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Difference between revisions 6283203 and 6283231 on srwikiMercury/Earth Comparisonxxxx'''Mercury'''{{subst:Autobot/sandbox4 | ime = Mercury Bulk parameters Mercury Earth Ratio (Mercury/Earth) | Mass (1024 kg) = 0.3302 5.9736 0.0553 ⏎ ⏎ | Volume (1010 km3) = 6.083 108.321 0.0562 ⏎ ⏎ | Equatorial radius (km) = 2439.7 6378.1 0.383 ⏎ ⏎ | Polar radius (km) = 2439.7 6356.8 0.384 ⏎ ⏎ | Volumetric mean radius (km) = 2439.7 6371.0 0.383⏎ ⏎ | Ellipticity (Flattening) = 0.0000 0.00335 0.000 ⏎ ⏎ | Mean density (kg/m3) = 5427 5515 0.984 ⏎ ⏎ | Surface gravity (eq.) (m/s2) = 3.70 9.80 0.378 ⏎ ⏎ | Surface acceleration (eq.) (m/s2) = 3.70 9.78 0.378 ⏎ ⏎ | Escape velocity (km/s) = 4.3 11.2 0.384 ⏎ ⏎ | GM (x 106 km3/s2) = 0.02203 0.3986 0.0553 ⏎ ⏎ | Bond albedo = 0.068 0.306 0.222⏎ ⏎ | Visual geometric albedo = 0.142 0.367 0.387 Visual magnitude V(1,0) -0.42 -3.86 - | Solar irradiance (W/m2) = 9126.6 1367.6 6.673 ⏎ ⏎ | Black-body temperature (K) = 440.1 254.3 1.731⏎ ⏎ | Moment of inertia (I/MR2) = 0.33 0.3308 0.998 ⏎ ⏎ | J2 (x 10-6) = 60. 1082.63 0.055 Number of natural satellites 0 1 Planetary ring system No No Orbital parameters Mercury Earth Ratio (Mercury/Earth) | Semimajor axis (106 km) = 57.91 149.60 0.387 ⏎ ⏎ | Sidereal orbit period (days) = 87.969 365.256 0.241⏎ ⏎ | Tropical orbit period (days) = 87.968 365.242 0.241 ⏎ ⏎ | Perihelion (106 km) = 46.00 147.09 0.313 ⏎ ⏎ | Aphelion (106 km) = 69.82 152.10 0.459 Synodic period (days) 115.88 - - | Mean orbital velocity (km/s) = 47.87 29.78 1.607 ⏎ ⏎ | Max. orbital velocity (km/s) = 58.98 30.29 1.947⏎ ⏎ | Min. orbital velocity (km/s) = 38.86 29.29 1.327 Orbit inclination (deg) 7.00 0.00 - | Orbit eccentricity = 0.2056 0.0167 12.311 ⏎ ⏎ | Sidereal rotation period (hrs) = 1407.6 23.9345 58.785 ⏎ ⏎ | Length of day (hrs) = 4222.6 24.0000 175.942⏎ ⏎ | Obliquity to orbit (deg) = ~0 23.44 0. Mercury Observational Parameters Discoverer: Unknown Discovery Date: Prehistoric Distance from Earth Minimum (106 km) 77.3 Maximum (106 km) 221.9 Apparent diameter from Earth Maximum (seconds of arc) 13. Minimum (seconds of arc) 4.5 Maximum visual magnitude -1.9 Mean values at inferior conjunction with Earth Distance from Earth (106 km) 91.70 Apparent diameter (seconds of arc) 11.0 Mercury Mean Orbital Elements (J2000) Semimajor axis (AU) 0.38709893 Orbital eccentricity 0.20563069 Orbital inclination (deg) 7.00487 Longitude of ascending node (deg) 48.33167 Longitude of perihelion (deg) 77.45645 Mean Longitude (deg) 252.25084 North Pole of Rotation Right Ascension: 281.01 - 0.003T Declination : 61.45 - 0.005T Reference Date : 12:00 UT 1 Jan 2000 (JD 2451545.0) T = Julian centuries from reference date Venus/Earth Comparisonxxxx'''Venus'''{{subst:Autobot/sandbox4 | ime = Venus Bulk parameters Venus Earth Ratio (Venus/Earth) Mass (1024 kg) 4.8685 5.9736 0.815 Volume (1010 km3) 92.843 108.321 0.857 Equatorial radius (km) 6051.8 6378.1 0.949 Polar radius (km) 6051.8 6356.8 0.952 Volumetric mean radius (km) 6051.8 6371.0 0.950 Ellipticity (Flattening) 0.000 0.00335 0.0 Mean density (kg/m3) 5243 5515 0.951 Surface gravity (eq.) (m/s2) 8.87 9.80 0.905 Surface acceleration (eq.) (m/s2) 8.87 9.78 0.907 Escape velocity (km/s) 10.36 11.19 0.926 GM (x 106 km3/s2) 0.3249 0.3986 0.815 Bond albedo 0.90 0.306 2.94 Visual geometric albedo 0.67 0.367 1.83 Visual magnitude V(1,0) -4.40 -3.86 - Solar irradiance (W/m2) 2613.9 1367.6 1.911 Black-body temperature (K) 184.2 254.3 0.724 Topographic range (km) 15 20 0.750 Moment of inertia (I/MR2) 0.33 0.3308 0.998 J2 (x 10-6) 4.458 1082.63 0.004 Number of natural satellites 0 1 Planetary ring system No No Orbital parameters Venus Earth Ratio (Venus/Earth) Semimajor axis (106 km) 108.21 149.60 0.723 Sidereal orbit period (days) 224.701 365.256 0.615 Tropical orbit period (days) 224.695 365.242 