Revision 7970720 of "Libya's Italian language" on simplewiki

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[[File:Meharisti.jpg|thumb|right|300px|1934 stamp in Italian language of Libya's Tripolitania]]
The Libya's Italian language was called '''Libyan Italian''' and was a name given to the [[Italian language]] used in the [[North Africa]]n nation of [[Libya]].

==Background==

Italian language is a legacy of Italian colonial period when Libya was part of "Italian North Africa". Of course it was the language of the Italian settlers in Libya. In 1940 [[Italian Libya]], nearly half the native Libyans were able to speak Italian, but in [[Italian Tripoli]] – and in downtown [[Benghazi]] - nearly all of them were fluent in the [[Dante]] language.

Although it was the primary language since [[Italian Libya|colonial rule]], Italian greatly declined under the [[History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi|rule of Muammar Gaddafi]] who expelled nearly all the [[Italian Libya|Italian colonists]] population (and Italian-educated Libyans who were opposed to Gaddafi’s rule). The Libyan dictator returned [[Arabic language|Arabic]] to be once again the sole official language of the country.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/|title=Breaking News, World News & Multimedia|publisher=}}</ref> 

Nevertheless, Italian is still spoken and understood to some degree by mainly some old people. After the "National Transitional Council" (NTC) has been responsible for the transition of the administration of the governing of Libya, returning Libyan refugees from Italy or [[Switzerland]] and their children who speak Italian introduced the language again in Libya (but only in some limited cities like the capital Tripoli).

{{Quote|''Under the colonial regime, Italian was the language of instruction in schools, but only a scattering of Muslim children attended these institutions. As a consequence, the Italian language did not take root in Libya to the extent that French did elsewhere in North Africa. Nevertheless, the strong wave of nationalism accompanying the 1969 revolution found expression in a campaign designed to elevate the status of the Arabic language. An order was issued requiring that all street signs, shop window notices, signboards, and traffic tickets be written in Arabic. This element of Arabization reached its apogee in 1973, when a decree was passed requiring that passports of persons seeking to enter the country contain the regular personal information in Arabic, a requirement that was strictly enforced.'' U.S. Library of Congress: Libya}}

After the 1990s, practically disappeared the use of Italian language in Libya.

==Language characteristics==
While phonology and intonation are affected by the [[Arabic language]], Libyan Italian is mostly based on the standard European form. The Italian lexicon used in Libya contains many loanwords of Arabic origin, including Islamic terms. Also, Libyan Italian can be seem to resemble the form and structure of Creole based forms of European languages.

Actually some loanwords from the Italian language have been assimilated into the Libyan Arab language<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.academia.edu/9926333/Il_lascito_linguistico_italiano_in_Dodecaneso_Libia_e_corno_d_Africa_L2_pidgin_e_prestiti|title=Il lascito linguistico italiano in Dodecaneso, Libia e corno d’Africa: L2, pidgin e prestiti (p. 40-64)|first=Saul |last=Hoffmann|publisher=}}</ref>. The most important can be read in "List of Libyan Arabic words of Italian origin".

