Revision 5782682 of "Crònica de Ramon Muntaner" on simplewiki

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[[File:Chronik_des_edlen_en_Ramon_Muntaner_(1844).djvu|thumb|''[https://ca.wikisource.org/wiki/Crònica%20de%20Ramon%20Muntaner CHRONIK DES EDLEN IN RAMON MUNTANER] herausgegeben von Dr. Karl Lanz, 1844'']]
The '''Chronic of Ramon Muntaner''', written in Xirivella between the 1325 and the [[1325|1328]], is the longest of the four big chronic and narra the facts since the engendrament of Jaume the Conqueridor ([[1207]]) until Alfons's  coronation the Benign (1328). It has signalled  his character of «mirror of princes», and of «mirror of citizen».<ref name="gencat1307">«[http://www20.gencat.cat/portal/site/culturacatalana/menuitem.be2bc4cc4c5aec88f94a9710b0c0e1a0/?vgnextoid=b619d5e5d74d6210VgnVCM1000000b0c1e0aRCRD&vgnextchannel=b619d5e5d74d6210VgnVCM1000000b0c1e0aRCRD&vgnextfmt=detall2&contentid=80b7110e279d7210VgnVCM1000008d0c1e0aRCRD Les 4 grans cròniques]».&#x20;</ref>

Explain things that go succeir for real and that he saw and live. Muntaner Employs often the «I was », that underlines his paper of witness, and the data that supplies help to know James I's  period. The writer Joan Carpenter was the main interpreter of the work of this [[Chronicle|mediaeval chronicler]] and his praise is  quite a lot eloqüent.<ref name="laboratori">{{Cite web|url=http://83.247.129.61/portal/site/culturacatalana/menuitem.be2bc4cc4c5aec88f94a9710b0c0e1a0/?vgnextoid=ba1db080776d6210VgnVCM1000000b0c1e0aRCRD&vgnextchannel=ba1db080776d6210VgnVCM1000000b0c1e0aRCRD&vgnextfmt=detall2&contentid=eef37b7f22378210VgnVCM1000008d0c1e0aRCRD&newLang=ca_ES}}</ref>

== Author ==
Ramon Muntaner was born to Peralada the year [[1265|1265.]] It was son of a remarkable family that hostatjà James I the Conqueridor (the 1274, James I goes  to the Concili of Lió and go through Peralada) and Alfons X the Wise person of Castella. This fact, that produced  when were nine years old, was one of the records more preats and mentions him excitedly in the ''Chronic.'' In the same way that in the European novelesque tradition (for example, Chrétien of Troyes), exposes us how the vision of a big hero to eyes of a child is able to change the course of his life. Muntaner Says that James I's  vision when was small brought it to consecrate  as a writer and to explain all what had seen.

The 1285, Peralada was destroyed by the almogàvers during the crusade against the Crown of Aragon and he was obliged to emigrate. When he was twenty years old, Ramon Muntaner took part in the conquest of Menorca; next, it took part in the fight against the French in the War of Sicília, the 1300 in the siege of Messina, beside Flor's Roger and as a administrator of his company. The summer of 1302, initiates under the orders of this cabdill the expedition to Orient. The 1307, leaves the company, and the 1311 marries .

The 1315, has to do a voyage between [[Sicily|Sicília]] and the Rosselló, since it is him commissioned a delicate mission: the one to transport of [[Catania|Catània]] to [[Perpignan|Perpinyà]] an orphan newborn, the future Jaume III of Mallorca, in order to rid it to his grandparents. Of up to here thereof, it withdraws  and mature during ten years his memories, until it had a "dream" developer that drove him, the 1325, to the sixty years, in [[Valencia]], to begin to draft the ''Chronic'', that finished three years next. Muntaner Will die in Ibiza the [[1336]].

== Work ==
Muntaner Had a personal relation with all the kings of the House of Aragon, of the House of Mallorca and of the House of Sicília pertaining to the lineage of the Cultural centre of Barcelona that would be him contemporary. In doing his work, resorted mainly to texts historiogràfics for James I's  reigns and Pere the Big and, from Alfons the Frank, his almost exclusive source is the own experience.

The work was written to be read in high voice. Whenever it addresses  to his "listeners" the only call "gentlemen". Muntaner Achieved to establish a direct communication with his "oïdors". Therefore, it uses procedures joglarescos (how the interrogació "what will say you?"), in addition to using an alive and colloquial language.