0.615 Perihelion (106 km) 107.48 147.09 0.731 Aphelion (106 km) 108.94 152.10 0.716 Synodic period (days) 583.92 - - Mean orbital velocity (km/s) 35.02 29.78 1.176 Max. orbital velocity (km/s) 35.26 30.29 1.164 Min. orbital velocity (km/s) 34.79 29.29 1.188 Orbit inclination (deg) 3.39 0.00 - Orbit eccentricity 0.0067 0.0167 0.401 Sidereal rotation period (hrs) -5832.5 23.9345 243.686 Length of day (hrs) 2802.0 24.0000 116.750 Obliquity to orbit (deg) 177.36 23.44 (0.113) | Mass (1024 kg) = 4.8685 | Volume (1010 km3) = 92.843 | Equatorial radius (km) = 6051.8 | Polar radius (km) = 6051.8 | Volumetric mean radius (km) = 6051.8 | Ellipticity (Flattening) = 0.000 | Mean density (kg/m3) = 5243 | Surface gravity (eq.) (m/s2) = 8.87 | Surface acceleration (eq.) (m/s2) = 8.87 | Escape velocity (km/s) = 10.36 | GM (x 106 km3/s2) = 0.3249 | Bond albedo = 0.90 | Visual geometric albedo = 0.67 Visual magnitude V(1,0) -4.40 -3.86 - | Solar irradiance (W/m2) = 2613.9 | Black-body temperature (K) = 184.2 | Topographic range (km) = 15 | Moment of inertia (I/MR2) = 0.33 | J2 (x 10-6) = 4.458 Number of natural satellites 0 1 Planetary ring system No No Orbital parameters Venus Earth Ratio (Venus/Earth) | Semimajor axis (106 km) = 108.21 | Sidereal orbit period (days) = 224.701 | Tropical orbit period (days) = 224.695 | Perihelion (106 km) = 107.48 | Aphelion (106 km) = 108.94 Synodic period (days) 583.92 - - | Mean orbital velocity (km/s) = 35.02 | Max. orbital velocity (km/s) = 35.26 | Min. orbital velocity (km/s) = 34.79 Orbit inclination (deg) 3.39 0.00 - | Orbit eccentricity = 0.0067 | Sidereal rotation period (hrs) = -5832.5 | Length of day (hrs) = 2802.0 | Obliquity to orbit (deg) = 177.36 Venus Observational Parameters Discoverer: Unknown Discovery Date: Prehistoric Distance from Earth Minimum (106 km) 38.2 Maximum (106 km) 261.0 Apparent diameter from Earth Maximum (seconds of arc) 66.0 Minimum (seconds of arc) 9.7 Maximum visual magnitude -4.6 Mean values at inferior conjunction with Earth Distance from Earth (106 km) 41.44 Apparent diameter (seconds of arc) 60.2 Venus Mean Orbital Elements (J2000) Semimajor axis (AU) 0.72333199 Orbital eccentricity 0.00677323 Orbital inclination (deg) 3.39471 Longitude of ascending node (deg) 76.68069 Longitude of perihelion (deg) 131.53298 Mean Longitude (deg) 181.97973 North Pole of Rotation Right Ascension: 272.76 Declination : 67.16 Reference Date : 12:00 UT 1 Jan 2000 (JD 2451545.0) Moon/Earth Comparisxxxx'''Moon'''{{subst:Autobot/sandbox4 | ime = Moon Bulk parameters Moon Earth Ratio (Moon/Earth) Mass (1024 kg) 0.07349 5.9736 0.0123 Volume (1010 km3) 2.1958 108.321 0.0203 Equatorial radius (km) 1738.1 6378.1 0.2725 Polar radius (km) 1736.0 6356.8 0.2731 Volumetric mean radius (km) 1737.1 6371.0 0.2727 Ellipticity (Flattening) 0.0012 0.00335 0.36 Mean density (kg/m3) 3350 5515 0.607 Surface gravity (m/s2) 1.62 9.80 0.165 Surface acceleration (m/s2) 1.62 9.78 0.166 Escape velocity (km/s) 2.38 11.2 0.213 GM (x 106 km3/s2) 0.0049 0.3986 0.0123 Bond albedo 0.11 0.306 0.360 Visual geometric albedo 0.12 0.367 0.330 Visual magnitude V(1,0) +0.21 -3.86 - Solar irradiance (W/m2) 1367.6 1367.6 1.000 Black-body temperature (K) 270.7 254.3 1.064 Topographic range (km) 16 20 0.800 Moment of inertia (I/MR2) 0.394 0.3308 1.191 J2 (x 10-6) 202.7 1082.63 0.187 | Mass (1024 kg) = 0.07349 | Volume (1010 km3) = 2.1958 | Equatorial radius (km) = 1738.1 | Polar radius (km) = 1736.0 | Volumetric mean radius (km) = 1737.1 | Ellipticity (Flattening) = 0.0012 | Mean density (kg/m3) = 3350 | Surface gravity (m/s2) = 1.62 | Surface acceleration (m/s2) = 1.62 | Escape velocity (km/s) = 2.38 | GM (x 106 km3/s2) = 0.0049 | Bond albedo = 0.11 | Visual geometric albedo = 0.12 Visual magnitude V(1,0) +0.21 -3.86 - | Solar irradiance (W/m2) = 1367.6 | Black-body temperature (K) = 