasts of Sindh (Pakistan) which the boundaries of the countries of Islam is ended then the Persian sea continues to the coasts of India finally in east it connect to the sea of China”. [https://al-maktaba.org/book/11780/47] at least 40 Muslim geographers explained Persian sea, they were considering the world only have 7 seas and the vast sea was Persian sea and Rum sea. they did not mentioned [[Arabian Sea]] at all this name first used by European cartographer of 17 century . <ref name=PGSC>{{cite web|url=http://www.persiangulfstudies.com/en/index.asp?P=NEWSVIEW&ID=149|title=Introducing a Book and Atlas|work=PGSC}}</ref> . another name was [[makran sea]] this name was used mostly by Muslims. Macaran or Makaran (most probably related to [[Diety]] called [[Makara]] Persian plural is Makaran ,in English this Crocodile is called [[Mugger crocodile]]) or maybe have root in Persian word Mahikhoran(fish eater). ==Chapter six Documents == part 11 is about important Documents, Maps and Pictures on the museums and archives in different countries .[https://web.archive.org/web/20200220031503/http://parssea.org/?p=724] also answers to the question of those say the names should change. {{empty section|date=June 2013}} [[File:Basra bahrefars.jpg|thumb|Persian Gulf's name in[[Ottoman Empire]] ]] Basra BahreFars(Persian Gulf's name in the time [[Ottoman Empire]] official map printed in the Book's Documents section.[https://japan.mfa.gov.ir/files/en329/1729نقشه%E2%80%8Cی%20تاریخی%20%20عثمانی%20ایران.pdf] [https://web.archive.org/web/20200625043646/http://parssea.org/?s=%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B4%D9%87+%D9%87%D8%A7]⏎ ⏎ ==Gallery Documents from the Book== Some of the historical maps and documents Which is introduced in this book.[https://www.flickr.com/photos/54400702@N07/ 3d pan white] - [https://japan.mfa.gov.ir/en/newsview/536033 Embassy of the Islamic Republic of Iran - Tokyo- Introducing a Book and Atlas] <gallery> File:Asia in the shape of the mythical winged horse Pegasus..jpg|thumb|Sinus Persicus and the Mare Persicum File:Basra-ps64.JPG|thumb|Map of Persian Gulf (contracted; show full)File:East-Hem 1200ad.jpg|thumb|East-Hem 1200ad File:Map of Middle East.png|thumb|Middle East File:Map of the Ottoman empire in 1916 - Banse Ewald - 1919.jpg|thumb|the Ottoman empire in 1916 .1919 File:Neo-Babylonian Empire.png|thumb| Babylonian Empire File:Bellin - Karte von der Küste von Arabien c.1745 (crop).png|thumb|Bellin – Persis.c.1745 </gallery> == Related pages == * [[Names of Iran]] * [[Persian Gulf]] * [[Persian Gulf naming dispute]] * [[Early world maps]] * [[History of cartography]] * [[List of cartographers]] * [[Iran]] * [[Middle East]] * [[Cartography]] * [[Maps]] ==References== {{reflist}} == Other websites == * Arabic documents [http://www.persiangulfstudies.com/ar/index.asp?P=NEWSVIEW&ID=97] * Documents on the Persian Gulf's name [https://japan.mfa.gov.ir/en/newsview/536033 Embassy of the Islamic Republic of Iran - Tokyo- Introducing a Book and Atlas] * Documents on the Persian Gulf's name [https://japan.mfa.gov.ir/en/newsview/536034 Embassy of the Islamic Republic of Iran - Tokyo- A book and atlas] * Documents from the book in flickr: [https://www.flickr.com/photos/54272266@N06/6863021370/in/photostream/ 32 historical map of Persian gulf],from the Documents on the Persian Gulf's name. * Documents from the book in flickr: [https://www.flickr.com/photos/54400702@N07/ 3d pan white] *Documents from the book [https://www.flickr.com/photos/ajam43/] * more Maps and documents from this book: [https://web.archive.org/web/20200220031503/http://parssea.org/?p=724] * Documents from the book in parssea [https://parssea.persianblog.ir/MBK8r4xjpESAQp9jQ019-Documents-on-the-Persian-Gulfs-name-the-eternal-heritage-of-ancient-time-part-2] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627192139/https://parssea.persianblog.ir/MBK8r4xjpESAQp9jQ019-Documents-on-the-Persian-Gulfs-name-the-eternal-heritage-of-ancient-time-part-2 |date=2020-06-27 }} * What’s in a name? The New York Times [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/13/world/middleeast/persian-gulf-arabian-gulf-iran-saudi-arabia.html] * Persian Gulf: From rich history to security depth [https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/447346/Persian-Gulf-From-rich-history-to-security-depth Persian Gulf: From rich history to security depth - Tehran Times] * [http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Documents-on-the-Persian-Gulf's-name-:-the-eternal-heritage-of-ancient-time times of India] * Documentary film:[https://www.youtube.com/user/IRANgulf1 Documentary film of the Persian Gulf] * UNGEGN [http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/ungegn/docs/23-gegn/wp/gegn23wp61.pdf UNGEGN Working Paper No. 61] * Voice of America.(voanews.com)VOA documentary [https://web.archive.org/web/20210602021258/https://ir.voanews.com/episode/dydban-shhrwnd-ryshh-nam-khlyj-fars-dr-asnad-w-rwydadhay-tarykhy-3826] * Documents on the Persian Gulf's name facts [https://kids.kiddle.co/Documents_on_the_Persian_Gulf%27s_name] * Documents PGSC [[Persian Gulf Studies Center]] [http://www.persiangulfstudies.com/en/index.asp?P=NEWSVIEW&ID=149] *Atlas of geographical maps and historical documents about the Persian Gulf from prehistoric times to the present Published by Sahab Institute of Geography and Cartography , 1971 , and 2005 ,[[Tehran]] . *Atlas of maps"Description of the Persian Gulf in Historical Maps", the Iranology Foundation,[[Tehran]] , 2008.⏎ [[Category:2001 books]] [[Category:2004 books]] [[Category:2009 books]] [[Category:Middle East]] [[Category:Cartography]] [[Category:History]] All content in the above text box is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license Version 4 and was originally sourced from https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=prev&oldid=8012786.
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