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Documents on the Persian Gulf's name
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{{Italic title}}
{{Infobox book
| italic title   = <!--(see above)-->
| name           =
| image          =TwoBooks of Dr.Ajam.jpg|thumb
| image_size     =
| alt            =Documents on the Persian Gulf's name the eternal heritage ancient time
| caption        = some documents inside the book
| author         = Dr. [[Ajam]]
| audio_read_by  =
| title_orig     = Documents on the Persian Gulf's name the eternal heritage ancient time
| orig_lang_code = fa
| title_working  =
| translator     =in English by Dr Z.Abootorabi
| illustrator    =Evin Olympic 
| cover_artist   = PGS [[Persian Gulf Studies Center]]
| country        =
| language       = Persian -English
| series         =
| release_number =
| subject        = Documents on the Persian Gulf's name the eternal heritage ancient time
| genre          =
| set_in         =
| publisher      = Tehran
| publisher2     = Tehran university
| pub_date       =
| english_pub_date =
| published      =2004-2009
| media_type     =
| pages          =257+ documents
| awards         = Gold award. best research of 2009
| isbn           = 
| isbn_note      =
| oclc           =
| dewey          =
| congress       =
| preceded_by    =
| followed_by    =
| native_wikisource =
| wikisource     =
| notes          =[[Persian Gulf Studies Center]]
| exclude_cover  = Parssea
| website  =[http://www.persiangulfstudies.com/en/index.asp?p=NEWS2 Persian Gulf Studies Center&#124;Institute of Historical, Geographical, Geopolitical and Strategic Studies of the Persian Gulf]<br>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120926071123/http://parssea.persianblog.ir/pages/1]
}}
[[File:Name of Persian Gulf during History.gif|thumb|Documents on the Persian Gulf's name]]
'''''Documents on the Persian Gulf's name the eternal heritage ancient time''''' is a book and atlas written and compiled by Dr. M. [[Ajam]]. It was published first on 2004. A second edition was published under the supervision of Dr. Pirouz Mojtahedzadeh and Dr.[[Mohammad Hassan Ganji]] in 2009.the book collects maps and historical documents about the [[Indian Ocean]] and its related bays and seas, especially the [[Persian Gulf]], the [[Arabian Sea]] and the [[Gulf of Oman]].
<ref>[https://japan.mfa.gov.ir/en/newsview/536033  Documents on the Persian Gulf's name the eternal heritage ancient time by Dr.Mohammad Ajam<!-- -->]</ref>
== Awards ==
At the eleventh International Festival of Iran's Best Research and Researchers of 2010, this book received the Gold Coin of best Award presented by the Vice President of Iran. This book has received many other awards and numerous other letters of appreciation, among them former president [[Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani]] The [[book]] was candidate  to receive prize of the  year book in Iran. The book was considered among the best books in the last 50 years on Persian Gulf issues in Iran.
A documentary film titled ''Persian Gulf's Name in the Course of History'' has been filmed, mainly based on this book.
<ref name=" japan.mfa.gov.ir ">[https://japan.mfa.gov.ir/en/newsview/536034 Embassy of the Islamic Republic of Iran - Tokyo- A book and atlas]</ref> Part of the book was published in the website  the [[UNGEGN]].[http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/ungegn/docs/23-gegn/wp/gegn23wp61.pdf]
The book has 6 chapters.
[[File:Middle east.jpg|thumb|Middle eastDocuments on the Persian Gulf's name . Cover 2009Edition.jpg|thumb|Documents on the Persian Gulf's name . Cover 2009Edition]]
This book was first published online in 2001.then was published in 2004 in color and a newer version of it was released in 2009. The contents of this book have been repeatedly published in the Persian media. According to the suggestion of this book, the Persian Gulf National Day was registered by the Iranian government in 2005.[https://japan.mfa.gov.ir/en/newsview/536034]
* A summary of the book had been published on the UN website in 2006   under the title:<ref name="unstats.un.org">United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names [http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/ungegn/docs/23-gegn/wp/gegn23wp61.pdf Working Paper No. 61], 23rd Session, Vienna, 28 March – 4 April 2006. Retrieved October 9, 2010.</ref> A glance at the Historical, Geographical and Legal Validity of the term. The 2006 UN report prepared by a panel of experts regarding the names
<ref name="www.mei.org.in">United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names [http://www.mei.org.in/archives-occassional-paper/the-persian-gulf--historical-geographical-and-legal-validity-of-the-name/issue-no-22/united-nati MEI: Issue No. 22 : Occasional Paper],</ref>
part of the book also had been included  in the book “Persian  Gulf"  by Javad Nourouzi and published into 10 languages : [[Persian language|Persian]],[[Arabic language| Arabic]], [[English language|English]], [[French language|French]], [[German language|German]], [[Italian language|Italian]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]], [[Russian language|Russian]], [[Chinese language|Chinese]] and [[Urdu]]
* also a famous documentary film titled Persian Gulf, in the Course of  History by  Orod Atarpour has been produced  and broadcasted in IRIB TV and Press TV mainly based on the document of this book.
* VOA [[Voice of America]] in a documentary named Citizen Observer | roots of the name of the Persian Gulf in historical documents had used several maps and document from this book.
<ref name="VOA documentary">.voanews.com [https://ir.voanews.com/a/4925054.html], VOA documentary named "Roots of the name of the Persian Gulf in historical documents.May 20, 2019.</ref>
==Chapter one==
[[File:Map of persia.jpg|thumb| cover of first edition of the Book 2004]]
The first chapter covers geographical and political issues of the Persian Gulf, historical recorded documents on the "Persian Gulf" name, the recent Persian Gulf naming dispute, and the 3 Islands.