270.7 | Topographic range (km) = 16 | Moment of inertia (I/MR2) = 0.394 | J2 (x 10-6) = 202.7 Orbital parameters (for orbit about the Earth) Moon Semimajor axis (106 km) 0.3844 Perigee (106 km)* 0.3633 Apogee (106 km)* 0.4055 Revolution period (days) 27.3217 Synodic period (days) 29.53 Mean orbital velocity (km/s) 1.023 Max. orbital velocity (km/s) 1.076 Min. orbital velocity (km/s) 0.964 Inclination to ecliptic (deg) 5.145 Inclination to equator (deg) 18.28 - 28.58 Orbit eccentricity 0.0549 Sidereal rotation period (hrs) 655.728 Obliquity to orbit (deg) 6.68 Recession rate from Earth (cm/yr) 3.8 Mean values at opposition from Earth Distance from Earth (equator, km) 378,000 Apparent diameter (seconds of arc) 1896 Apparent visual magnitude -12.74 Mars/Earth Comparisonxxxx'''Mars'''{{subst:Autobot/sandbox4 | ime = Mars Bulk parameters Mars Earth Ratio (Mars/Earth) Mass (1024 kg) 0.64185 5.9736 0.107 Volume (1010 km3) 16.318 108.321 0.151 Equatorial radius (km) 3396.2 6378.1 0.532 Polar radius (km) 3376.2 6356.8 0.531 Volumetric mean radius (km) 3389.5 6371.0 0.532 Core radius (km) 1700 3485 0.488 Ellipticity (Flattening) 0.00589 0.00335 1.76 Mean density (kg/m3) 3933 5515 0.713 Surface gravity (m/s2) 3.71 9.80 0.379 Surface acceleration (m/s2) 3.69 9.78 0.377 Escape velocity (km/s) 5.03 11.19 0.450 GM (x 106 km3/s2) 0.04283 0.3986 0.107 Bond albedo 0.250 0.306 0.817 Visual geometric albedo 0.170 0.367 0.463 Visual magnitude V(1,0) -1.52 -3.86 - Solar irradiance (W/m2) 589.2 1367.6 0.431 Black-body temperature (K) 210.1 254.3 0.826 Topographic range (km) 30 20 1.500 Moment of inertia (I/MR2) 0.366 0.3308 1.106 J2 (x 10-6) 1960.45 1082.63 1.811 Number of natural satellites 2 1 Planetary ring system No No Orbital parameters Mars Earth Ratio (Mars/Earth) Semimajor axis (106 km) 227.92 149.60 1.524 Sidereal orbit period (days) 686.980 365.256 1.881 Tropical orbit period (days) 686.973 365.242 1.881 Perihelion (106 km) 206.62 147.09 1.405 Aphelion (106 km) 249.23 152.10 1.639 Synodic period (days) 779.94 - - Mean orbital velocity (km/s) 24.13 29.78 0.810 Max. orbital velocity (km/s) 26.50 30.29 0.875 Min. orbital velocity (km/s) 21.97 29.29 0.750 Orbit inclination (deg) 1.850 0.000 - Orbit eccentricity 0.0935 0.0167 5.599 Sidereal rotation period (hrs) 24.6229 23.9345 1.029 Length of day (hrs) 24.6597 24.0000 1.027 Obliquity to orbit (deg) 25.19 23.44 1.075| Mass (1024 kg) = 0.64185 | Volume (1010 km3) = 16.318 | Equatorial radius (km) = 3396.2 | Polar radius (km) = 3376.2 | Volumetric mean radius (km) = 3389.5 | Core radius (km) = 1700 | Ellipticity (Flattening) = 0.00589 | Mean density (kg/m3) = 3933 | Surface gravity (m/s2) = 3.71 | Surface acceleration (m/s2) = 3.69 | Escape velocity (km/s) = 5.03 | GM (x 106 km3/s2) = 0.04283 | Bond albedo = 0.250 | Visual geometric albedo = 0.170 Visual magnitude V(1,0) -1.52 -3.86 - | Solar irradiance (W/m2) = 589.2 | Black-body temperature (K) = 210.1 | Topographic range (km) = 30 | Moment of inertia (I/MR2) = 0.366 | J2 (x 10-6) = 1960.45 Number of natural satellites 2 1 Planetary ring system No No Orbital parameters Mars Earth Ratio (Mars/Earth) | Semimajor axis (106 km) = 227.92 | Sidereal orbit period (days) = 686.980 | Tropical orbit period (days) = 686.973 | Perihelion (106 km) = 206.62 | Aphelion (106 km) = 249.23 Synodic period (days) 779.94 - - | Mean orbital velocity (km/s) = 24.13 | Max. orbital velocity (km/s) = 26.50 | Min. orbital velocity (km/s) = 21.97 Orbit inclination (deg) 1.850 0.000 - | Orbit eccentricity = 0.0935 | Sidereal rotation period (hrs) = 24.6229 | Length of day (hrs) = 24.6597 | Obliquity to orbit (deg) = 25.19 Mars Observational Parameters Discoverer: Unknown Discovery Date: Prehistoric Distance from Earth Minimum (106 km) 55.7 Maximum (106 km) 401.3 Apparent diameter from Earth Maximum (seconds of arc) 25.1 Minimum (seconds of arc) 3.5 Mean values at opposition from Earth Distance from Earth (106 km) 78.39 Apparent diameter (seconds of arc) 17.9 Apparent visual magnitude -2.0 Maximum apparent visual magnitude -2.91 Mars Mean Orbital Elements (J2000) Semimajor axis (AU) 1.52366231 Orbital eccentricity 0.09341233 Orbital inclination (deg) 1.85061 Longitude of ascending node (deg) 49.57854 Longitude of perihelion (deg) 336.04084 Mean Longitude (deg) 355.45332 North Pole of Rotation Right Ascension: 317.681 - 0.106T Declination : 52.887 - 0.061T Reference Date : 12:00 UT 1 Jan 2000 (JD 2451545.0) Jupiter/Earth Comparisonxxxx'''Jupiter'''{{subst:Autobot/sandbox4 | ime = Jupiter Bulk parameters Jupiter Earth Ratio (Jupiter/Earth) Mass (1024 kg) 1,898.6 5.9736 317.83 Volume (1010 km3) 143,128 108.321 1321.33 Radius (1 bar level) (km) Equatorial 71,492 6,378.1 11.209 Polar 66,854 6,356.8 10.517 Volumetric mean radius (km) 69,911 6,371.0 10.973 Ellipticity 0.06487 0.00335 19.36 Mean density (kg/m3) 1,326 5,515 0.240 Gravity (eq., 1 bar) (m/s2) 24.79 9.80 2.530 Acceleration (eq., 1 bar) (m/s2) 23.12 9.78 2.364 Escape velocity (km/s) 59.5 11.19 5.32 GM (x 106 km3/s2) 126.686 0.3986 317.8 Bond albedo 0.343 0.306 1.12 Visual geometric albedo 0.52 0.367 1.42 Visual magnitude V(1,0) -9.40 -3.86 - Solar irradiance (W/m2) 50.50 1367.6 0.037 Black-body temperature (K) 110.0 254.3 0.433 Moment of inertia (I/MR2) 0.254 0.3308 0.768 J2 (x 10-6) 14,736 1082.63 13.611 Number of natural satellites 67 1 Planetary ring system Yes No Orbital parameters Jupiter Earth Ratio (Jupiter/Earth) Semimajor axis (106 km) 778.57 149.60 5.204 Sidereal orbit period (days) 4,332.589 365.256 11.862 Tropical orbit period (days) 4,330.595 365.242 11.857 Perihelion (106 km) 740.52 147.09 5.034 Aphelion (106 km) 816.62 152.10 5.369 Synodic period (days) 398.88 - - Mean orbital velocity (km/s) 13.07 29.78 0.439 Max. orbital velocity (km/s) 13.72 30.29 0.453 Min. orbital velocity (km/s) 12.44 29.29 0.425 Orbit inclination (deg) 1.304 0.000 - Orbit eccentricity 0.0489 0.0167 2.928 Sidereal rotation period (hours) 9.9250* 23.9345 0.415 Length of day (hrs) 9.9259 24.0000 0.414 Obliquity to orbit (deg) 3.13 23.44 0.134 | Mass (1024 kg) = 1,898.6 | Volume (1010 km3) = 143,128 Radius (1 bar level) (km) | = Equatorial 71,492 | = Polar 66,854 | Volumetric mean radius (km) = 69,911 | Ellipticity = 0.06487 | Mean density (kg/m3) = 1,326 | Gravity (eq., 1 bar) (m/s2) = 24.79 | Acceleration (eq., 1 bar) (m/s2) = 23.12 | Escape velocity (km/s) = 59.5 | GM (x 106 km3/s2) = 126.686 | Bond albedo = 0.343 | Visual geometric albedo = 0.52 Visual magnitude V(1,0) -9.40 -3.86 - | Solar irradiance (W/m2) = 50.50 | Black-body temperature (K) = 110.0 | Moment of inertia (I/MR2) = 0.254 | J2 (x 10-6) = 14,736 Number of natural satellites 67 1 Planetary ring system Yes No Orbital parameters Jupiter Earth Ratio (Jupiter/Earth) | Semimajor axis (106 km) = 778.57 | Sidereal orbit period (days) = 4,332.589 | Tropical orbit period (days) = 4,330.595 | Perihelion (106 km) = 740.52 | Aphelion (106 km) = 816.62 Synodic period (days) 398.88 - - | Mean orbital velocity (km/s) = 13.07 | Max. orbital velocity (km/s) = 13.72 | Min. orbital velocity (km/s) = 12.44 Orbit inclination (deg) 1.304 0.000 - | Orbit eccentricity = 0.0489 | Sidereal rotation period (hours) = 9.9250* | Length of day (hrs) = 9.9259 | Obliquity to orbit (deg) = 3.13 * System III (1965.0) coordinates Jupiter Observational Parameters Discoverer: Unknown Discovery Date: Prehistoric Distance from Earth Minimum (106 km) 588.5 Maximum (106 km) 968.1 Apparent diameter from Earth Maximum (seconds of arc) 50.1 Minimum (seconds of arc) 29.8 Mean values at opposition from Earth Distance from Earth (106 km) 628.76 Apparent diameter (seconds of arc) 46.9 Apparent visual magnitude -2.7 Maximum apparent visual