Italian loanwords exist in "Libyan Arabic" mainly, but not exclusively, as a technical jargon. For example, machinery parts, workshop tools, electrical supplies, names of fish species ...etc.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Italian Loanwords
|-
! colspan="3" |Libyan Arabic
! colspan="3" |[[Italian Language|Italian]] 
|-
! style="text-align:center;" | &nbsp;Word&nbsp;
! style="text-align:center;" class="unsortable" | &nbsp;IPA (Western) &nbsp;
! style="text-align:center;" class="unsortable" | &nbsp;IPA (Eastern)&nbsp;
! style="text-align:center;" class="unsortable" | &nbsp;Meaning&nbsp;
! style="text-align:center;" | &nbsp;Word&nbsp;
! style="text-align:center;" class="unsortable" | &nbsp;Meaning&nbsp;
|-
| ṣālīṭa
| {{IPA|[sˤɑːliːtˤa]}}
|
| slope
| salita
| up slope<ref name="WR-salita">{{cite web |title=salita{{Snd}} Dizionario italiano-inglese |url=http://www.wordreference.com/iten/salita#salita115 |website=[[WordReference.com]] |language=it |access-date=28 December 2020}}</ref>
|-
| kinšēllu
| {{IPA|[kənʃeːlːu]}}
|
| metallic gate
| cancello
| gate<ref name="WR-cancello">{{cite web |title=cancello{{Snd}} Dizionario italiano-inglese |url=http://www.wordreference.com/iten/cancello#cancello99 |website=[[WordReference.com]] |language=it |access-date=28 December 2020}}</ref>
|-
| anguli
| {{IPA|[aŋɡuli]}}
|
| corner
| angolo
| corner<ref name="WR-angolo">{{cite web |title=angolo{{Snd}} Dizionario italiano-inglese |url=http://www.wordreference.com/iten/angolo%20#angolo97 |website=[[WordReference.com]] |language=it |access-date=28 December 2020}}</ref>
|-
|ṭānṭa, uṭānṭa
| {{IPA|[tˤɑːntˤɑ], [utˤɑːntˤɑ]}}
|
| truck
| ottanta
| eighty<ref name="WR-ottanta">{{cite web |title=ottanta{{Snd}} Dizionario italiano-inglese |url=http://www.wordreference.com/iten/ottanta |website=[[WordReference.com]] |language=it |access-date=28 December 2020}}</ref> (a model of a truck of Italian make)
|-
|tēsta
| {{IPA|[teːsta]}}
|
| a hit with the forehead
| testa
| head<ref name="WR-testa">{{cite web |title=testa{{Snd}} Dizionario italiano-inglese |url=http://www.wordreference.com/iten/testa#testa116 |website=[[WordReference.com]] |language=it |access-date=28 December 2020}}</ref>
|-
| maršabēdi
| {{IPA|[marʃabeːdi]}}
|
| sidewalk
| marciapiede
| sidewalk<ref name="WR-marciapiede">{{cite web |title=marciapiede{{Snd}} Dizionario italiano-inglese |url=http://www.wordreference.com/iten/marciapiede |website=[[WordReference.com]] |language=it |access-date=28 December 2020}}</ref>
|-
|calcio
| {{IPA|[kɑːttʃu]}}
|
| kick
| calcio
| kick<ref name="WR-calcio">{{cite web |title=calcio{{Snd}} Dizionario italiano-inglese |url=http://www.wordreference.com/iten/calcio |website=[[WordReference.com]] |language=it |access-date=28 December 2020}}</ref>
|-
| sbageṭi, spageṭi
| {{IPA|[sbɑːɡeːtˤi, spɑːɡeːtˤi]}}
|
|
| [[spaghetti]]
|
|-
| lazānya
| {{IPA|[lɑːzɑːnja]}}
|
|
| [[lasagna]]
|
|-
|rizoṭu
|{{IPA|[rizoːtˤu]}}
|
|