1-1 The records and description of the Persian Gulf by early [[Travelers]] and [[Geographers]], including written description by Muslim travelers and [[Europe]]an geographers.

Recorded  the 300  historians, travelers and geographers of  the Middle Ages, especially those writing in Arabic and Persian from the 9th to the 15th century. According to the book “Documents on the Persian Gulf's Name, the Eternal Heritage of Ancient Time,” the term Persian Gulf and its equivalents have been used continuously since 400&nbsp;BC in all languages, especially in the Arabic language.
<ref name="tehrantimes.com">{{cite news|title=From rich history to security depth |url=https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/447346/Persian-Gulf-From-rich-history-to-security-depth
|work=times|archive-url=https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/447346/Persian-Gulf-From-rich-history-to-security-depth
|archive-date=April 29.2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
On almost all maps printed before 1960, and in most modern international treaties, documents and maps, this body of water is known by the name "Persian Gulf."
Following British attempts to control the seaway in the late 1830s, the ''Times Journal'', published in London in 1840, referred to the Persian Gulf as the "Britain Sea", but this name was never used in any other context.
==Chapter two==
* part 1: talks about the different [[Names of Iran]] from [[500 BC]] till now.especially the name [[Iran]] and [[Persia]].
* part 2: discusses [[maps]], [[atlases]], and history of [[map]]s. and documents about Persian Gulf in different era since Alexander the great, page 52-92. and also some famous contract and treaties which mentioned the Persian Gulf.
[[File:ALKHALEEJ ALFARSI 1952.jpg|thumb|Saudi map of Persian Gulf]]
[[File:Cairo street.persian gulf.jpg|thumb|a street in Cairo Persian gulf]]
page 98 -122 explain some of the most important historical atlases which have the Persian Gulf name such as:
# - Atlas  ''The Arabian Peninsula in Old European Maps'' (253 maps) by Khaled Al Ankary, Institute du Monde Arabe,Paris and Tunisia University,2001.all 253 maps of  this atlas have been printed in color and 3 languages and have the correct name of Persian gulf.[http://www.mei.org.in/archives-occassional-paper/the-persian-gulf--historical-geographical-and-legal-validity-of-the-name/issue-no-22/united-nati MEI: Issue No. 22 : Occassional Paper] <ref name="parssea.org">{{cite web|publisher=maps and documents|url=http://parssea.org/?p=114|title=Legal Validity of the term : Persian Gulf|accessdate=2020-02-22}}</ref>
# part 2: page 170-216 ,view points of those defending  the name and says any change in geographical names should consider the facts as :
# . Historical & geographical facts and 2500 years continuous use of the term in all languages.
On almost all maps printed before 1960, and in most modern international treaties, documents and maps, this body of water is known as"[[Persian Gulf]]" or equivalent.
#  Contracts and legal and geographical facts in Arabic texts. all Arabs letter and contracts before 1960 used the name as Persian Gulf(خلیج فارس).
===United Nations Document ===
According to the book (Documents on the Persian Gulf's) pages ( 92–98), the [[United Nations Secretariat]] and [[List of specialized agencies of the United Nations|its specialized agencies]] have requested its staff many times to use only "Persian Gulf" as a standard geographical designation.
The [[United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names]] discussed the naming issue during its 23rd session, held in Vienna from 28 March to 4 April 2006. According to the report of the meeting, "It is interesting that from among 6000 existing historical maps published up to 1890, there are only three maps mentioning the names of Basreh Gulf, Ghatif Gulf, and Arabic Gulf, which are in fact bays but in local language both the bays and the gulf  is called khaleej(Gulf) but such names are not applied to the entirety of the Persian Gulf. It is obvious that the promotional use by the Arabs of the three aforementioned maps, whose identity and originality are not clear, in comparison with 6000 maps and more than 200 historical and tourism books from Irastus to Herodotus to Estakhri and Ibn Houghal, who have all called the water body, Persian Gulf, shall lack any value."<ref name = "UN2">page170 of the book and also Working Paper No. 61, UN Group of Experts on Geographical Names,2006.
[https://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/UNGEGN/docs/23-gegn/wp/gegn23wp61.pdf].</ref>
The United Nations has 8 times  stated in its statements, amendments and resolutions that the name "Persian Gulf" is official, and called on the staff of the Secretariat and other affiliated organizations to use the full name of the Persian Gulf in official correspondence. some of the enlistments are as follow:
[[File:UN Persian Gulf.jpg|thumb|UN Persian Gulf]]
[https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/LTD/N94/332/24/PDF/N9433224.pdf?OpenElement Official Documents System - Home Page]