magnitude -2.94 Jupiter Mean Orbital Elements (J2000) Semimajor axis (AU) 5.20336301 Orbital eccentricity 0.04839266 Orbital inclination (deg) 1.30530 Longitude of ascending node (deg) 100.55615 Longitude of perihelion (deg) 14.75385 Mean Longitude (deg) 34.40438 North Pole of Rotation Right Ascension: 268.05 - 0.009T Declination : 64.49 + 0.003T Reference Date : 12:00 UT 1 Jan 2000 (JD 2451545.0) Saturn/Earth Comparisoxxxx'''Saturn'''{{subst:Autobot/sandbox4 | ime = Saturn Bulk parameters Saturn Earth Ratio (Saturn/Earth) Mass (1024 kg) 568.46 5.9736 95.159 Volume (1010 km3) 82,713 108.321 763.59 Radius (1 bar level) (km) Equatorial 60,268 6,378.1 9.449 Polar 54,364 6,356.8 8.552 Volumetric mean radius (km) 58,232 6,371.0 9.140 Ellipticity (Flattening) 0.09796 0.00335 29.24 Mean density (kg/m3) 687 5,515 0.125 Gravity (eq., 1 bar) (m/s2) 10.44 9.80 1.065 Acceleration (eq., 1 bar) (m/s2) 8.96 9.78 0.916 Escape velocity (km/s) 35.5 11.19 3.172 GM (x 106 km3/s2) 37.931 0.3986 95.16 Bond albedo 0.342 0.306 1.12 Visual geometric albedo 0.47 0.367 1.28 Visual magnitude V(1,0) -8.88 -3.86 - Solar irradiance (W/m2) 14.90 1,367.6 0.011 Black-body temperature (K) 81.1 254.3 0.319 Moment of inertia (I/MR2) 0.210 0.3308 0.635 J2 (x 10-6) 16,298. 1082.63 15.054 Number of natural satellites 62 1 Planetary ring system Yes No Orbital parameters Saturn Earth Ratio (Saturn/Earth) Semimajor axis (106 km) 1,433.53 149.60 9.582 Sidereal orbit period (days) 10,759.22 365.256 29.457 Tropical orbit period (days) 10,746.94 365.242 29.424 Perihelion (106 km) 1,352.55 147.09 9.195 Aphelion (106 km) 1,514.50 152.10 9.957 Synodic period (days) 378.09 - - Mean orbital velocity (km/s) 9.69 29.78 0.325 Max. orbital velocity (km/s) 10.18 30.29 0.336 Min. orbital velocity (km/s) 9.09 29.29 0.310 Orbit inclination (deg) 2.485 0.000 - Orbit eccentricity 0.0565 0.0167 3.383 Sidereal rotation period (hours) 10.656* 23.9345 0.445 Length of day (hrs) 10.656 24.0000 0.444 Obliquity to orbit (deg) 26.73 23.44 1.140| Mass (1024 kg) = 568.46 | Volume (1010 km3) = 82,713 Radius (1 bar level) (km) | = Equatorial 60,268 | = Polar 54,364 | Volumetric mean radius (km) = 58,232 | Ellipticity (Flattening) = 0.09796 | Mean density (kg/m3) = 687 | Gravity (eq., 1 bar) (m/s2) = 10.44 | Acceleration (eq., 1 bar) (m/s2) = 8.96 | Escape velocity (km/s) = 35.5 | GM (x 106 km3/s2) = 37.931 | Bond albedo = 0.342 | Visual geometric albedo = 0.47 Visual magnitude V(1,0) -8.88 -3.86 - | Solar irradiance (W/m2) = 14.90 | Black-body temperature (K) = 81.1 | Moment of inertia (I/MR2) = 0.210 | J2 (x 10-6) = 16,298. Number of natural satellites 62 1 Planetary ring system Yes No Orbital parameters Saturn Earth Ratio (Saturn/Earth) | Semimajor axis (106 km) = 1,433.53 | Sidereal orbit period (days) = 10,759.22 | Tropical orbit period (days) = 10,746.94 | Perihelion (106 km) = 1,352.55 | Aphelion (106 km) = 1,514.50 Synodic period (days) 378.09 - - | Mean orbital velocity (km/s) = 9.69 | Max. orbital velocity (km/s) = 10.18 | Min. orbital velocity (km/s) = 9.09 Orbit inclination (deg) 2.485 0.000 - | Orbit eccentricity = 0.0565 | Sidereal rotation period (hours) = 10.656* | Length of day (hrs) = 10.656 | Obliquity to orbit (deg) = 26.73 * Saturnian System III coordinates Saturn Observational Parameters Discoverer: Unknown Discovery Date: Prehistoric Distance from Earth Minimum (106 km) 1195.5 Maximum (106 km) 1658.5 Apparent diameter from Earth Maximum (seconds of arc) 20.1 Minimum (seconds of arc) 14.5 Mean values at opposition from Earth Distance from Earth (106 km) 1277.42 Apparent diameter (seconds of arc) 19.5 Apparent visual magnitude 0.7 Maximum apparent visual magnitude 0.43 Saturn Mean Orbital Elements (J2000) Semimajor axis (AU) 9.53707032 Orbital eccentricity 0.05415060 Orbital inclination (deg) 2.48446 Longitude of ascending node (deg) 