Revision 8170330 of "List of scientists" on simplewiki

{{RfD|not an actual list}}
This is a '''list of''' noted '''scientists''' ordered by nationality.

==Afghanistan==
{{main|List of scientists from Afghanistan}}

==Albania==
{{main|List of scientists from Europe}}<!--Do not remove: "List of scientists from Albania" only has 2 blue links-->

==Argentina==
{{Main|List of scientists from Argentina}}

==Armenia==
{{Main|List of scientists from Asia}}

==Australia==
{{See also|List of scientists from Oceania}}

==Austria==
{{main|List of Austrian scientists}}

*[[Sigmund Freud]], [[pioneer]] of [[psychoanalysis]]; [[neurologist]], psychologist<ref>https://snl.no/Sigmund_Freud. [[Store norske leksikon]]. Retrieved April 10, 2022</ref>
*[[Karl Landsteiner]], discovered that there are different types of human blood; had a [[Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine]]; d. 1943
*[[Lise Meitner]], Austrian-Swedish, helped discover nuclear fission; physicist d. 1968<ref>https://snl.no/Lise_Meitner. [[Store norske leksikon]]. Retrieved April 10, 2022</ref>

==Azerbaijan==
{{See also|List of scientists from Asia}}

==Bangladesh==
{{See also|List of scientists from Asia}}

==Belarusia==
{{main|List of scientists from Europe}}

==Belize==
{{main|List of scientists from North America}}

==Benin==
{{Main|List of scientists from Africa}}

==Bermuda==
{{main|List of scientists from North America}}

==Bolivia==
{{Main|List of scientists from South America}}

==Bosnia and Herzegovina==
{{See also|List of scientists from Europe}}

==Botswana==
{{Main|List of scientists from Africa}}

==Brazil==
{{main|List of Brazilian scientists}}

==Bulgaria==
{{Main|List of Bulgarian scientists}}

==Burkina Faso==
{{Main|List of scientists from Africa}}

==Cameroon==
{{Main|List of scientists from Africa}}

==Canada==
{{main|List of scientists from North America}}

==Chad==
{{main|List of scientists from Africa}}

==Chile==
{{Main|List of scientists from South America}}

==China==
{{main|List of Chinese scientists}}
{{see also|List of Chinese mathematicians}}

<!-- Sort: Tu -->
*[[Youyou Tu|Tu Youyou]], has a [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]]; [[pharmacologist]]
<!-- Sort: Wu -->
[[File:Chien-Shiung_Wu_(1912-1997)_in_1958.jpg|right|50px]]
<!-- Sort: Wu -->
*[[Chien-Shiung Wu]], known for the [[Wu experiment]] [[:en:Wu experiment|(en)]]; [[Nuclear physics]]; died in 1997

==Croatia==
{{Main|List of scientists from Europe}}
*[[Nikola Tesla]], Serbian-American born in modern-day Croatia's part of the [[Austrian Empire]]; inventor, mechanical engineer, electrical engineer; He died in 1943.

==Colombia==
{{Main|List of scientists from South America}}

==Costa Rica==
{{Main|List of scientists from North America}}

==Croatia==
{{Main|List of scientists from Europe}}

==Cuba==
{{main|List of Cuban scientists}}

==Cyprus==
{{Main|List of scientists from Asia}}

== Czechia==
:''Pages appear in [[:Category:Czech scientists]]''
{{Main|List of scientists from Europe}}

==Denmark==
{{Main|List of scientists from Europe}}
*[[Niels Bohr]], physicist, d. 1962

==Dominican Republic==
{{main|List of scientists from North America}}

==Ecuador==
{{main|List of scientists from South America}}

==Egypt==
:''Pages appear in [[:Category:Egyptian scientists]]''
{{main|List of Egyptian scientists}}
[[File:Ahmed_Zewail_HD2009_Othmer_Gold_Medal_portrait.JPG|right|50px]]
*[[Ahmed Zewail]], he had a [[Nobel Prize for Chemistry]]; d. 2016