# Circular No. CAB/1/87/63 dated 16.02.1987 of Managing Director of UNESCO.
# ST/CSSER/29 dated Jan. 10, 1990.
# AD/311/1/GEN dated March 5, 1991.
# ST/CS/SER.A/29/Add.1 dated Jan. 24, 1992.
# ST/CS/SER.A/29/Add.2 dated Aug. 18, 1994.[https://undocs.org/ST/CS/SER.A/29/ADD.2 ST/CS/SER.A/29/ADD.2 - E - ST/CS/SER.A/29/ADD.2]
# ST/CS/SER.A/29/Rev.1 dated May 14, 1999. UN [http://dd.dgacm.org/editorialmanual/ed-guidelines/policy_questions/st_cs_ser-a_29_rev1.pdf]  UNSC in Arabic  [http://webtv.un.org/live-now/watch/ant%C3%B3nio-guterres-un-secretary-general-on-the-situation-in-the-persian-gulf-region/6203217702001/?term=]
# 2008 ,4 April UN. Department of Economic and Social Affairs(DESA)
# ST/CS/SER.A/29/Add.۲ (UN)<ref>[http://daccess-ods.un.org/access.nsf/Get?Open&DS=ST/CS/SER.A/29/Add.2&Lang=E Use of the term "Persian Gulf" / prepared by Editorial Control (ST/CS/SER.A/29/Add.2)], ''UN New York'', [[۱۸ اوت|August 18]]. |1994, Accessed [[February ۲۴]].</ref>
# Resolution.S/RES/2182 (2014) Para 15 [https://undocs.org/en/S/RES/2182%20(2014) S/RES/2182%20(2014) - E - S/RES/2182%20(2014)]
# A/RES/51/21 4 December 1996 RESOLUTION ADOPTED BY THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY Para 3.[https://undocs.org/en/A/RES/51/21 A/RES/51/21 - E - A/RES/51/21]
# Documents-dds-ny.un.org UNLA 1984
# Documents UNAD 311/Qen [[۱۹۷۱ march5|1971]]
# UN's maps [[Asia]]، map No 3978 ( 2007)<ref>[http://www.un.org/depts/dhl/maplib/docs/escwa.pdf  UN.MAPS ۳۹۷۸ UN]، ۱۹۹۷</ref>
# No 3891 UN (2004Jan)<ref>[http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/map/profile/iran.pdf UN.MAPS ۳۸۹۱ un]</ref>
# UN map Asia No 3978 .1998).<ref>[http://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/map/profile/westasia.pdf unا، شماره ۳۹۷۸ سازمان ملل متحد]</ref><ref name="parssea.org" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://japan.mfa.gov.ir/en/newsview/536034|title=A book and atlas|publisher=Parssea|date=2014-01-21|accessdate=2020-02-22}}</ref> The report further notes that "any change, destruction, or alteration of the names registered in historical deeds and maps is like the destruction of ancient works and is considered as an improper action. Therefore, the names of geographical features profiting from a unique historical identity, should not be utilized as political instruments in reaching a political, tribal, and racial objective, or in any clash with national interests and other's values".
The [[International Hydrographic Organization]] (IHO), an international body for provision of hydrographic information for worldwide marine navigation and other purposes, uses the name "Gulf of Iran (Persian Gulf)" for this body of water, in its standard S-23 (Limits of Oceans and Seas), section 41, published in 1953.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iho.int/iho_pubs/standard/S-23/S-23_Ed3_1953_EN.pdf|title=Limits of Oceans and Seas, 3rd Edition|year=1953|publisher=[[International Hydrographic Organization]]|accessdate=11 June 2013|page=21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111008191433/http://www.iho.int/iho_pubs/standard/S-23/S-23_Ed3_1953_EN.pdf|archive-date=8 October 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>
The [[United States]] National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency GEOnet Names Server (GNS) is the "official repository of standard spellings of all foreign place names"  The GNS lists "Persian Gulf" as the ''Conventional'' name.
"<ref name = "UN">page170 of the book and also Working Paper No. 61, UN Group of Experts on Geographical Names,2006.[https://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/UNGEGN/docs/23-gegn/wp/gegn23wp61.pdf].</ref>

==Viewpoint of Iran‌ (Persia)==
[[Iran]] uses only [[Persian Gulf]] since 1980S Some atlases and media outlets have taken to referring to it as"The Gulf" without adjective. Iran does not consider this an impartial usage and views it as the ignore of the historical and legal facts.
[[Mahmoud Ahmadinejad]] made a speech to the United Nations General Assembly during which he said that the only correct name of the sea between Iran and the Arabian peninsula was the Persian Gulf, and he dismissed the use of any other names as “illegitimate and void.Iran officially designated 30 April as [[National Persian Gulf Day]]. The date coincides with the anniversary of [[Abbas I of Persia]]'s successful military campaign when the [[Portuguese navy]] was driven out of the [[Strait of Hormuz]] in the [[Capture of Hormuz (1622)]]. The decision was taken by the [[Iranian Cultural Revolution|High Council of Cultural Revolution]],  noting that the campaign launched in 2009 by certain Arab states to rename Persian Gulf was the driver behind the decision.
==Confession of Arabs scholars ==
Pages 126 to 146 of the book contain material and quotes about the confession of many contemporary Arab leaders and elites about the legitimacy of the name of the Persian Gulf.