113.71504 Longitude of perihelion (deg) 92.43194 Mean Longitude (deg) 49.94432 North Pole of Rotation Right Ascension: 40.5954 - 0.0577T Declination : 83.5380 - 0.0066T Reference Date : 12:00 UT 1 Jan 2000 (JD 2451545.0) Uranus/Earth Comparisonxxxx'''Uranus'''{{subst:Autobot/sandbox4 | ime = Uranus Bulk parameters Uranus Earth Ratio (Uranus/Earth) Mass (1024 kg) 86.832 5.9736 14.536 Volume (1010 km3) 6,833 108.321 63.08 Radius (1 bar level) (km) Equatorial 25,559 6,378.1 4.007 Polar 24,973 6,356.8 3.929 Volumetric mean radius (km) 25,362 6,371.0 3.981 Ellipticity (Flattening) 0.02293 0.00335 6.84 Mean density (kg/m3) 1,270 5,515 0.230 Gravity (eq., 1 bar) (m/s2) 8.87 9.80 0.905 Acceleration (eq., 1 bar) (m/s2) 8.69 9.78 0.889 Escape velocity (km/s) 21.3 11.19 1.903 GM (x 106 km3/s2) 5.794 0.3986 14.536 Bond albedo 0.300 0.306 0.980 Visual geometric albedo 0.51 0.367 1.390 Visual magnitude V(1,0) -7.19 -3.86 - Solar irradiance (W/m2) 3.71 1,367.6 0.0027 Black-body temperature (K) 58.2 254.3 0.229 Moment of inertia (I/MR2) 0.225 0.3308 0.680 J2 (x 10-6) 3343.43 1082.63 3.088 Number of natural satellites 27 1 Planetary ring system Yes No Orbital parameters Uranus Earth Ratio (Uranus/Earth) Semimajor axis (106 km) 2,872.46 149.60 19.201 Sidereal orbit period (days) 30,685.4 365.256 84.011 Tropical orbit period (days) 30,588.740 365.242 83.749 Perihelion (106 km) 2,741.30 147.09 18.637 Aphelion (106 km) 3,003.62 152.10 19.748 Synodic period (days) 369.66 - - Mean orbital velocity (km/s) 6.81 29.78 0.229 Max. orbital velocity (km/s) 7.11 30.29 0.235 Min. orbital velocity (km/s) 6.49 29.29 0.222 Orbit inclination (deg) 0.772 0.000 - Orbit eccentricity 0.0457 0.0167 2.737 Sidereal rotation period (hours) -17.24* 23.9345 0.720 Length of day (hrs) 17.24 24.0000 0.718 Obliquity to orbit (deg) 97.77 23.44 4.171| Mass (1024 kg) = 86.832 | Volume (1010 km3) = 6,833 Radius (1 bar level) (km) | = Equatorial 25,559 | = Polar 24,973 | Volumetric mean radius (km) = 25,362 | Ellipticity (Flattening) = 0.02293 | Mean density (kg/m3) = 1,270 | Gravity (eq., 1 bar) (m/s2) = 8.87 | Acceleration (eq., 1 bar) (m/s2) = 8.69 | Escape velocity (km/s) = 21.3 | GM (x 106 km3/s2) = 5.794 | Bond albedo = 0.300 | Visual geometric albedo = 0.51 Visual magnitude V(1,0) -7.19 -3.86 - | Solar irradiance (W/m2) = 3.71 | Black-body temperature (K) = 58.2 | Moment of inertia (I/MR2) = 0.225 | J2 (x 10-6) = 3343.43 Number of natural satellites 27 1 Planetary ring system Yes No Orbital parameters Uranus Earth Ratio (Uranus/Earth) | Semimajor axis (106 km) = 2,872.46 | Sidereal orbit period (days) = 30,685.4 | Tropical orbit period (days) = 30,588.740 | Perihelion (106 km) = 2,741.30 | Aphelion (106 km) = 3,003.62 Synodic period (days) 369.66 - - | Mean orbital velocity (km/s) = 6.81 | Max. orbital velocity (km/s) = 7.11 | Min. orbital velocity (km/s) = 6.49 Orbit inclination (deg) 0.772 0.000 - | Orbit eccentricity = 0.0457 | Sidereal rotation period (hours) = -17.24* | Length of day (hrs) = 17.24 | Obliquity to orbit (deg) = 97.77 * Magnetic coordinates (as determined by the Voyager 2 Radio Science experiment) Uranus Observational Parameters Discoverer: William Herschel Discovery Date: 13 March 1781 Distance from Earth Minimum (106 km) 2581.9 Maximum (106 km) 3157.3 Apparent diameter from Earth Maximum (seconds of arc) 4.1 Minimum (seconds of arc) 3.3 Mean values at opposition from Earth Distance from Earth (106 km) 2719.99 Apparent diameter (seconds of arc) 3.9 Apparent visual magnitude 5.5 Maximum apparent visual magnitude 5.32 Uranus Mean Orbital Elements (J2000) Semimajor axis (AU) 19.19126393 Orbital eccentricity 0.04716771 Orbital inclination (deg) 0.76986 Longitude of ascending node (deg) 74.22988 Longitude of perihelion (deg) 170.96424 Mean Longitude (deg) 313.23218 North Pole of Rotation Right Ascension: 257.43 