== Estonia ==
{{Main|List of scientists from Europe}}

==Fiji==
{{main|List of scientists from Oceania}}

==Finland==
{{Main|List of scientists from Europe}}

==France==
{{Main|List of scientists from Europe}}
{{see also|Category:French mathematicians}}

*[[Louis Pasteur]]

== Georgia ==
:''Pages appear in [[:Category:Scientists from Georgia (country)]]''
{{Main|List of scientists from Europe}}

==Germany==
{{Main|List of scientists from Europe}}
{{see also|Category:German mathematicians}}

*[[Alexander von Humboldt]], [[geographer]], botanist d. 1859
*[[Max Planck]], physicist, d. 1947
*[[Martin Heidegger]], philosopher, d. 1976

==Ghana==
{{Main|List of scientists from Africa}}

==Great Britain==
{{main|List of scientists from Europe}}

===England===
* [[Charles Babbage]], credited with inventing the first [[mechanical computer]] (or [[analytical engine]]);<ref name="babb">{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/computing-history/|title=The Modern History of Computing (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)|last=Copeland|first=B. Jack|date=Dec 18, 2000|encyclopedia=[[Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy]]|access-date=1 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | author= Newman, M.H.A. | title='General Principles of the Design of All-Purpose Computing Machines' | year=1948 | publisher=Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, series A, 195 | pages=271–274 }}</ref> died in 1871
* [[Alan Turing]], he was important in the development of [[theoretical computer science]],<ref name="frs">{{Cite journal
| last1 = Newman | first1 = M. H. A.
| author-link = Max Newman
| doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1955.0019
| title = Alan Mathison Turing. 1912–1954
| journal = [[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]]
| volume = 1
| pages = 253–263
| year = 1955
| jstor = 769256
| s2cid = 711366
}}</ref><ref name=AFP>{{cite magazine |title=Alan Turing&nbsp;– Time 100 People of the Century |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,990624,00.html |magazine=Time |quote=Providing a blueprint for the electronic digital computer. The fact remains that everyone who taps at a keyboard, opening a spreadsheet or a word-processing program, is working on an incarnation of a Turing machine. |first=Paul |last=Gray |date=29 March 1999 |access-date=17 September 2017 |archive-date=19 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110119181237/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,990624,00.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Sipser|2006|p=137}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Beavers|2013|p=481}}</ref> and is known for the [[Turing machine]], which can be considered a model of a [[general purpose computer]]; died in 1954

==Greece==
{{Main|List of scientists from Europe}}

==Guatemala==
{{Main|List of scientists from North America}}

==Guyana==
*[[Opendra Narayan]]<ref name="JNP">{{Cite journal|last=Buch|first=Shilpa|last2=Rouse|first2=Barry T.|last3=Gendelman|first3=Howard E.|last4=Zink|first4=M. Christine|last5=Clements|first5=Janice E.|date=March 2008|title=Opendra “Bill” Narayan (1936–2007): A Personal Tribute to a Friend, Teacher, and Colleague|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11481-008-9101-y|journal=Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology|language=en|volume=3|issue=1|pages=1–4|doi=10.1007/s11481-008-9101-y|issn=1557-1890}}</ref> - he is known for engineering a type of HIV that could cause AIDS-like disease in monkeys;<ref name=JNP/> the [[veterinarian]] died in 2007

==Haiti==
{{main|List of scientists from North America}}

==Honduras==
{{Main|List of scientists from North America}}

==Hungary==
{{Main|List of scientists from Europe}}

*[[Paul Erdős]], published around 1,500 mathematical papers during his lifetime, a figure that remains unsurpassed;<ref>According to {{cite web |title=Facts about Erdös Numbers and the Collaboration Graph |url=http://oakland.edu/enp/trivia/}}, using the Mathematical Reviews data base, the next highest article count is roughly 823.</ref> died 1996