|[[risotto]]
|
|-
|feṭuččini
|{{IPA|[fetˤutˤ.ʃiːni]}}
|
|
|[[fettuccine]]
|
|-
| kuğīna
| {{IPA|[ku.dʒiːna]}}
|
| kitchen
| cucina
|-
| bagno
| {{IPA|[banyu]}}
|
| bathroom
| bagno
| 
|-
| lavandino
| {{IPA|[lavandino]}}
|
| sink
| lavandino
|
|-
| rifugio
| {{IPA|[rifugio]}}
|
| refuge
| rifugio
|
|-
| garage
| {{IPA|[garage]}}
|
| garage
| garage
|
|-
| carrozza
| {{IPA|[carrozza]}}
|
| carriage
| carrozza
| 
|-
| macchina
| {{IPA|[machine]}}
|
| machine
| macchina
|
|-
| fattura
| {{IPA|[fattura]}}
|
| invoice, bill
| fattura
| 
|-
| bolletta
| {{IPA|[bolletta]}}
|
| bill, ticket
| bolletta
|
|-
| ospedale
| {{IPA|[ospedale]}}
|
| hospital
| ospedale
| 
|-
| cassa
| {{IPA|[cassa]}}
|
| box, money
| cassa
| 
|-
| bicicletta
| {{IPA|[bicicletta]}}
|
| bike, bicycle
| bicicletta
|
|-
| medaglia
| {{IPA|[medaglia]}}
|
| medal 
| medaglia
|
|-
| gomma
| {{IPA|[gomma]}}
|
| rubber, tire 
| gomma
|
|-
| penna
| {{IPA|[penna]}}
|
| pen
| penna
|
|-
| lista
| {{IPA|[lista]}}
|
| list
| lista
|
|-
| tabella
| {{IPA|[tabella]}}
|
| poster, signboard, table
| tabella
|
|-
| semaforo
| {{IPA|[semaforo]}}
|
| trafficlight
| semaforo
|
|-
| marciapiede
| {{IPA|[marciapiede]}}
|
| sidewalk, pavement
| marciapiede
|
|-
| bosco
| {{IPA|[bosco]}}
|
| woodland, forest
| bosco
|
|-
| camicia
| {{IPA|[camicia]}}
|
| shirt
| camicia
|
|-
| calzature
| {{IPA|[calzature]}}
|
| footwear, cover leg for footballer
| calzature
|
|-
| forchetta
| {{IPA|[forchetta]}}
|
| fork
| forchetta
|
|-
| antenna
| {{IPA|[antenna]}}
|
| antenna
| antenna
|
|-
| gonna
| {{IPA|[gonna]}}
|
| skirt
| gonna
|
|-
| puttana
| {{IPA|[puttana]}}
|
| whore
| puttana
|
|-
| balcone
| {{IPA|[balcone]}}
|
| balcony
| balcone
|
|-
| borsa
| {{IPA|[borsa]}}
|
| bag
| borsa
|
|-
| parcheggio
| {{IPA|[parcheggio]}}
|
| parking
| parcheggio
|
|-
| sacco
| {{IPA|[sacco]}}
|
| bag, hand bag, luggage, baggage 
| sacco
|
|-
| scala
| {{IPA|[scala]}}
|
| ladder
| scala
|
|-
| mazza
| {{IPA|[mazza]}}
|
| bat, club, mace, sledge-hammer, mallet
| mazza
|
|-
| freno 
| {{IPA|[freno]}}
|
| brake
| freno 
|
|-
| freno a mano
| {{IPA|[freno a mano]}}
|
| handbrake
| freno a mano
|
|-
| trapano
| {{IPA|[trapano]}}
|
| drill
| trapano
|
|-
| cacciavite
| {{IPA|[cacciavite]}}
|
| screwdriver
| cacciavite
|
|-
| chiave inglese
| {{IPA|[chiave inglese]}}
|
| wrench
| chiave inglese
|
|-
| pinze
| {{IPA|[pinze]}}
|
| pliers
| pinze
|
|-
| tazza
| {{IPA|[tazza]}}
|
| cup, glass water
| tazza
|
|-
| vaso
| {{IPA|[tazza]}}
|
| jar
| vaso
|
|-
| aspetta
| {{IPA|[aspetta]}}
|
| wait
| aspetta
|
|-
| televisione
| {{IPA|[televisione]}}
|
| television
| televisione
|
|-
| musica
| {{IPA|[musica]}}
|
| music
| musica
|
|-
| radio
| {{IPA|[radio]}}
|
| radio
| radio
|
|-
| porta
| {{IPA|[porta]}}
| 
| goal 
| porta
|
|-
| calcio di rigore
| {{IPA|[calcio di rigore]}}
| 
| calcio di rigore
| porta
|
|-
| scoglio
| {{IPA|[scoglio]}}
| 
| rock, cliff
| porta
|
|-
| pagabondo