Declination : -15.10 Reference Date : 12:00 UT 1 Jan 2000 (JD 2451545.0) Neptune/Earth Comparisonxxxx'''Neptune'''{{subst:Autobot/sandbox4 | ime = Neptune Bulk parameters Neptune Earth Ratio (Neptune/Earth) Mass (1024 kg) 102.43 5.9736 17.147 Volume (1010 km3) 6,254 108.321 57.74 Radius (1 bar level) (km) Equatorial 24,764 6,378.1 3.883 Polar 24,341 6,356.8 3.829 Volumetric mean radius (km) 24,622 6,371.0 3.865 Ellipticity (Flattening) 0.01708 0.00335 5.10 Mean density (kg/m3) 1,638 5,515 0.297 Gravity (eq., 1 bar) (m/s2) 11.15 9.80 1.14 Acceleration (eq., 1 bar) (m/s2) 11.00 9.78 1.12 Escape velocity (km/s) 23.5 11.19 2.10 GM (x 106 km3/s2) 6.8351 0.3986 17.15 Bond albedo 0.290 0.306 0.95 Visual geometric albedo 0.41 0.367 1.12 Visual magnitude V(1,0) -6.87 -3.86 - Solar irradiance (W/m2) 1.51 1,367.6 0.0011 Black-body temperature (K) 46.6 254.3 0.183 J2 (x 10-6) 3411. 1082.63 3.151 Number of natural satellites 13 1 Planetary ring system Yes No Orbital parameters Neptune Earth Ratio (Neptune/Earth) Semimajor axis (106 km) 4,495.06 149.60 30.047 Sidereal orbit period (days) 60,189. 365.256 164.79 Tropical orbit period (days) 59,799.9 365.242 163.73 Perihelion (106 km) 4,444.45 147.09 30.216 Aphelion (106 km) 4,545.67 152.10 29.886 Synodic period (days) 367.49 - - Mean orbital velocity (km/s) 5.43 29.78 0.182 Max. orbital velocity (km/s) 5.50 30.29 0.182 Min. orbital velocity (km/s) 5.37 29.29 0.183 Orbit inclination (deg) 1.769 0.000 - Orbit eccentricity 0.0113 0.0167 0.677 Sidereal rotation period (hours) 16.11* 23.9345 0.673 Length of day (hrs) 16.11 24.0000 0.671 Obliquity to orbit (deg) 28.32 23.44 1.208| Mass (1024 kg) = 102.43 | Volume (1010 km3) = 6,254 Radius (1 bar level) (km) | = Equatorial 24,764 | = Polar 24,341 | Volumetric mean radius (km) = 24,622 | Ellipticity (Flattening) = 0.01708 | Mean density (kg/m3) = 1,638 | Gravity (eq., 1 bar) (m/s2) = 11.15 | Acceleration (eq., 1 bar) (m/s2) = 11.00 | Escape velocity (km/s) = 23.5 | GM (x 106 km3/s2) = 6.8351 | Bond albedo = 0.290 | Visual geometric albedo = 0.41 Visual magnitude V(1,0) -6.87 -3.86 - | Solar irradiance (W/m2) = 1.51 | Black-body temperature (K) = 46.6 | J2 (x 10-6) = 3411. Number of natural satellites 13 1 Planetary ring system Yes No Orbital parameters Neptune Earth Ratio (Neptune/Earth) | Semimajor axis (106 km) = 4,495.06 | Sidereal orbit period (days) = 60,189. | Tropical orbit period (days) = 59,799.9 | Perihelion (106 km) = 4,444.45 | Aphelion (106 km) = 4,545.67 Synodic period (days) 367.49 - - | Mean orbital velocity (km/s) = 5.43 | Max. orbital velocity (km/s) = 5.50 | Min. orbital velocity (km/s) = 5.37 Orbit inclination (deg) 1.769 0.000 - | Orbit eccentricity = 0.0113 | Sidereal rotation period (hours) = 16.11* | Length of day (hrs) = 16.11 | Obliquity to orbit (deg) = 28.32 * Magnetic coordinates (as determined by the Voyager 2 Radio Science experiment) Neptune Observational Parameters Discoverer: Johann Gottfried Galle (based on predictions by John Couch Adams and Urbain Leverrier) Discovery Date: 23 September 1846 Distance from Earth Minimum (106 km) 4305.9 Maximum (106 km) 4687.3 Apparent diameter from Earth Maximum (seconds of arc) 2.4 Minimum (seconds of arc) 2.2 Mean values at opposition from Earth Distance from Earth (106 km) 4347.31 Apparent diameter (seconds of arc) 2.3 Apparent visual magnitude 7.8 Maximum apparent visual magnitude 7.78 Neptune Mean Orbital Elements (J2000) Semimajor axis (AU) 30.06896348 Orbital eccentricity 0.00858587 Orbital inclination (deg) 1.76917 Longitude of ascending node (deg) 131.72169 Longitude of perihelion (deg) 44.97135 Mean Longitude (deg) 304.88003 North Pole of Rotation Right Ascension: 299.36 + 0.70 sin N Declination : 43.46 - 0.51 cos N Reference Date : 12:00 UT 1 Jan 2000 (JD 2451545.0) N = 359.28 + 549.308T degrees Pluto/Earth