[[Gamal Abdel Nasser]] and other Arabs leaders were using the Persian gulf. Abdel Khaleq al-Janabi, a Saudi Arabian historian, said "It's this name [Persian Gulf] that has been retained by history books and Arab historians, like [[Ibn Khaldoun]] and [[Ibn al Athir]]. It's also in treaties signed between the governors of the gulf and the British who dominated the region from the beginning of the 20th century ... From a scientific and historical point of view, it has been called the Persian Gulf since [[Alexander the Great]]".  He said that it was "without foundation" to claim the Romans named it "Arabian Gulf". "Things didn't change until [[Gamal Abdel Nasser|Nasser]] came to power and the rise of Arab nationalism. The Arabs then began to use the name 'Arabian Gulf{{Single double}}, he added.<ref name="France 24 16.6.2010">[https://web.archive.org/web/20150714171045/http://observers.france24.com/content/20100616-web-controversy-persian-gulf-or-arabian-gulf-iran] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714171045/http://observers.france24.com/content/20100616-web-controversy-persian-gulf-or-arabian-gulf-iran |date=2015-07-14 }}. France 24. 16 June 2010. Retrieved 11 June 2012.</ref>
And many prominent scholars and political and religious leaders such as Professor [[Abdelhadi Tazi]], Ahmad al-Saraf,  [[Abdelilah Benkirane]] (Prime Minister of 2011-2013 Morocco), Abdul Monem Saeed, Abdul Khaliq al-Janabi,  Qaradawi, Gen. Majdi Omar, Former First Deputy of the Egyptian National Defense Council in recent decades have commented on the authenticity of the name of the Persian Gulf and the lack of justification for changing the name.
<ref>[https://japan.mfa.gov.ir/en/newsview/536033  Documents on the Persian Gulf's name the eternal heritage ancient time page 75.<!--->]</ref>
==Chapter three==
chapter3 part one: page 142-155 .talk about  viewpoints of Arabs:
# Arabs countries around the Gulf have the right to name it according to what fit to them.
# Pliny the Elder, Natural History (Pliny) had mentioned it as Persian gulf or Arabian gulf?
* part 2 page 170-216 .view points of those defending  the historical name and says any change in geographical names should consider the facts as :
# Historical & Geographical facts and 2500 years continuous Universal use of the term in all languages.
On almost all maps printed before 1960, and in most modern international treaties, documents and maps, this body of water is known as"[[Persian Gulf]]" or equivalent.
# Contracts and legal and geographical facts in Arabic texts.　all Arabs letter and contracts before 1960 used the name as Persian gulf(خلیج فارس).
According to the pages(92–98), the [[United Nations Secretariat]] and specialized agencies of the United Nations agencies have requested its staff many times to use only "Persian Gulf" as a standard geographical designation. 
*Chapter 3 also discusses the history of falsification of the name of the Persian Gulf.  In this chapter, the role of Arab nationalist leaders - the role of religious leaders - the role of the Arab media is examined.
and focus on the controversy between Iran and Arab countries and how it developed.
Mentions other names used by other countries and throughout history.


==Chapter four ==
{{empty section|date=June 2013}}
part 7 page 87 is about British control and colonialist time of controlling the Persian gulf . Portuguese, Netherlands and British.
For about 200 years, from 1763 until 1971, the [[United Kingdom]] kept some control over some of the Persian Gulf lands. The lands were current states of the [[United Arab Emirates]] and at various times [[Bahrain]], [[Kuwait]], [[Oman]], and [[Qatar]].
[[File:Persian gulf in Iraqi carpet 1970.jpg|thumb|Persian gulf in Iraqi carpet 1970]] printed in the Book's Documents.
==Chapter five ==
*Differentiation between  Indian Ocean, Persian Sea and Persian Gulf and Oman sea/gulf. 
In ancient times usually persian were considering there is a long sea all around the world called(Mohit) the Ocean and from this long round ocean separate two large sea called Persian sea and (Rum ) Mediterranean sea. even in Quran it mentions 2 seas (Bahrain). some other geographer mentioned the world has 7 seas and the most important seas are : Bahr Mohit (ocean) , Persian sea ,Mediterranean sea , Africa sea (Habasha) and china sea.

==Erythraean sea ==
In the old time The Indian ocean and Arabian sea historically and geographically has been referred to with different names by Turks, Persian and Arabs, and others. According to the the book of [[Wilfred Harvey Schoff]] The name of the Erythraean Sea.-By WILFRED H. - jstor1913, [https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/592840.pdf] oldest text which tells about [[Erythraean Sea]] was [[Herodotus]] (484-425BC) after him others also mentioned the name until 18 century [[Herodotus]] was telling about the sea from Babylon to the east toward (India) it means current Arabian sea and gulf of Oman . but later the total part of Indian ocean was called [[Erythraean Sea]], in “the Voyage around the Erythraean” first century  called all north part of  [[Indian ocean]] as [[Erythraean Sea]] and also  mentioned the Persian Sea, in para33-34-35.[https://web.archive.org/web/20131202223335/http://www.scribd.com/doc/8583367/The-Periplus-of-the-Erythraean-Sea],<ref name=Periplus>{{cite web|url=http://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/texts/periplus/periplus.html|title=The Voyage around the Erythraean Sea.para33-35|work=washington.edu}}</ref> .also  in the book  the sea of Erythraeo  by [[Agatharchides]] it of the [[Erythraean Sea]] and then this term applied by Greek and Roman geographers to the Indian Ocean until 18 century and the term was including its adjuncts, the Red Sea and the Persian sea(Gulf) and [[Arabian Sea]] . Erythra means Red, but we are assured by [[Agatharchides]] that it means, not Red Sea, but Sea of King Erythras, following a Persian legend and the island of Erythra. according to the The Histories of [[Herodotus]] book 7 page 785 [[Sumerian]] and [[Akkadian]] were calling the Persians as Arthaians (Artaioi) or Erythraean. most probably related to the [[Aratta]]  [https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/592840.pdf]  [https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Periplus_of_the_Erythraean_Sea/Notes].[https://archive.org/details/geographigraeci03mlgoog/page/n1/mode/1up?view=theater] and Pliny in Natural History 6.96-111. (On India) wrote : XXVIII.(107) Moreover in this region the Erythraean sea then makes a double inroad, into the land; the name given to it by our countrymen is the Red Sea, while the Greeks call it Erythrum, from King Erythras a persian name [https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/ancient/pliny-india.asp],related to the [[Ṛta]] , [[Hr̥tás]],the "truth" and the Sun wheel .and [[Aratta]] also has a relation with this words.

