Revision 6283460 of "Корисник:Autobot/sandbox6" on srwiki
xxxx'''Mercury'''{{subst:Autobot/sandbox4 | ime = Mercury
Bulk parameters
Mercury Earth Ratio (Mercury/Earth)
| Mass (1024 kg) = 0.3302
| Volume (1010 km3) = 6.083
| Equatorial radius (km) = 2439.7
| Polar radius (km) = 2439.7
| Volumetric mean radius (km) = 2439.7
| Ellipticity (Flattening) = 0.0000
| Mean density (kg/m3) = 5427
| Surface gravity (eq.) (m/s2) = 3.70
| Surface acceleration (eq.) (m/s2) = 3.70
| Escape velocity (km/s) = 4.3
| GM (x 106 km3/s2) = 0.02203
| Bond albedo = 0.068
| Visual geometric albedo = 0.142
| Visual magnitude V(1,0) = -0.42
| Solar irradiance (W/m2) = 9126.6
| Black-body temperature (K) = 440.1
| Moment of inertia (I/MR2) = 0.33
| J2 (x 10-6) = 60.
Number of natural satellites 0 1
Planetary ring system No No
Orbital parameters
Mercury Earth Ratio (Mercury/Earth)
| Semimajor axis (106 km) = 57.91
| Sidereal orbit period (days) = 87.969
| Tropical orbit period (days) = 87.968
| Perihelion (106 km) = 46.00
| Aphelion (106 km) = 69.82
Synodic period (days) 115.88 - -
| Mean orbital velocity (km/s) = 47.87
| Max. orbital velocity (km/s) = 58.98
| Min. orbital velocity (km/s) = 38.86
| Orbit inclination (deg) = 7.00
| Orbit eccentricity = 0.2056
| Sidereal rotation period (hrs) = 1407.6
| Length of day (hrs) = 4222.6
| Obliquity to orbit (deg) = ~0
Mercury Observational Parameters
Discoverer: Unknown
Discovery Date: Prehistoric
Distance from Earth
Minimum (106 km) 77.3
Maximum (106 km) 221.9
Apparent diameter from Earth
Maximum (seconds of arc) 13.
Minimum (seconds of arc) 4.5
Maximum visual magnitude -1.9
Mean values at inferior conjunction with Earth
Distance from Earth (106 km) 91.70
Apparent diameter (seconds of arc) 11.0
Mercury Mean Orbital Elements (J2000)
Semimajor axis (AU) 0.38709893
Orbital eccentricity 0.20563069
Orbital inclination (deg) 7.00487
Longitude of ascending node (deg) 48.33167
Longitude of perihelion (deg) 77.45645
Mean Longitude (deg) 252.25084
North Pole of Rotation
Right Ascension: 281.01 - 0.003T
Declination : 61.45 - 0.005T
Reference Date : 12:00 UT 1 Jan 2000 (JD 2451545.0)
T = Julian centuries from reference date
xxxx'''Venus'''{{subst:Autobot/sandbox4 | ime = Venus
Bulk parameters
Venus Earth Ratio (Venus/Earth)
| Mass (1024 kg) = 4.8685
| Volume (1010 km3) = 92.843
| Equatorial radius (km) = 6051.8
| Polar radius (km) = 6051.8
| Volumetric mean radius (km) = 6051.8
| Ellipticity (Flattening) = 0.000
| Mean density (kg/m3) = 5243
| Surface gravity (eq.) (m/s2) = 8.87
| Surface acceleration (eq.) (m/s2) = 8.87
| Escape velocity (km/s) = 10.36
| GM (x 106 km3/s2) = 0.3249
| Bond albedo = 0.90
| Visual geometric albedo = 0.67
| Visual magnitude V(1,0) = -4.40
| Solar irradiance (W/m2) = 2613.9
| Black-body temperature (K) = 184.2
| Topographic range (km) = 15
| Moment of inertia (I/MR2) = 0.33
| J2 (x 10-6) = 4.458
Number of natural satellites 0 1
Planetary ring system No No
Orbital parameters
Venus Earth Ratio (Venus/Earth)
| Semimajor axis (106 km) = 108.21
| Sidereal orbit period (days) = 224.701
| Tropical orbit period (days) = 224.695
| Perihelion (106 km) = 107.48
| Aphelion (106 km) = 108.94
Synodic period (days) 583.92 - -
| Mean orbital velocity (km/s) = 35.02
| Max. orbital velocity (km/s) = 35.26
| Min. orbital velocity (km/s) = 34.79
| Orbit inclination (deg) = 3.39
| Orbit eccentricity = 0.0067
| Sidereal rotation period (hrs) = -5832.5
| Length of day (hrs) = 2802.0
| Obliquity to orbit (deg) = 177.36
Venus Observational Parameters
Discoverer: Unknown