| {{IPA|[pagabondo]}}
| 
| vagabond, homeless
| pagabondo
|
|-
| bastardo
| {{IPA|[bastardo]}}
| 
| bastard
| bastardo
|
|-
| canottiera
| {{IPA|[canottiera]}}
| 
| undershirt, vest
| canottiera
|
|-
| maglietta
| {{IPA|[maglietta]}}
| 
| t shirt
| maglietta
|
|-
| mutande
| {{IPA|[mutande]}}
| 
| underwear
| mutande
|
|-
| scaffale
| {{IPA|[scaffale]}}
| 
| shelf, rack, bookcase
| scaffale
|
|-
| giacca
| {{IPA|[giacca]}}
| 
| jacket
| giacca
|
|-
| giubbotto
| {{IPA|[giubbotto]}}
| 
| jacket
| giubbotto
|
|-
| benzene
| {{IPA|[benzene]}}
| 
| benzine
| benzene
|
|-
| lavaggio
| {{IPA|[lavaggio]}}
| 
| car wash station, wash
| lavaggio
|
|-
| vetrina
| {{IPA|[vetrina]}}
| 
| showcase
| vetrina
|
|-
| finito
| {{IPA|[finito]}}
| 
| finished, gone
| finito
|
|-
| trattore
| {{IPA|[trattore]}}
| 
| tractor
| trattore
|
|-
| camino
| {{IPA|[camino]}}
| 
| fireplace
| camino
|
|-
| stufa
| {{IPA|[stufa]}}
| 
| stove
| stufa
|
|-
| pioggia
| {{IPA|[pioggia]}}
| 
| rain
| pioggia
|
|-
| veranda
| {{IPA|[veranda]}}
| 
| balcony, veranda
| veranda
|
|-
| tuta
| {{IPA|[tuta]}}
| 
| suit
| tuta
|
|-
| dumper
| {{IPA|[dumper]}}
| 
| dumper truck
| dumper
|
|-
| cappuccio
| {{IPA|[cappuccio]}}
| 
| hoold (cloths)
| cappuccio
|
|-
| cofano
| {{IPA|[cofano]}}
| 
| engine cover
| cofano
|
|-
| gusto
| {{IPA|[gusto]}}
| 
| taste, flavor , fancy
| gusto
|
|-
| giardino 
| {{IPA|[giardino]}}
| 
| guardian
| giardino 
|
|-
| frutta
| {{IPA|[frutta]}}
| 
| fruit, fruit mix
| frutta
|
|-
| testa
| {{IPA|[testa]}}
| 
| head
| testa
|
|-
| cambio
| {{IPA|[cambio]}}
| 
| gear
| cambio
|
|-
| macete
| {{IPA|[macete]}}
| 
| machete, knife
| cambio
|
|-
| pala
| {{IPA|[pala]}}
| 
| shovel
| pala
|
|-
| guanti
| {{IPA|[guanti]}}
| 
| gloves
| guanti
|
|-
| viaggio
| {{IPA|[viaggio]}}
| 
| trip, journey
| viaggio
|
|-
| occasione
| {{IPA|[viaggio]}}
| 
| opportunity, chance, bargain
| occasione
|
|-
| senza
| {{IPA|[senza]}}
| 
| without, nothing
| senza
|
|-
| sigaro
| {{IPA|[sigaro]}}
| 
| cigar, cigarette
| sigaro
|
|-
| lampada
| {{IPA|[lampada]}}
| 
| lamp, bulb
| lampada
|
|-
| rete 
| {{IPA|[rete]}}
| 
| net 
| rete 
|
|-
| tiro 
| {{IPA|[tiro]}}
| 
| shot 
| tiro 
|
|-
| d'effetto
| {{IPA|[d'effetto]}}
| 
| reflection, reflex, effect, reflexion, influence
| d'effetto
|
|-
| tacco
| {{IPA|[tacco]}}
| 
| heel
| tacco
|
|-
| palo 
| {{IPA|[palo]}}
| 
| post (upright; vertical post)
| palo 
|
|-
| fallo 
| {{IPA|[fallo]}}
| 
| foul
| fallo 
|
|-
| tuffo 
| {{IPA|[tuffo]}}
| 
| dive
| tuffo 
|
|-
| rimessa laterale 
| {{IPA|[rimessa laterale]}}
| 
| throw-in
| rimessa laterale
|
|-
| punta  
| {{IPA|[punta]}}
| 
| striker in football
| punta 
|
|-
| il libero
| {{IPA|[il libero]}}
| 
| central defender 
| il libero
|
|-
| giro
| {{IPA|[giro]}}
| 
| tour, ride, round
| giro
|
|-
| affari
| {{IPA|[affari]}}
| 
| business
| affari
|
|}

==Notes==
<references/>

==See also==
*[[Italian Libya]]

[[Category:History of Italy]]