==Persian sea==
Expert of Geography and cartography in medieval Islam, usually  named it as Persian sea a  vast sea from  Vak Vak island (including Thailand coast and Andaman sea to the west Basra bay and to the red sea. some of them called all body of water in north Indian ocean as the Persian sea (Bahre Fars)  and the south part as Erythraean sea European geographers and travelers, also Differentiated   between Persian sea and Persian Gulf and Indian ocean.
geographers in medieval Islam were using the word Bahre Fars بحر فارس ([[Persian sea]]) to mention the current body of water in the north of [[Indian Ocean]], In the Book Documents on the Persian Gulf's name,  Pages 60 to 84 explained  the description of the Persian Sea in the 40  books of Muslims from 10 to 18 centuries . they called the seas of south part of Iran, Indian subcontinent and the Arabian Peninsula  as the [[Persian Sea]], sometimes Indian sea and rarely Macran or Makaran , and [[Oman sea]] among the scholars:
Ibn Khordadbeh,  Muhammad al-Idrisi, Istakhri, Mahmud, al-Khwarizmi , Zakariya al-Qazwini, Al-Masudi , Ibn Hawqal,  Ibn al-Faqih, Ibn Rustah, Sohrab, Ramhormozi, Farisi al Istakhri,Tahir al-Maqdisi (d. 966), Ibn Khaldun, Mohammad ibn Najub Bekiran, Abu Rayhan Biruni, Yaqut al-Hamawi,Abu'l-Fida, Al-Dimashqi, Hamdollah Mostowfi, Al-Nuwayri, Ibn Batutta,Katip Çelebi have used the terms, "Bahr-i Mohit i Ajam",  "Bahr-i-Fars", (Persian sea), and "Bahr-i Mokaran/Mecran", "Bahr-e Al Akhzar" (green) to refer to the current Arabian sea. None of them used the term Arabian sea.
the book cited  description of the Persian sea from the book (Sourat Ard)Face of the Earth page 42 Written by Ibn Hawql: ”  … after Arabs lands should be mentioned The Sea of Persia because Persian sea includes most of Arabs borders, the Arab peninsula  are connected to this sea ,the Persian  sea connected  to many countries of Islam. this sea  start from  the Qulzam(Red sea ) it ends to Eble (Basra bay), then It crosses Siraf (Bushehr) then extends to the Hormuz and  Macran  and the coasts of Multan, which is the coasts of Sindh (Pakistan) which the boundaries  of the countries  of Islam is ended then the Persian sea continues to the coasts of India finally in east it connect to  the sea of China”. [https://al-maktaba.org/book/11780/47]  
at least 40 Muslim geographers explained  Persian sea, they were considering the world only have 7 seas and the vast sea was Persian sea and Rum sea. they did not mentioned [[Arabian Sea]] at all  this name first used by European cartographer of 17 century .<ref name=PGSC>{{cite web|url=http://www.persiangulfstudies.com/en/index.asp?P=NEWSVIEW&ID=149|title=Introducing a Book and Atlas|work=PGSC}}</ref> another name was [[makran sea]] this name was used mostly by Muslims. Macaran or Makaran (most probably related to [[Diety]] called [[Makara]] Persian plural is Makaran ,in English this Crocodile is called [[Mugger crocodile]])  or maybe have root in Persian word Mahikhoran(fish eater).  

==Chapter six Documents ==
part 11 is about important Documents, Maps and Pictures on the museums and archives in different countries .[https://web.archive.org/web/20200220031503/http://parssea.org/?p=724] also answers to the question of those say the names should change.
{{empty section|date=June 2013}}
[[File:Basra bahrefars.jpg|thumb|Persian Gulf's name in[[Ottoman Empire]] ]] Basra BahreFars(Persian Gulf's name in the time [[Ottoman Empire]] official map printed in the Book's Documents section.[https://japan.mfa.gov.ir/files/en329/1729نقشه%E2%80%8Cی%20تاریخی%20%20عثمانی%20ایران.pdf]
[https://web.archive.org/web/20200625043646/http://parssea.org/?s=%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B4%D9%87+%D9%87%D8%A7]


==Gallery Documents from the Book==
Some of the historical maps and documents Which is introduced in this book.[https://www.flickr.com/photos/54400702@N07/ 3d pan white] - [https://japan.mfa.gov.ir/en/newsview/536033 Embassy of the Islamic Republic of Iran - Tokyo- Introducing a Book and Atlas]
<gallery>
File:Asia in the shape of the mythical winged horse Pegasus..jpg|Sinus Persicus and the Mare Persicum 
File:Basra-ps64.JPG|Map of Persian Gulf
File:1729persian gulf.jpg|1729persian gulf
File:Map of the Achaemenid Empire.jpg|Map of the Achaemenid Empire
File:Map of the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea.jpg|Map of the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea
File:Khaleej ajam.jpg|Gulf of [[Ajam]]
File:Stylized Persian Gulf.jpg|1200AD Persian Gulf
File:Map of persia.jpg|Persian Gulf 1747
File:Persian(IRAN) Empire 1747.jpg|Persian Gulf1747
File:Saudi King letterPERSIAN GULF.jpg|Saudi King letter PERSIAN GULF
File:ALKHALEEJ ALFARSI 1952.jpg|Saudi map of Persian Gulf
File:UN Persian Gulf.jpg|[[UN]] Persian Gulf
File:Persian gulf in Iraqi carpet 1970.jpg|Persian gulf in Iraqi carpet 1970 published in the Book's Documents.