Discovery Date: Prehistoric
Distance from Earth
Minimum (106 km) 38.2
Maximum (106 km) 261.0
Apparent diameter from Earth
Maximum (seconds of arc) 66.0
Minimum (seconds of arc) 9.7
Maximum visual magnitude -4.6
Mean values at inferior conjunction with Earth
Distance from Earth (106 km) 41.44
Apparent diameter (seconds of arc) 60.2
Venus Mean Orbital Elements (J2000)
Semimajor axis (AU) 0.72333199
Orbital eccentricity 0.00677323
Orbital inclination (deg) 3.39471
Longitude of ascending node (deg) 76.68069
Longitude of perihelion (deg) 131.53298
Mean Longitude (deg) 181.97973
North Pole of Rotation
Right Ascension: 272.76
Declination : 67.16
Reference Date : 12:00 UT 1 Jan 2000 (JD 2451545.0)
xxxx'''Moon'''{{subst:Autobot/sandbox4 | ime = Moon
Bulk parameters
Moon Earth Ratio (Moon/Earth)
| Mass (1024 kg) = 0.07349
| Volume (1010 km3) = 2.1958
| Equatorial radius (km) = 1738.1
| Polar radius (km) = 1736.0
| Volumetric mean radius (km) = 1737.1
| Ellipticity (Flattening) = 0.0012
| Mean density (kg/m3) = 3350
| Surface gravity (m/s2) = 1.62
| Surface acceleration (m/s2) = 1.62
| Escape velocity (km/s) = 2.38
| GM (x 106 km3/s2) = 0.0049
| Bond albedo = 0.11
| Visual geometric albedo = 0.12
| Visual magnitude V(1,0) = +0.21
| Solar irradiance (W/m2) = 1367.6
| Black-body temperature (K) = 270.7
| Topographic range (km) = 16
| Moment of inertia (I/MR2) = 0.394
| J2 (x 10-6) = 202.7
Orbital parameters (for orbit about the Earth)
Moon
Semimajor axis (106 km) 0.3844
Perigee (106 km)* 0.3633
Apogee (106 km)* 0.4055
Revolution period (days) 27.3217
Synodic period (days) 29.53
Mean orbital velocity (km/s) 1.023
Max. orbital velocity (km/s) 1.076
Min. orbital velocity (km/s) 0.964
Inclination to ecliptic (deg) 5.145
Inclination to equator (deg) 18.28 - 28.58
Orbit eccentricity 0.0549
Sidereal rotation period (hrs) 655.728
Obliquity to orbit (deg) 6.68
Recession rate from Earth (cm/yr) 3.8
Mean values at opposition from Earth
Distance from Earth (equator, km) 378,000
Apparent diameter (seconds of arc) 1896
Apparent visual magnitude -12.74
xxxx'''Mars'''{{subst:Autobot/sandbox4 | ime = Mars
Bulk parameters
Mars Earth Ratio (Mars/Earth)
| Mass (1024 kg) = 0.64185
| Volume (1010 km3) = 16.318
| Equatorial radius (km) = 3396.2
| Polar radius (km) = 3376.2
| Volumetric mean radius (km) = 3389.5
| Core radius (km) = 1700
| Ellipticity (Flattening) = 0.00589
| Mean density (kg/m3) = 3933
| Surface gravity (m/s2) = 3.71
| Surface acceleration (m/s2) = 3.69
| Escape velocity (km/s) = 5.03
| GM (x 106 km3/s2) = 0.04283
| Bond albedo = 0.250
| Visual geometric albedo = 0.170
| Visual magnitude V(1,0) = -1.52
| Solar irradiance (W/m2) = 589.2
| Black-body temperature (K) = 210.1
| Topographic range (km) = 30
| Moment of inertia (I/MR2) = 0.366
| J2 (x 10-6) = 1960.45
Number of natural satellites 2 1
Planetary ring system No No
Orbital parameters
Mars Earth Ratio (Mars/Earth)
| Semimajor axis (106 km) = 227.92
| Sidereal orbit period (days) = 686.980
| Tropical orbit period (days) = 686.973
| Perihelion (106 km) = 206.62
| Aphelion (106 km) = 249.23
Synodic period (days) 779.94 - -
| Mean orbital velocity (km/s) = 24.13
| Max. orbital velocity (km/s) = 26.50
| Min. orbital velocity (km/s) = 21.97
| Orbit inclination (deg) = 1.850
| Orbit eccentricity = 0.0935
| Sidereal rotation period (hrs) = 24.6229
| Length of day (hrs) = 24.6597
| Obliquity to orbit (deg) = 25.19
Mars Observational Parameters
Discoverer: Unknown
Discovery Date: Prehistoric
Distance from Earth
Minimum (106 km) 55.7
Maximum (106 km) 401.3
Apparent diameter from Earth