The fundamental aim of the work is the one to glorify the kings of the House of Aragon. The monarchism of our chronicler is tightly related with the providencialisme and with the [[Nationalism|nationalism.]] The blood, a common fate and the language (the ''beautiful catalanesc of the world'') are the elements that integrate the base of the Catalan and Aragonese community. It is impossible to find in all the mediaeval Europe nothing that resemble  the national "maturity" of the ''Chronic''.

His life and the adhesion to the dynasty and to the Catalan language, to which expressed an extraordinary devotion, represent the counterweight to the strengths centrípetes in the Catalan national community resulted of the organisation of the lands conquered in new reins (Mallorca, Valencia, Sicília) and, sometimes, of the implantation of a new dynastic branch (Mallorca, Sicília). The consciousness of the danger of the division and of the value of the union the explicità also in his chronic, especially in ''the'' example of it ''kills of jonc''.

With this work, Ramón Muntaner also became the first author in Catalan language to reflect the aspiracions of big part of the Catalan elite for a reunificació Iberian politics, since, in commenting the interview of Ariza between the monarches of the [[Crown of Aragon]] and the Crown of Castella, in which this last proposed to Pere the Big an alliance between them two, the king of Portugal and the one of Mallorca, Muntaner added : "...If these four reys than he appointed of Spain, who are a meat e a blood,  teguessen ensemps, poch duptare everything laltre power of the world".<ref>Margarit i Pau, Joan: ''Paralipomenon Hispaniae libri decem''. </ref><ref>[http://www.lluisvives.com/servlet/SirveObras/jlv/91348064098793506388868/ima0197.htm f.]</ref>

== Contrast between the Chronic of Muntaner and the Chronic of Paquimeres ==
Concerning the Catalan Company of Orient, Ramon Muntaner began to write his chronic the [[1325]], ço is, 17 years after the Byzantine Greek Jordi Paquimeres (''Georgius Paquimeres'') wrote his work ''Of Michaele you Andronico Stickæologis.'' Whereas the work of Paquimeres  offers the Greek vision of the facts, emphasising the atrocities committed by the Company and Flor's Roger until the 1308, the Chronic of Ramon Muntaner is the only western source that relates the facts lived by the Catalan Company of Orient. In some respects, Ramon's  work Muntaner becomes, no only Roger's a glorification of Flor and the Company, but also a contracrònica of the work of Paquimeres, relating some facts that the Greek no menciona, and evading explain done that the Greek author yes that it relates with detail. Some of these facts would be:
* Massacre of the genovesos: Paquimeres affirms that the origin of the massacre initiated  of result of a debt that Flor's Roger did not have saldat with the genovesos, whereas Muntaner no explicita why originated  the clashes.
* Battle of Germe: in spite of treating of a lesser battle, Muntaner does not comment it.
* Summary executions of Germe: Paquimeres explains the barbàrie of Flor's Roger in wanting execute the military Greek that had surrendered the fortress to the Turkish, accusing them of cowardice. Muntaner Does not comment it. 
* Summary executions of Kula: Again, Paquimeres explains the barbàrie of Flor's Roger in wanting execute the military Greek that had surrendered the fortress to the Turkish, accusing them of cowardice. Muntaner Does not comment it. 
* Contributions of war in Philadelphia: Paquimeres explains that, after freeing the city of Philadelphia, Flor's Roger imposed to the city the payment of some contributions of illegal war and abusives. Muntaner Does not comment it.
* Contributions of war to Efes: Paquimeres explains that, after Bernat of Roquefort gathered  with Flor's Roger to [[Ephesus|Efes]], this cometé all ore of atrocities to collect the payment of more contributions of war. Muntaner Does not comment it.
* Siege of Magnèsia: Paquimeres explains that the governor of Magnèsia executed the guarnició of almogàvers that there was protecting the treasure of the Company and goes  apoderar, and resisted next the siege to which the Company subjected the city. Muntaner Does not comment it.
* Figures:  desconeix in which source goes  fonamentar Muntaner for the figures of the armies, deaths, injured and captured, of the battles, that result always favourable to Flor's Roger and to the Catalan Company of Orient.