[[File:Persian Gulf by Gamal Abdel Nasser.jpg|Persian Gulf by Gamal Abdel Nasser]] printed in the Book's Documents .
File:Basra bahrefars.jpg|turkey: BahreFars(Persian Gulf) in the time [[Ottoman Empire]] official map printed in the Book's Documents section.
File:Baylonianmaps.JPG|world in a Babylonian map and Persian gulf
File:Cairo street.persian gulf.jpg|A street in Cairo named Persian gulf 1958
File:Heinrich Kiepert. Imperia Persarum et Macedonum. 1903.jpg|Heinrich. Persian Gulf 1903
File:Soulier, E.; Andriveau-Goujon, J. Anciens Empires Jusqua Alexandre. 1838.jpg| 1838
File:Karte Pomponius Mela rotated.jpg|An [[Pomponius Mela]] 43 AD.Map of Persian Gulf
File:Ptolemy Cosmographia 1467 - Arabian peninsula.jpg| [[Ptolemy]]'s Map of Persian Gulf  1467
File:Mappa di Eratostene.jpg| 194 BC [[Eratosthenes]] Persian Gulf
File:Istakhri map 2.jpg|Regional 1200 Map of Persian Gulf [[Istakhri]]
File:Ottoman Asia (partial, 1893).jpg|1893 Map of Persian Gulf [[Ajam]]"
File:Saudi map of Persian gulf 1952.jpg|Map of Persian Gulf  1952 ({{lang|ar|الخليج الفارسي}}).
File:Map of Persial Gulf- Amsterdam-1640.jpg|Map of Persian Gulf 1640
File:Map of the region bounded by the Saudi Peninsula, Red Sea.jpg| Jacob van Merus, 1680,Map of Persian Gulf  Amesterdam
File:Regno di Persia con le notitie delle ... Publication Date 1679 Scarce map extending from the Eufrate to the Indo.Showing major rivers, mountains and cities. From Il Mercurio Geografico, printed by De Rossi.jpg| 1679
File:Perse Turquie Asiatique et Arabie old map Desnos 1766.jpg|Persian Gulf  1766
File:Persian Gulf antique map La Perse Bellin 1764.jpg|Map of Persian Gulf  1764
File:Persia Sive Sophorum regnum Old map Persia Merian 1638.jpg| 1638 Persian. G
File:Jansson's map of Persia..jpg|Amsterdam  Persian Gulf  1640
File:Amsterdam1685..jpg|Map of Persian Gulf  1700
File:Detailed map of Asia..jpg|Nuremberg / 1744 . Persian Gulf
File:Published in Amsterdam.png|by Nicholas Visscher the Elder.1670.
File:A.K. Johnston -1850-Edinburg.jpg|A.K. Johnston -1850
File:George Rollos 1770 London.jpg| in london1770
File:Guillaume de L'Isle - 1731- Paris.jpg| in paris- 1731.
File:J. Rapkin , Published by Tallis.-1851-london.jpg|1851-persian gulf
File:Location of Persian gulf and Arabian gulf by Janssonius, Joannes- 1640-Amsterdam.jpg|the Persian Gulf1640
File:Mercator, Belgium, 1578.jpg|Mercator, Belgium, 1578
File:Robert- 1760- Paris.jpg| 1760 Paris
File:V. Levasseur - Paris- 1838.jpg|- 1838.
File:Strassbourg 1525 by Lorenz (Laurent) Fries.jpg|Strasbourg  1525 Map of Persian Gulf
File:Rigobert Bonne- 1771 Paris.jpg|Rigobert Bonne- 1771 
File:Nova Orbis Tabula In Lucem Edita, A.F.de Wit..jpg| Amsterdam-1680 Map of Persian Gulf
File:Typus Orbis A Ptol. Descriptus.jpg|-1542
File:Mappe Monde Carte Universelle de la Terre Dressee Sur les Relations les plus nouvelles.jpg|Map of Persian Gulf -1755
File:Persia, Caspian Sea, done by ye Czar, and Part of Independent Tartary.jpg|Map of Persian Gulf
File:Middle East Antique map Babylon Assyriens Philippe 1787.jpg|Map of Persian Gulf 1787
File:Persia Kingdom Ormus Strait Hormuz Old plan Bellin 1756.jpg|Map of Persian Gulf 1756.
File:Persian Empire Abraham Ortelius.jpg|thumb|Persian G .by Abraham Ortelius
File:1983 &quot;The Week of Ecology&quot; stamp of Iran.jpg|thumb|1983 stamp of Iran
File:Die Stadt Hormus am Eingang zum Persischen Golf 1572.jpg|thumb|Die Stadt Hormus am Eingang zum Persischen Golf 1572
File:Fars-Korfezi.jpg|thumb|Fars-Korfezi(persian gulf)
File:Fortress of Ormuz- Plans of Plazas and Forts of Portuguese Possessions in Asia and Africa WDL1058.png|thumb|Fortress of Ormuz-Forts of Portuguese in Asia and Africa 1058
File:Persian Gulf gathering (1962) stamp.jpg|thumb|Persian Gulf (1962) stamp
File:Persian Gulf antique map La Perse Bellin 1764.jpg|thumb|La-Perse
File:Kingdoms of Persia and Georgia..jpg|thumb|Kingdoms of Persia and Georgia 
File:Persian Gulf WDL11771.pdf|thumb|Persian Gulf 
File:PersianArGulf.JPG|thumb|Persian Gulf
File:Trafficking goods by exchange, group of Persian Shepherds Wellcome L0037789.jpg|thumb|Trafficking goods by exchange, group of Persian Shepherds.
