Revision 4593290 of "Hukah" on simplewiki

[[Image:Hookah.jpg|right|thumb|[[Egypt]]ian hookah]]
A '''Hukah''' (or '''Hookah''', {{lang-hi|हुक्का}}, {{lang-ur|حقہ}} ''hukka'' or '''shisha''', {{lang-ar|شيشة}}, {{lang-he|''נרגילה'', ''Nargilah''}},  {{lang-tr|nargile}}) is a certain kind of [[water pipe]]. It is often made of glass.  Originally, it came from  [[India]].<ref name="Fumari">{{cite web|url = http://www.fumari.com/hookah-history.html| title = Hookah History|publisher = Fumari|accessdate = 2008-04-08}},</ref><ref name="India Heritage">{{cite web|url = http://www.indiaheritage.org/newlet/dec05.htm| title = Why not learn about the origin of Hookah?|publisher = India Heritage|accessdate = 2008-04-08}}</ref> but it is also popular in other countries, especially in the [[Arab World]].<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica">{{cite web|url =http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/HIG_HOR/HOOKAH_the_English_spelling_of_.html| title = Hookah|publisher = Encyclopædia Britannica|accessdate = 2008-04-08}}</ref><ref name="Hookah Company">{{cite web|url = http://www.hookahcompany.com/hookah_history.htm| title = Hookah History|publisher = Hookah Company|accessdate = 2008-04-08}}</ref> It had gained popularity under the reign of the [[Ottoman Dynasty]]. A hookah operates by water filtration and indirect heat. It can be used for [[smoking]] [[herb]]al [[fruits]].

There are many other names (often of Arab, Indian, Turkish, Uzbek, or Persian origin) for a hookah. '' Arghile'' or ''Nargila'' is the name most commonly used in [[Lebanon]], [[Syria]], [[Iraq]], [[Jordan]],  [[Armenia]], [[Albania]], [[Kosovo]], [[Greece]], [[Turkey]], [[Palestine]], [[Israel]], [[Bulgaria]] and [[Romania]]. The first "n" is often dropped in Arabic. "Narghile" is from the Persian word "nārgil"  or "coconut", from [[Sanskrit]] ''nārikela'' (नारिकेल)--as the original hookahs were made out of coconut shells.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.mymerhaba.com/en/main/content.asp_Q_id_E_1124 | title=Nargile | publisher = mymerhaba }}</ref> ''Shisha'' (شيشة) is from the [[Persian language|Persian]] word ''shishe'' (شیشه, literally translated as ''glass'' and not bottle). The word is primarily used for water pipes in [[Egypt]] and the Arab countries of the Persian Gulf (such as [[Kuwait]], [[Bahrain]], [[Qatar]], [[United Arab Emirates|UAE]], and [[Saudi Arabia]]) as well as [[Morocco]], [[Tunisia]], [[Somalia]] and [[Yemen]]. In [[Iran]] it is called ''ghalyun'' (غلیون), ''ghālyun'' (قالیون), or ''ghalyān'' (قلیان) and in [[India]] and [[Pakistan]] it is referred to as ''huqqa'' (हुक्का /حقہ). The more colloquial terms "hubble-bubble" and "hubbly-bubbly" may be used in the region surrounding the red sea.

The archaic form of this latter Indian name ''hookah'' is most commonly used in English for historical reasons. It was in India that many English-speakers first sampled the effects of the water pipe. [[William Hickey (memoirist)|William Hickey]] wrote in his ''Memoirs'' that shortly after his arrival in [[Kolkata]], [[India]] in 1775:
{{cquote|The most highly-dressed and splendid hookah was prepared for me. I tried it, but did not like it. As after several trials I still found it disagreeable, I with much gravity requested to know whether it was indispensably necessary that I should become a smoker, which was answered with equal gravity, 'Undoubtedly it is, for you might as well be out of the world as out of the fashion. Here everybody uses a hookah, and it is impossible to get on without'.....[I] have frequently heard men declare they would much rather be deprived of their dinner than their hookah.<ref>{{cite book|title=Memoirs of William Hickey|location=London|publisher=Hurst & Blackett|edition=Vol. II|date=1918|pages=p. 136}}</ref>}}

==Health Effects==

A 2005 WHO report states that smoking using a waterpipe poses a serious potential health hazard and is not a safe alternative to cigarette smoking. The average hookah session typically lasts more than 40 minutes, and consists of 50 to 200 inhalations that each range from 0.15 to 0.50 liters of smoke. In an hour-long smoking session of hookah, users consume about 100 to 200 times the volume of smoke of a cigarette.

==References==
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[[Category:Drug paraphernalia]]