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[[File:Galley.jpg|thumb|Galiota Of Catalan style (small galley)]]
The '''Catalan navy''' - with Catalan ships, Catalan admirals and Catalan crew (not counting the rabble) - under the direct or indirect orders of the counts of Barcelona, represented a reality recognized by the entire Mediterranean from its origins to Fernando the Catholic. In later times ships built and manned on the Catalan coasts, under the authority of non-Catalan kings, for example the kings of Naples, carri(contracted; show full)an the other countries).<ref name="CorominasGulsoy1980">Joan Corominas.</ref><ref>[https://archive.org/download/orgeneshistricos00bala/orgeneshistricos00bala.pdf Josep Balari i Jovany.]</ref> It was a type of [[warship]] and [[trade]] [[Warship|ship]], powered entirely by the power of oars and sometimes by the wind, thanks to the presence of masts with their sails (usually Latin).

At least as of the 12th century, the Catalans built the "Catalan galleys", making 
[[wikt:extensive|extensive]] use of them for wars with the different maritime republics (as enemies or as allies) or for trade with most [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]] ports, guaranteeing trade routes with Catalan consulates. Its use began to decline from the seventeenth century, when they were progressively replaced by [[sailboat]]s, finally [[Sailboat|becoming]] extinct in the late [[18th century|eighteenth century]] .<ref name="Aubin17022">Nicolas (rev) Aubin.</ref>

(contracted; show full)himia e medicina nel Medioevo: Il carmelitano Guglielmo Seda- cer, che si dedica con esaustività alla trattazione alchemica metallurgica e soprattutto valorizza il ruolo del vetro nel suo vasto manuale — la Summa sedacina|last=Chiara Crisciani|year=2003|publisher=SISMEL edizioni del Galluzzo|isbn=978-88-8450-051-9}}</ref><ref name="Vetraria">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QczAWF3S-1sC&pg=PA189|title=L'arte vetraria|last=Antonio Neri|date=1663}}</ref>

==== Charles V of France ====
In an⏎
In an extensive inventory of the things owned by [[Charles V of France]] that were in his place[[wikt:posession|possession]] at the time of his death on September 16, 1380.<ref name="Chandler1985">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hObeAAAAMAAJ&q=Item+ung+grant+orloge+de+mer,+de+deux+grans+fiolles+plains+de+sablon,+en+ung+grant+estuy+de+boys+garny|title=The Time Museum: Time measuring instruments. pt. 1. Astrolabes, astrolabe related instruments|author=Bruce Chandler|author2=Anthony John Turner|date=1985|publisher=The Museum|isbn=978-0-912947-01-3}}</ref> There is an article cited as "heures de naviguer" from the king's study to his castle at Saint Germain in Laye, which is described as follows:<ref name="Rossum1996">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9Za4jdBEVB4C&pg=PA380|title=History of the Hour: Clocks and Modern Temporal Orders|last=Gerhard Dohrn-van Rossum|date=15 June 1996|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-15510-4|page=380}}</ref>

This "orloge de mer" or "heures de naviguer" was sent to him, as a gift. It was, when he was still only a prince (being, therefore, before 1356 when he took the place of his father in prison), by John the hunter, through his aunt Yolanda de Aragón, when Juan asked him for a manuscript by Joan de Mandeville, "to translate it into the Aragonese language". This point is essential to know the language of the original. Becaus, since it does not tell you " ''to translate it into the Catalan language'' ", which was the most important because it was yours - implying that you did not need any translation - on the other hand, if you had in Catalonia a copy in the Catalan language would not have been requested by her aunt, ergo the Yolanda de Aragón manuscript was in Catalan.<ref name="Yolande">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kb3SJxHaTpUC&pg=PA128|title=Johan I D'Arago|date=January 1929|publisher=Institut d'Estudis Catalans|pages=128–|id=GGKEY:8CXSF5T5A0D}}</ref>

The most interesting thingpart of this reference from [[Charles V of France]], is that an Ampoule of hours is defined as "ung grant orloge de mero" ("a great sea watch"), this together with the fact that the first explanation of its use at sea it appears in " the twelfth of the Crestià " (work by M.Llauradó on [[Francesc Eiximenis]] ). Also and that it was given to him by his aunt Yolanda de Aragón. This, suggests that, in this period, the importance of an hourglass was commonly Related to its use at sea and its manufacturing demand, it could have originated from the navigation needs of the [[Crown of Aragon]]. This is, a maritime power of the moment in the Mediterranean.<ref name="Yolande"/><ref name="1409Rogers1988">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-b2jcQAACAAJ|title=A Partial Edition of Francesc Eiximenis' Dotzè Del Crestià (Chs. 1-97)|last=Eiximenis, Francesc (ca. 1340-ca. 1409); Donna Mary Rogers|year=1988|publisher=Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Toronto|isbn=978-0-315-43411-0}}</ref><ref>Diccionari Català Valencià Balear, Alcover-Moll: Rellotge de sorra.</ref> 
[[File:Dotze_Crestia_Valencia_1484.jpg|thumb|Twelfth of the Cristian (Valencia-1484)]]
==== Related quotes ====
* [[Francesc Eiximenis]] in the Twelfth of Crestià spoke of naval warfare and of the discipline and order to be observed on ships. Regarding the measurement of time, he wrote the following:<ref>[http://www.antiblavers.org/galeria/albums/userpics/10223/Dotz%C3%A8_Cresti%C3%A0_Lambert_Palmart_Val%C3%A8ncia_1484-3.pdf#page=81 Dotzè del Crestià, pàg. 81/100]</ref>
* In French galleys no references could be found until the French manuscript Stolonomie from the years 1547-1550. I, where it says that each galley must carry: ". . . Quatres ampoulletes à sablon pour mestré les gardes à heures. . . " . A phrase very similar to the Catalan Eiximenis.
=== Pisano-Catalan Crusade ===
The '''Pisano-Catalan Crusade''' to the [[Balearic Islands]], which at the time was a Muslim taifa, consisted of an expedition in retaliation for the acts of piracy committed by the Muslims who inhabited it, carried out by Ramón Berenguer III and his allies, in 1114. Founded in a treaty of [[1113]] between the Republic of Pisa and the Count of Barcelona, it had the objective of taking the island from the Muslims and preventing the attack and obstruction of the [[convoy]]s and (contracted; show full)
* [http://books.google.cat/books?id=9FL1gDllhg0C&pg=PA266&dq=inventari+rei++cavall&hl=ca&ei=vj6OTMSOKIPBswaoo_j3AQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CFYQ6AEwCTge Rubió and Lluch; Diplomatari del Oriente Catala; p.267 Inventory of a galley]

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[[Category:Disbanded navies]]
[[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]]