File:Pieter van der Aa - map of Red Sea.jpg|thumb|Pieter van der Aa - map of Red Sea
File:Jamal Abdel Nasser voice mentioned the name &quot;Persian gulf&quot; in Arabic.ogg|thumb|Jamal Abdel Nasser voice mentioned the name &quot;Persian gulf&quot; in Arabic
File:ETH-BIB-Hafen von Buschehr-Persienflug 1924-1925-LBS MH02-02-0212-AL-FL.tif|thumb|Busher Iran port1924-1925-
File:Persian Gulf relief location map.png|thumb|Persian Gulf location map
File:Japanese Map of Saudi Arabia.jpg|Japanese Map of Persian Gulf 1874
File:Mappa di Eratostene.jpg|thumb|Map by Eratostene
File:MacedonEmpire.jpg|thumb|MacedonEmpire
File:Map achaemenid empire en.png|thumb|Persian gulf in Achaemenid Empire
File:Persian GULF Saudi king abdolAziz 1929- ۱۳۴۷.jpg|thumb|Persian Gulf Saudi king AbdolAziz 1929- ۱۳۴۷
File:ImperioSasánidaCosroesII(pal).png|thumb|ImperioSasánidaCosroesII(pal)
File:1658 Jansson Map of the Indian Ocean (Erythrean Sea) in Antiquity - Geographicus - ErythraeanSea-jansson-1658.jpg|thumb|1658 Jansson Map of the Indian Ocean (Erythrean Sea) 
File:The western part of the Indian Ocean, by Vincenzo Maria Coronelli, 1693, from his system of global gores the south.jpg|thumb|The western part of the Indian Ocean,1693 
File:Resized-inu-afrmap-4004357-recto-master.png|thumb|Persia- Arabia- Africa
File:Jonah and the Whale, Folio from a Jami al-Tavarikh (Compendium of Chronicles).jpg|thumb|Jonah in the Persian Sea, A page from the [[Jami' al-tawarikh]]
File:1794 Anville Map of the Ancient World - Geographicus - AncientWorld-anville-1794.jpg|thumb|1794 old map Erythraean Sea
File:Makran.makoran pars1744 Amesterdam.jpg|thumb|Makaran.Makoran 1744 
File:1724 De L'Isle Map of Persia (Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan) - Geographicus - Persia-delisle-1724.jpg|thumb|1724 Map of Persia. (Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan) 
File:World Map 1689.JPG|thumb|World Map 1689
File:Cantino planisphere (1502).jpg|thumb|world map,1502
File:Caverio Map circa 1506.jpg|Map (c.1505)
File:Ptolemy-World Vat Urb 82.jpg|Persian Gulf on The oldest surviving [[Ptolemy's world map|Ptolemaic world map]], around 1300.
File:FraMauroDetailedMapInverted.jpg|1459
File:Periplous of the Erythraean Sea.svg|thumb|Periplus of the Erythraean Sea
File:PeriplusAncientMap.jpg|thumb|Periplus Ancient Map
File:Elam Map-en.svg|thumb|Elam Map
File:Rennel map 1799.png|thumb|Erythraean Sea 1799
File:Iran provinces in Abbasid Caliphate.jpg|thumb|Makaran or Makoran by persi [[Percy Sykes]] 
File:MacedonEmpire-2.jpg|thumb|MacedonEmpire
File:Persian Empire, 490 BC.gif|thumb|Persian Empire, 490 BC 
File:Jomann Imperium Periscum.jpg|thumb|Jomann Imperium Periscum
File:Partage de l'Inde.svg|thumb|Partage de l'Inde
File:Justinian Byzanz.png|thumb|Justinian Byzanz
File:WKshatrapas.jpg|thumb|WKshatrapas
File:Periplus World Map.jpg|thumb|Periplus World Map
File:Ptolemy Cosmographia 1467 - India.jpg|thumb|Ptolemy Cosmographia 1467 - India
File:AtlasMiller BNF desplegable Mediterraneo.jpg|thumb|AtlasMiller 1519BNF desplegable Mediterraneo
File:AtlasMiller.india .persian sea.jpg|thumb|AtlasMiller.india .persian sea
File:AtlasMiller BNF OceanoIndico.jpg|thumb|AtlasMiller BNF OceanoIndico
File:MacedonEmpire.jpg|thumb|MacedonEmpire 
File:Carte empire achéménide.png|thumb|Carte empire achéménide
File:Diadochen1.png|thumb|Diadochen1 
File:Map Diadochs-fr.png|thumb|Map Diadochs-fr
File:Carte empire Sassanide.png|thumb|Carte empire Sassanide
File:Alexander den stores rike, Nordisk familjebok.jpg|thumb|Alexander den stores rike, Eritrum
File:Map-alexander-empire.png|thumb|Map-alexander-empire
File:Ottoman Empire 1696 by Jaillot.jpg|thumb|Ottoman Empire 1696 by Jaillot
File:Persian-gulf-dubai-mus.JPG|thumb|Persian-gulf-dubai-mus
File:Kassite Babylonia EN.svg|thumb|Kassi &Persian gulf
File:Moyen Orient 3mil aC.svg|thumb| Dilmun3mil aC
File:Map Iran 1900-en.png| Oman Sea.Qajar dynasty in the 19th century.