== Codex and editions ==
The work of Muntaner had big repercussion and diffusion already during the [[14th century]] and the [[15th century|XV]], and was employed, for example, in several passages of the Strut lo White of [[Joanot Martorell|Joanot Martorell.]] It was edited by first turn the {{segle|XVI|s}} {{segle|XVI|s}}, coinciding with a moment of big reviscolament of the historiography; this first edition was attendant and paid by the juries of the city of [[Valencia|Valencia.]] New editions printed produced  during the {{segle|XIX|s}} {{segle|XIX|s}}, during the period of romantic exaltation of the past mediaeval European.<ref>[http://www.pencatala.cat/ctdl/autors_catalans/ramon_muntaner/obra/crnica_13251328.php Crònica (1325-1328)]</ref>

=== Codex ===
* Codex, 1325/1332: Codex To / Ms. K.And.6 = COD K-And-6 / f.1 Real Library of San Lorenzo of The Escorial.
* Codex, 1342: [http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/servlet/SirveObras/46861641323253942754491/ima0004.htm Manuscrito nº. 1803.] [http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/servlet/SirveObras/46861641323253942754491/ima0004.htm National library of España].
* Codex, 1353: [http://mdc.cbuc.cat/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/manuscritBC&CISOPTR=15604&CISOSHOW=15083 Handwritten.] [http://mdc.cbuc.cat/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/manuscritBC&CISOPTR=15604&CISOSHOW=15083 Ms. 4.] [http://mdc.cbuc.cat/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/manuscritBC&CISOPTR=15604&CISOSHOW=15083 Library of Catalonia] (Codex fragmentat, only contains of the chapters 146 to 298).

=== Editions íntegres ===
* 1To Edition, 1558. Valencia. Widowed of Joan Mey Flandro: Chrònica or description of the facts e hazanyes of the ínclyt rey don Jaume First, rey of Aragon, of Mallorques e of Valencia, count of Barcelona e of Muntpesller, e of many of sos downward. Done by lo magnífich in Ramon Muntaner, lo qual served axí to the finger ínclyt rey don Jaume as a sos children e descendants e·s found present to the things contengudes in the present history. 
* 2To Edition, 1562. Barcelona. Jaume Cortey: Chrònica or description of the facts e hazanyes of the ínclyt rey don Jaume First, rey of Aragon, of Mallorques e of Valencia, count of Barcelona e of Muntpesller, e of many of sos downward. ''Done by lo magnífich in Ramon Muntaner, lo qual served axí to the finger ínclyt rey don Jaume as a sos children e descendants e·s found present to the things contengudes in the present history.''
* 3To Edition, 1844. Stuttgrat. Karl F. W. Lanz: ''[[c:File:Chronik des edlen en Ramon Muntaner (1844).djvu|Chronik des edlen In Ramon Muntaner.]]'' ''Chronica, or description of the facts, e hazanyes of the inclyt Rey Don Iaume First e of many of sos downward.''
* 4To Edition, 1860. Barcelona. Antoni Bofarull: ''[http://books.google.cat/books?id=KwAZ55VsDFIC&printsec=frontcover&hl=ca Ramon's Catalan Chronicle Muntaner]''.
* 5To Edition, 1886. Barcelona. Josep Coroleu: ''Chronic''.
* 6To Edition, 1927-1952. Barcelona. Josep Maria Casacuberta, and Miquel Neck and Alentorn. Ed. Barcino: ''Chronic''.
* 7To Edition, 1971. Barcelona. Ferran Soldevila. Ed. Selecta: The Four big chronic: James I, Bernat Desclot, Ramon Muntaner, Pere III.
* 8To Edition, 1973. Barcelona. J. F. Vidal-Jové and Bartomeu Bardagí. Ed. Selecta: ''Chronic''.
* 9To Edition, 1979. Barcelona. Marine Gustà. Editions 62. (Republisings of the 1984, 1985, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1994 and 1998): ''Chronic''.
* 10to Edition, 1999. Valencia. Vicent Josep Escartí. Institution Alfons it Magnànim: ''Crónica''.
* Edition Facsimile 2006. Barcelona. Stefano Maria Cingolani: The Memory of the kings: the four big chronic and the Catalan historiography, since the 10th century until the XIV. ''(Edition facsimile of the four big chronic from his first editions: Joan's the one Mei for the Book of the facts of 1557, Sebastià's the one Cormellas for Bernat's the one Desclot of the 1616, Joan's the one Mei of Ramon Muntaner also of the 1557 and the Chronic of Pere's Spain Marsili edited the 1547 for Carles Loving.)''

