Difference between revisions 1332660 and 1341699 on sqwiki

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{|{{Infobox Aircraft Begin
  |name   = Model 210 Centurion
  |image = Image:cessna.210.centurion.d-ebws.arp.jpg
  |caption = A Cessna 210 Centurion
}}{{Infobox Aircraft Type
  |type   = light aircraft
  |national origin=[[United States]]
  |manufacturer = [[Cessna]]
  |designer =
  |first flight = January 1957<ref name="Janes 82 p345-6"/>
  |introduced = 1957
  |retired =
  |status =
  |primary user =
  |more users =
  |produced =1957-1986
  |number built =9,240
  |unit cost =
  |developed from =
  |variants with their own articles = [[Cessna 206]]
}}
|}

'''Cessna 210 Centurion''' eështeë njeë [[avion]] me gjashte vende, me performane te larte, me karrel uljeje ne piste me njeë motorr ne [[aviacionin e peërgjithsheëm]] qe fluturoi peër here te pare ne janar te 1957 dhe eështeë prodhuar te [[Cessna]] qe nga 1985.

== Dizajni dhe zhvillimi ==
[[Skeda:Cessna210C-GXCT.JPG|parapamje|1960 model Cessna 210, showing the strut-braced wing used on the early model 210.]]
[[Skeda:CessnaT210LCenturion02.jpg|parapamje|A Cessna T210L shows the later models' strutless cantilever wing]]
[[Skeda:CessnaT210LCenturion01.jpg|parapamje|Cessna T210L]]
[[Skeda:CessnaP210NCenturionC-FFWD05.jpg|parapamje|A Cessna P210N Pressurized Centurion with its distinctive small windows]]
[[Skeda:Typical Cessna 210 Panel .jpg|parapamje|right|An updated Cessna T210 instrument panel.]]
[[Skeda:C-210 N5891F 001.jpg|parapamje|right|A 1967 Cessna 210G modified with a [[leading edge cuff]] and [[flaperons]] for improved low speed performance characteristics]]

Cessna 210 e hershme (210 dhe 210A) ka patsur 4 vende me [[Continental O-470|Continental IO-470]] engine of {{convert|260|hp|abbr=on}}.  Ne thelb ishte njeë Cessna 182B to which was added a retractable landing gear, swept tail, and a new wing.<ref name="Simpson" />  Ne 1961 the fuselage and wing were completely redesigned - the fuselage was made wider and deeper, and a third side window was added.  The wing planform remained the same (constant 64" chord from centerline to {{convert|100|in|mm}} out, then straight taper to 44" chord at 208&nbsp;inches from centerline), but the semi-Fowler flaps (slotted, rear-moving) were extended outboard, from Wing Station 100 to Wing Station 122, which allowed a lower landing speed (FAA certification regulations state that a single-engine aircraft must have a flaps-down, power-off stall speed no greater than 70 miles/hour).  To compensate for the reduced aileron span, the aileron profile was changed and its chord enlarged.  The 1964 model 210D introduced a {{convert|285|hp|abbr=on}} engine and 2 small child seats, set into the cavity which contained the mainwheels aft of the passengers.

Ne 1967  modeli 210G futi njeë krah [[cantilever#In aircraft|cantilever]] duke replacing the strut-braced wing.  Its planform changed to a constant taper from root chord to tip chord.  In 1970 the 210K became the first full 6-seat model. This was achieved by replacing the flat leaf-springs used for the retractable main landing gear struts (undercarriage) with tapered tubular steel struts of greater length. This allowed the tires to be nested farther to the rear of the fuselage, making room for the full size rear seats.  Ne 1979  210N model eliminated the folding doors which previously covered the two retracted main wheels. The tubular spring struts retract into shallow channels along the bottom of the fuselage and the wheels fit snugly in closed depressions on the underside of the fuselage.  Some models featured de-icing boots as an option.