==Iceland==
<!-- G -->
*[[Gísli Guðjónsson]] - he is the [[creator]] of the [[Gudjonsson suggestibility scale]]

==India==
{{main|List of Indian scientists}}

*[[Satyendra Nath Bose]], known for [[Bose–Einstein condensate]] and [[Bose–Einstein statistics]]; Mathematics, Physics; died in 1974 
*[[Srinivasa Ramanujan]], known for [[Landau–Ramanujan constant]], [[Mock theta function]]s, [[Ramanujan conjecture]], [[Ramanujan prime]], [[Ramanujan–Soldner constant]], [[Ramanujan theta function]], [[Ramanujan's sum]], [[Rogers–Ramanujan identities]], [[Ramanujan's master theorem]]; [[Fellow of the Royal Society]]; Mathematics; died in 1920

==Indonesia==
{{Main|List of scientists from Asia}}

==Iran==
{{main|List of Iranian scientists}}

==Iraq==
{{main|List of scientists from the Middle East}}

==Ireland==
:''Pages appear in [[:Category:Irish scientists]]''
{{main|List of scientists from Europe}}

==Italy==
:''Pages appear in [[:Category:Italian scientists]]''
{{main|List of scientists from Europe}}

==Israel==
:''See also [[:Category:Israeli scientists]]''
{{main|List of scientists from the Middle East}}

==Jamaica==
{{main|List of scientists from North America}}

==Japan==
:''Pages appear in [[:Category:Japanese scientists]]''
{{main|List of Japanese scientists}}

==Jordan==
{{main|List of scientists from the Middle East}}

==Kazakhstan==
{{See also|List of scientists from Asia}}

==Kenya==
:''Pages appear in [[:Category:Kenyan scientists]]''
{{main|List of Kenyan scientists}}

==Kosovo==
*[[Idriz Ajeti]] (the first chief of [[Kosova Academy of Sciences and Arts]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://serbiaworldnews.wordpress.com/2015/02/19/chronology-of-the-serbian-albanian-relationships-from-the-berlin-congress-to-the-march-pogrom-2004/|title=CHRONOLOGY OF THE SERBIAN – ALBANIAN RELATIONSHIPS FROM THE BERLIN CONGRESS TO THE MARCH POGROM 2004|first=Serbia world|last=news.rs|date=19 February 2015}}</ref>

==Kyrgyzstan==
{{main|List of scientists from Asia}}

==Laos==
{{main|List of scientists from Asia}}

==Latvia==
:''Pages appear in [[:Category:Latvian scientists]]''
{{main|List of scientists from Europe}}

==Lebanon==
{{main|List of scientists from the Middle East}}

==Libya==
{{main|List of scientists from Africa}}

==Lithuania==
{{main|List of scientists from Europe}}

==Luxembourg==
{{main|List of scientists from Europe}}

==Macedonia==
{{main|List of scientists from Europe}}

==Malaysia==
{{main|List of scientists from Asia}}

==Mexico==
{{main|List of scientists from North America}}

==Moldova==
{{main|List of scientists from Europe}}

==Morocco==
{{main|List of scientists from Africa}}
*[[Ibn Ghazi al-Miknasi]], wrote [[Meknes]]'s history and a commentary to the [[treatise]] of [[Ibn al-Banna]]; a work that explained the mentioned work, was named ["The desire of students for an explanation of the calculator's craving"] ''Bughyat al-tulab fi sharh munyat al-hussab'' (including, arithmetic and algebraic methods).<ref>E. Levi-Provencal, Chorfa, p. 231</ref> Mathematics, linguistics; died in 1513