=== Editions fragmentàries ===
* 1850. Palma Of Mallorca. Josep Maria Quadrado: ''Conquest of Mallorca''.
* 1878. Nàpols. Enric Cardona: ''Chronic''.
* 1879. Montpellier. Manuel Milà and Fontanals: ''Sermon'' (2to republising 1881).
* 1926. Barcelona. Lluís Nicolau of Olwer: ''The expedition of the Catalans to Orient''.
* 1932. Barcelona. Ramon Alòs-Moner: ''Crestomaties Barcino''.
* 1966. Barcelona. Ramon Sumoy: ''The crusade of France against the Catalans''.
* 1878. Nàpols. Enric Cardona: ''Chronic''.

=== Complete translations or fragmentàries (''(data de la 1a edició)'') ===
* 16th century. Spanish. Miguel Monterde.
* 1827. French. Paris. J. To. C. Buchon.
* 1842. German. Leipzig. (Bilingual German-Catalan). Karl F. W. Lanz: ''Chronik des edlen In Ramon Muntaner.'' Chronica, or description of the facts, e hazanyes of the ''inclyt Rey Don Iaume First e of many of sos downward''.
* 1844. Italian. Florència. Filippo Moïsè.
* 1921. English. London. Lady Goodenough. ''[http://www.yorku.ca/inpar/muntaner_goodenough.pdf Ramon Muntaner Chronicle].''
* 1999. Italian. Nuoro. Giuseppe Meloni - ''Ramon Muntaner'' – ''Pietro IV of Aragona'', The conquista della Sardegna nelle cronache catalane.[http://www.sardegnacultura.it/documenti/7_26_20060401172334.pdf]

== Some exonyms of the chronicle ==
The relations of the Crown of Aragon with other reins and territories gave place, already since the average age, to the creation of big quantity of exònims that nowadays subtract in oblit. To cut of example, some of those that figuren in the ''Chronic'' of Muntaner are:
* ''Cetines'', for [[Athens]], capital of [[Greece]]
* ''Estives'', for [[Thebes, Greece|Thebes]], city of [[Greece]]
* ''Port Jonc'', for Navarino, city of [[Greece]]
* ''Taix'', for Tassos, a Greek island
* ''Saint Jaume of Galicia'', for [[Santiago de Compostela]], capital of [[Galicia (Spain)|Galicia]]
* ''Sibília'', for [[Seville]], capital of [[Andalusia|Andalucia]]
* ''Saragossa Of Sicília'', for [[Syracuse, Sicily|Siracusa]], city of [[Sicily|Sicília]]
* ''Xaca'', for Sciacca, city of [[Sicily|Sicília]]
* Sena, for ''Siena'', city of [[Italy]]
* ''Florença'', for [[Florence|Florència]], city of [[Italy]]
* ''The Goi'', for Gozo, an island of [[Malta]]
* ''Patraix'', for [[Patras|Patres]], city of [[Greece]]
* ''Xifellonia'', for Cefalònia, island of [[Greece]]
* Curfo, for ''Corfu'', island of [[Greece]]
* Brandis, for ''Brindisi'', city of [[Italy]]
* Otrento, for ''Otranto'', city of [[Italy]]
* ''Candia'', current [[Heraclion|Iràklio]], city of [[Crete]]

== References ==
{{referències|2}}

== See also ==
* The four great chronicles
* ''Book of the facts'' of James I
* Chronicle of Bernat Desclot
* Chronicle of Pere Terç

== External links ==
* [http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/servlet/SirveObras/46861641323253942754491/index.htm Manuscript of the] [http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/servlet/SirveObras/46861641323253942754491/index.htm ''Chronic''] [http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/servlet/SirveObras/46861641323253942754491/index.htm of Ramon Muntaner on line].
* On-line version (readable).
* [http://www.yorku.ca/inpar/muntaner_goodenough.pdf ''Chronic''] [http://www.yorku.ca/inpar/muntaner_goodenough.pdf of Ramón Muntaner], translated to the English for Lady Goodenough.
* [http://www.pencatala.cat/ctdl/autors_catalans/ramon_muntaner/bibliografia/obra_editada_de_ramon_muntaner.php Work edited of Ramon Muntaner].