File:Iran circa 1000AD.png|thumb|OmanSea. 
File:East-Hem 1200ad.jpg|thumb|East-Hem 1200ad
File:Map of Middle East.png|thumb|Middle East
File:Map of the Ottoman empire in 1916 - Banse Ewald - 1919.jpg|thumb|the Ottoman empire in 1916 .1919
File:Neo-Babylonian Empire.png|thumb| Babylonian Empire
File:Bellin - Karte von der Küste von Arabien c.1745 (crop).png|thumb|Bellin.Persis.c.1745 
File:Map of Ardashir & shapur's campaign.jpg|thumb|Map of Ardashir & shapur's campaign
File:ماریا جیوانی کاسینی رم 1900.jpg|thumb|1900
File:Periplus 100 Pomponius Mela World Map.png|thumb|Periplus 100 Pomponius Mela World Map
File:Buddhista kereskedelmi kapcsolatok I. század hu.png|thumb|Buddhista kereskedelmi kapcsolatok I. század hu
File:Curious Myths p 495 Oannes.jpg|thumb|Curious Myths p 495 Oannes
File:Middle east.jpg|thumb|Middle East
</gallery>

== Related pages ==
* [[Names of Iran]]
* [[Persian Gulf]]
* [[Persian Gulf naming dispute]]
* [[Early world maps]]
* [[List of cartographers]]
* [[Iran]]
* [[Middle East]]
* [[Cartography]]
* [[Maps]]
* [[Persian Inscriptions on Indian Monuments]]
==References==
{{reflist}}

== Other websites ==
*Full word text of the book in Persian wikibooks.(edition 2009)[https://fa.wikibooks.org/wiki/اسناد_نام_خلیج_فارس،_میراثی_کهن_و_جاودان]
* Arabic documents [http://www.persiangulfstudies.com/ar/index.asp?P=NEWSVIEW&ID=97]
* Documents on the Persian Gulf's name [https://japan.mfa.gov.ir/en/newsview/536033 Embassy of the Islamic Republic of Iran - Tokyo- Introducing a Book and Atlas]
* Documents on the Persian Gulf's name [https://japan.mfa.gov.ir/en/newsview/536034 Embassy of the Islamic Republic of Iran - Tokyo- A book and atlas]
* Documents from the book in flickr: [https://www.flickr.com/photos/54272266@N06/6863021370/in/photostream/ 32 historical map of Persian gulf],from the Documents on the Persian Gulf's name.
* Documents from the book in flickr: [https://www.flickr.com/photos/54400702@N07/ 3d pan white]
*Documents from the book [https://www.flickr.com/photos/ajam43/]
* more Maps and documents from this book: [https://web.archive.org/web/20200220031503/http://parssea.org/?p=724]
* Documents from the book in parssea [https://parssea.persianblog.ir/MBK8r4xjpESAQp9jQ019-Documents-on-the-Persian-Gulfs-name-the-eternal-heritage-of-ancient-time-part-2] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627192139/https://parssea.persianblog.ir/MBK8r4xjpESAQp9jQ019-Documents-on-the-Persian-Gulfs-name-the-eternal-heritage-of-ancient-time-part-2 |date=2020-06-27 }}
* What’s in a name? The New York Times [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/13/world/middleeast/persian-gulf-arabian-gulf-iran-saudi-arabia.html]
* Persian Gulf: From rich history to security depth [https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/447346/Persian-Gulf-From-rich-history-to-security-depth Persian Gulf: From rich history to security depth - Tehran Times]
* [http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Documents-on-the-Persian-Gulf's-name-:-the-eternal-heritage-of-ancient-time times of India]
* Documentary film:[https://www.youtube.com/user/IRANgulf1 Documentary film of the Persian Gulf]
* UNGEGN [http://unstats.un.org/unsd/geoinfo/ungegn/docs/23-gegn/wp/gegn23wp61.pdf UNGEGN Working Paper No. 61]
* Voice of America.(voanews.com)VOA documentary [https://web.archive.org/web/20210602021258/https://ir.voanews.com/episode/dydban-shhrwnd-ryshh-nam-khlyj-fars-dr-asnad-w-rwydadhay-tarykhy-3826]
* Documents on the Persian Gulf's name facts  [https://kids.kiddle.co/Documents_on_the_Persian_Gulf%27s_name]  
* Documents PGSC [[Persian Gulf Studies Center]] [http://www.persiangulfstudies.com/en/index.asp?P=NEWSVIEW&ID=149]
*Atlas of geographical maps and historical documents about the Persian Gulf from prehistoric times to the present Published by Sahab Institute of Geography and Cartography , 1971 , and 2005 ,[[Tehran]] .
*Atlas of maps"Description of the Persian Gulf in Historical Maps", the Iranology Foundation,[[Tehran]] , 2008.
*Alteagallery 32 Maps of persian gulf [https://alteagallery.com/list_products.php?location=LOC10000104]
[[Category:2001 books]]
[[Category:2004 books]]
[[Category:2009 books]]
[[Category:Middle East]]
[[Category:Cartography]]
[[Category:History]]