Avioni was offered in a normally aspirated version, designated the model  '''210''', as well as the [[turbocharged]] '''T210''' and the [[cabin pressurization|pressurized]] '''P210''' versions. The '''Centurion II''' was an option introduced in 1970 with improved avionics, and was available in both noramlly aspirated and turbocharged versions ('''Turbo Centurion II''')<ref name="Janes 82 p345-6"/>

Ne [[21 maj  ]] [[2012]] the airworthiness authority responsible for the design, the US [[Federal Aviation Administration]], issued an emergency [[Airworthiness Directive]] requiring 3,665 of the cantilever wing Cessna 210s to be inspected for cracks in the spar cap, wing spar and wing. Aircraft with more than 10,000 hours of airframe time were grounded immediately pending a visual inspection.<ref name="Grady21May12">{{cite news|url = http://www.avweb.com/avwebflash/news/FAAIssuesEmergencyADForCessna210s_206721-1.html|title = FAA Issues Emergency AD For Cessna 210s|accessdate = 24 May 2012|last = Grady|first = Mary|date = 21 May 2012| work = AVweb}}</ref>

=== Vazhdimësia ===
nNe nentor, 2007, Cessna acquired the assets of [[Columbia Aircraft|Columbia Aircraft Company]]. The Columbia 350 and 400 models were integrated into the Cessna single engine range and redesignated as the [[Cessna 350]] and [[Cessna 400]]. Ky avion zevendesoi Cessna 210 at the top end of the Cessna single-engine model line.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://investor.textron.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=110047&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=1081833&highlight=|title = Textron's Cessna Aircraft Company to Acquire Assets of Columbia Aircraft|accessdate = 2007-11-28|last = Textron|authorlink = |year = 2007|month = November}}</ref>

=== Modifikimet ===
There are a wide range of modifications available for the Cessna 210, including:
*  [[Aeronautical Engineers Australia]] has developed a life extension package for 210s suffering from wing spar carry-through beam corrosion.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.aeroengaus.com.au/mods.htm|title = Aeronautical Engineers Australia - Modifications|month = March | year = 2009 |author = Aeronautical Engineers AUstralia|accessdate = 2009-03-03 }}</ref>

*  [[Aerospace Systems and Technologies]] offers a TKS technology weeping fluid ice protection system for the Cessna 210, models L, M and N.<ref name="Collins05Jan06"> {{Cite news|url = http://www.flyingmag.com/safety/weather/madness-icing|title = The Madness of Icing|accessdate = 21 June 2011|last = Collins|first = Richard L.|authorlink = |year = 2006|month = January| work = [[Flying Magazine]]}}</ref>

*  [[Crownair Aviation]] developed a “Centurion Edition” T210, which is a remanufactured aircraft introduced in November 2008 that features a glass cockpit and new engine along with other minor refinements.<ref name="CrownAir">{{cite web|url = http://www.crownairaviation.com/docs/Avidyne_08_Dec_Entegra_Cessna_210_FINAL.pdf|title = AVIDYNE PARTNERS WITH SOUTHERN STAR & CROWNAIR TO GET STC FOR ENTEGRA GLASS COCKPIT RETROFIT IN CESSNA 210 SINGLE- ENGINE PISTON AIRCRAFT |accessdate = 1 October 2010|last = Crownair Aviation|authorlink = |year = undated}}</ref>

*  [[O&N Aircraft]] offers a [[Rolls-Royce Model 250]] [[turboprop]] conversion of the Pressurized Cessna P210N known as the "Silver Eagle".<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.fibreglast.com/contentpages-aircraft-346.html  |title = January 2004: O&N Aircraft |month = January | year = 2004 |author = FibreGlast Developments Corp |accessdate = 2007-10-19 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20070929140444/http://www.fibreglast.com/contentpages-aircraft-346.html |archivedate = 2007-09-29}}</ref>

[[Skeda:VitatoeCenturionTN550.jpg|parapamje|A Vitatoe Cessna 210N conversion]]
*  [[Vitatoe Aviation]] offers the TN550 conversion which uses a [[Continental IO-550|Continental IO-550P]] engine with an IO-520 turbocharger with dual intercoolers and a larger alternator.<ref>{{cite web|title=Improving On A Good Thing The venerable Cessna P210N enjoys a welcome improvement|author=Bill Cox|url=http://www.planeandpilotmag.com/pilot-talk/x-country-log/improving-on-a-good-thing.html?start=2|accessdate=20 August 2012}}</ref>

== Variantet ==
(contracted; show full){{Cessna}}
{{aviation lists}}

[[Kategoria:Cessna avionë|210]]
[[Kategoria:High wing aircraft]]
[[Kategoria:Propeller aircraft]]
[[Kategoria:Single-engine aircraft]]
[[Kategoria:United States civil utility aircraft 1950–1959]]