==Myanmar==
{{main|List of scientists from Asia}}

==Nepal==
<!--  -->
*[[Kumud Dhital]] - he is one of the members of the team that first transplanted a heart donated after circulatory death (DCD), where the heart has stopped beating;<ref name=newslimited>{{cite news|last1=Patterson|first1=Robbie|title=World-first dead heart transplant at Sydney's St Vincent's Hospital a game changer|url=http://www.news.com.au/national/worldfirst-dead-heart-transplant-at-sydneys-st-vincents-hospital-a-game-changer/story-e6frfkp9-1227099798041|access-date=29 October 2014|work=News.com.au|publisher=News Limited|date=24 October 2014|archive-date=29 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141029113931/http://www.news.com.au/national/worldfirst-dead-heart-transplant-at-sydneys-st-vincents-hospital-a-game-changer/story-e6frfkp9-1227099798041|url-status=dead}}</ref> he is a [[surgeon]].

==Netherlands==
{{Main|List of scientists from Europe}}

==New Zealand==
{{main|List of scientists from Oceania}}
*[[Ernest Rutherford]] -  he got the [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]]; [[nuclear physicist]], and [[chemist]]; he died in 1937
*[[Pat Suggate]], creator of the "Suggate rank scheme", which is used internationally by oil exploration companies to measure the oil and gas potential of [[sedimentary]] rocks;<ref name="Te Ara">{{cite web |url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/photograph/7409/pat-suggate-coal-scientist |title=Coal and coal mining – the nature of coal |date=9 July 2013 |website=Te Ara: the Encyclopedia of New Zealand | last1=Sherwood | first1=Alan | last2=Phillips | first2=Jock | publisher=Ministry for Culture and Heritage |access-date=19 June 2016}}</ref><ref name="Evening Post 2001">{{cite news | title=Age no barrier for geologist | date=3 December 2001 | work=Evening Post | page=16 | first=Bernie | last=Napp}}</ref> [[fellowship]] at [[Royal Society of New Zealand]]; died in 2016
*[[Maurice Wilkins]], got the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]]; his fields were Physics, Molecular biology; died in 2004

==Nigeria==
{{main|List of scientists from Africa}}

==North Korea==
<!-- R -->
*[[Ri Sung-gi]] (He is the [[inventor of]] Vinalon, and he got the [[Lenin Prize]])

==Norway==
*[[Niels Henrik Abel]], did the first complete proof demonstrating the impossibility of solving the [[general quintic equation]] [[:en:General quintic equation|(en)]] in [[radical]]s; mathematician; died in 1829 <ref name=LastYears>{{cite web|url=http://www.abelprize.no/c53672/artikkel/vis.html?tid=53897|title=The Biography of Niels Henrik Abel: His last years|website=www.abelprize.no|access-date=2017-09-17|archive-date=2018-04-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180409111612/http://www.abelprize.no/c53672/artikkel/vis.html?tid=53897|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Papua New Guinea==
{{main|List of scientists from Oceania}}

==Peru==
{{main|List of scientists from South America}}

==Philippines==
{{main|List of Filipino scientists}}

==Poland==
{{main|List of scientists from Europe}}

==Portugal==
{{main|List of scientists from Europe}}

==Romania==
{{main|List of Romanian scientists}}

*[[Solomon Marcus]], recognised<ref>Encyclopaedia Unversalis (French), vol. 9, 1971, p.
1057-1059, and vol. 13, 1989, p. 837.</ref><ref>Brokhaus  Encyclopedie (German),
XVIIth improved edition, vol. 12, MAI-MOS, Wiesbaden, 1971, p. 255-256.</ref><ref>Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 3rd edition, vol. 15, Macmillan, New
York-London, 1977, p. 568-569.</ref> as an [[initiator]] of (, or one of the people that started) [[mathematical linguistics]], and [[mathematical poetics]]; also a [[semiotician]], he died in 2016

*[[George Emil Palade]] - he and two others got one  [[Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine]]; the [[cell biologist]] died in 2008.