Comparisonxxxx'''Pluto'''{{subst:Autobot/sandbox4 | ime = Pluto Bulk parameters Pluto Earth Ratio (Pluto/Earth) Mass (1024 kg) 0.0125 5.9736 0.0021 Volume (1010 km3) 0.715 108.321 0.0066 Equatorial radius (km) 1195 6378.1 0.187 Polar radius (km) 1195 6356.8 0.188 Volumetric mean radius (km) 1195 6371.0 0.188 Ellipticity (Flattening) 0.0000 0.00335 0.0 Mean density (kg/m3) 1750 5515 0.317 Surface gravity (m/s2) 0.58 9.80 0.059 Surface acceleration (m/s2) 0.58 9.78 0.059 Escape velocity (km/s) 1.2 11.19 0.107 GM (x 106 km3/s2) 0.00083 0.3986 0.0021 Bond albedo 0.4 - 0.6 0.306 1.3 - 2.0 Visual geometric albedo 0.5 - 0.7 0.367 1.4 - 1.9 Visual magnitude V(1,0) -1.0 -3.86 - Solar irradiance (W/m2) 0.89 1367.6 0.0007 Black-body temperature (K) 37.5 254.3 0.147 Number of natural satellites 5 1 Planetary ring system No No Orbital parameters Pluto Earth Ratio (Pluto/Earth) Semimajor axis (106 km) 5906.38 149.60 39.482 Sidereal orbit period (days) 90,465 365.256 247.68 Tropical orbit period (days) 90,588 365.242 248.02 Perihelion (106 km) 4436.82 147.09 30.164 Aphelion (106 km) 7375.93 152.10 48.494 Synodic period (days) 366.73 - - Mean orbital velocity (km/s) 4.72 29.78 0.158 Max. orbital velocity (km/s) 6.10 30.29 0.201 Min. orbital velocity (km/s) 3.71 29.29 0.127 Orbit inclination (deg) 17.16 0.000 - Orbit eccentricity 0.2488 0.0167 14.899 Sidereal rotation period (hrs) -153.2928 23.9345 6.405 Length of day (hrs) 153.2820 24.0000 6.387 Obliquity to orbit (deg) 122.53 23.44 (2.452)| Mass (1024 kg) = 0.0125 | Volume (1010 km3) = 0.715 | Equatorial radius (km) = 1195 | Polar radius (km) = 1195 | Volumetric mean radius (km) = 1195 | Ellipticity (Flattening) = 0.0000 | Mean density (kg/m3) = 1750 | Surface gravity (m/s2) = 0.58 | Surface acceleration (m/s2) = 0.58 | Escape velocity (km/s) = 1.2 | GM (x 106 km3/s2) = 0.00083 | Bond albedo = 0.4 - 0.6 | Visual geometric albedo = 0.5 - 0.7 Visual magnitude V(1,0) -1.0 -3.86 - | Solar irradiance (W/m2) = 0.89 | Black-body temperature (K) = 37.5 Number of natural satellites 5 1 Planetary ring system No No Orbital parameters Pluto Earth Ratio (Pluto/Earth) | Semimajor axis (106 km) = 5906.38 | Sidereal orbit period (days) = 90,465 | Tropical orbit period (days) = 90,588 | Perihelion (106 km) = 4436.82 | Aphelion (106 km) = 7375.93 Synodic period (days) 366.73 - - | Mean orbital velocity (km/s) = 4.72 | Max. orbital velocity (km/s) = 6.10 | Min. orbital velocity (km/s) = 3.71 Orbit inclination (deg) 17.16 0.000 - | Orbit eccentricity = 0.2488 | Sidereal rotation period (hrs) = -153.2928 | Length of day (hrs) = 153.2820 | Obliquity to orbit (deg) = 122.53 Pluto Observational Parameters Discoverer: Clyde Tombaugh Discovery Date: 18 February 1930 Distance from Earth Minimum (106 km) 4284.7 Maximum (106 km) 7528.0 Apparent diameter from Earth Maximum (seconds of arc) 0.11 Minimum (seconds of arc) 0.06 Mean values at opposition from Earth Distance from Earth (106 km) 5750.54 Apparent diameter (seconds of arc) 0.08 Apparent visual magnitude 15.1 Maximum apparent visual magnitude 13.65 Pluto Mean Orbital Elements (J2000) Semimajor axis (AU) 39.48168677 Orbital eccentricity 0.24880766 Orbital inclination (deg) 17.14175 Longitude of ascending node (deg) 110.30347 Longitude of perihelion (deg) 224.06676 Mean longitude (deg) 238.92881 On 11 February 1999 at 11:22 UT (6:22 a.m. EST), Pluto passed Neptune as the furthest planet from the Sun once again and will remain so until 5 April 2231. North Pole of Rotation Right Ascension: 313.02 Declination : 9.09 Reference Date : 12:00 UT 1 Jan 2000 (JD 2451545.0) All content in the above text box is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license Version 4 and was originally sourced from https://sr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=prev&oldid=6283231.
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