==Russia==
* [[Leonid Kantorovich]] - Russian mathematician
* [[Sofya Kovalevskaya]] - Russian mathematician

==São Tomé and Príncipe==
{{main|List of scientists from Africa}}

==Saudi Arabia==
{{main|List of scientists from the Middle East}}

==Sierra Leone==
{{main|List of scientists from Africa}}

==Slovenia==
{{main|List of scientists from Europe}}

==Solomon Islands==
{{main|List of scientists from Oceania}}

== Spain ==
{{main|List of scientists from Europe}}
* [[Santiago Ramón y Cajal]] - Spanish scientist

==South Africa==
{{main|List of scientists from Africa}}

==South Korea==
{{main|List of scientists from Asia}}

==Sri Lanka==
{{main|List of scientists from Asia}}

==St. Kitts and Nevis==
{{main|List of scientists from North America}}

==Sweden==
:''Pages appear in [[:Category:Swedish scientists]]''
*[[Alfred Nobel]] (d. 1896)

==Switzerland==
:''Pages appear in [[:Category:Swiss scientists]]''
{{main|List of scientists from Europe}}

==Syria==
{{main|List of scientists from the Middle East}}
*[[Al-Battani]], known for showing several relations within [[trigonometry]]; he lived and worked in [[Ar-Raqqah|a city that now belongs to Syria]]; died in 929

==Thailand==
{{main|List of scientists from Asia}}

==Trinidad and Tobago==
{{main|List of scientists from North America}}

==Tunisia==
*[[Abbas Bahri]], introduced the method of the critical points at infinity, which is a fundamental step in the calculus of variations; Mathematics, [[Variational analysis]]; died in 2016

==Turkey==
{{main| List of Turkish scientists}}

==Uganda==
{{main|List of scientists from Africa}}

==Ukraine==
:''Pages appear in [[:Category:Ukrainian scientists]]''
{{main|List of scientists from Europe}}

==United States==
{{main|List of American scientists}}
*[[Thomas Edison]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Thomas Edison|url=https://www.history.com/topics/inventions/thomas-edison|website=HISTORY}}</ref> - he and his workers made "the first practical incandescent [[light bulb]]";<ref>{{Cite web|last=Palermo|first=Elizabeth|last2=published|first2=Callum McKelvie|date=2021-11-23|title=Who Invented the Light Bulb?|url=https://www.livescience.com/43424-who-invented-the-light-bulb.html|access-date=2022-04-05|website=livescience.com|language=en}}</ref> died in 1931

==Uruguay==
{{main|List of scientists from South America}}

==Venezuela==
{{main|List of scientists from South America}}

==Vietnam==
{{main|List of scientists from Asia}}

==Gallery==
<!--Please leave the 100+ photos small in size-->
<!--Work in progress:April 2022:
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|50px|
]]
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[[File:Stephen_Hawking.StarChild.jpg|50px|[[Stephen Hawking]], British]]
[[File:Einstein 1921 by F Schmutzer - restoration.jpg|50px|[[Albert Einstein]], German-born]]
[[File:Kofi_Annan_2012_(cropped).jpg|50px|[[Kofi Annan]], born in what is now Ghana]]
[[File:Marie Curie c1920.jpg|50px|[[Marie Curie]], born in what is now Poland]]
[[File:Chien-Shiung_Wu_(1912-1997)_in_1958.jpg|50px]]

==Related pages==
*[[List of scientists from Africa]]
*[[List of scientists from Asia]]
*[[List of scientists from Europe]]
*[[List of scientists from North America]]
*[[List of scientists from Oceania]]
*[[List of scientists from South America]]
*[[List of astronomers]]
*[[List of astrophysicists]]
*[[List of biologists]]
*[[List of ecologists]]
*[[List of neuroscientists]]
*[[List of mathematicians]]
*[[List of physicists]]
*[[List of women scientists]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Lists of scientists| ]]
[[Category:Lists of scientists by nationality|*]]