Maximum (seconds of arc) 25.1
Minimum (seconds of arc) 3.5
Mean values at opposition from Earth
Distance from Earth (106 km) 78.39
Apparent diameter (seconds of arc) 17.9
Apparent visual magnitude -2.0
Maximum apparent visual magnitude -2.91
Mars Mean Orbital Elements (J2000)
Semimajor axis (AU) 1.52366231
Orbital eccentricity 0.09341233
Orbital inclination (deg) 1.85061
Longitude of ascending node (deg) 49.57854
Longitude of perihelion (deg) 336.04084
Mean Longitude (deg) 355.45332
North Pole of Rotation
Right Ascension: 317.681 - 0.106T
Declination : 52.887 - 0.061T
Reference Date : 12:00 UT 1 Jan 2000 (JD 2451545.0)
xxxx'''Jupiter'''{{subst:Autobot/sandbox4 | ime = Jupiter
Bulk parameters
Jupiter Earth Ratio (Jupiter/Earth)
| Mass (1024 kg) = 1,898.6
| Volume (1010 km3) = 143,128
Radius (1 bar level) (km)
| = Equatorial 71,492
| = Polar 66,854
| Volumetric mean radius (km) = 69,911
| Ellipticity = 0.06487
| Mean density (kg/m3) = 1,326
| Gravity (eq., 1 bar) (m/s2) = 24.79
| Acceleration (eq., 1 bar) (m/s2) = 23.12
| Escape velocity (km/s) = 59.5
| GM (x 106 km3/s2) = 126.686
| Bond albedo = 0.343
| Visual geometric albedo = 0.52
| Visual magnitude V(1,0) = -9.40
| Solar irradiance (W/m2) = 50.50
| Black-body temperature (K) = 110.0
| Moment of inertia (I/MR2) = 0.254
| J2 (x 10-6) = 14,736
Number of natural satellites 67 1
Planetary ring system Yes No
Orbital parameters
Jupiter Earth Ratio (Jupiter/Earth)
| Semimajor axis (106 km) = 778.57
| Sidereal orbit period (days) = 4,332.589
| Tropical orbit period (days) = 4,330.595
| Perihelion (106 km) = 740.52
| Aphelion (106 km) = 816.62
Synodic period (days) 398.88 - -
| Mean orbital velocity (km/s) = 13.07
| Max. orbital velocity (km/s) = 13.72
| Min. orbital velocity (km/s) = 12.44
| Orbit inclination (deg) = 1.304
| Orbit eccentricity = 0.0489
| Sidereal rotation period (hours) = 9.9250*
| Length of day (hrs) = 9.9259
| Obliquity to orbit (deg) = 3.13
* System III (1965.0) coordinates
Jupiter Observational Parameters
Discoverer: Unknown
Discovery Date: Prehistoric
Distance from Earth
Minimum (106 km) 588.5
Maximum (106 km) 968.1
Apparent diameter from Earth
Maximum (seconds of arc) 50.1
Minimum (seconds of arc) 29.8
Mean values at opposition from Earth
Distance from Earth (106 km) 628.76
Apparent diameter (seconds of arc) 46.9
Apparent visual magnitude -2.7
Maximum apparent visual magnitude -2.94
Jupiter Mean Orbital Elements (J2000)
Semimajor axis (AU) 5.20336301
Orbital eccentricity 0.04839266
Orbital inclination (deg) 1.30530
Longitude of ascending node (deg) 100.55615
Longitude of perihelion (deg) 14.75385
Mean Longitude (deg) 34.40438
North Pole of Rotation
Right Ascension: 268.05 - 0.009T
Declination : 64.49 + 0.003T
Reference Date : 12:00 UT 1 Jan 2000 (JD 2451545.0)
xxxx'''Saturn'''{{subst:Autobot/sandbox4 | ime = Saturn
Bulk parameters
Saturn Earth Ratio (Saturn/Earth)
| Mass (1024 kg) = 568.46
| Volume (1010 km3) = 82,713
Radius (1 bar level) (km)
| = Equatorial 60,268
| = Polar 54,364
| Volumetric mean radius (km) = 58,232
| Ellipticity (Flattening) = 0.09796
| Mean density (kg/m3) = 687
| Gravity (eq., 1 bar) (m/s2) = 10.44
| Acceleration (eq., 1 bar) (m/s2) = 8.96
| Escape velocity (km/s) = 35.5
| GM (x 106 km3/s2) = 37.931
| Bond albedo = 0.342
| Visual geometric albedo = 0.47
| Visual magnitude V(1,0) = -8.88
| Solar irradiance (W/m2) = 14.90
| Black-body temperature (K) = 81.1
| Moment of inertia (I/MR2) = 0.210
| J2 (x 10-6) = 16,298.
Number of natural satellites 62 1
Planetary ring system Yes No
Orbital parameters
Saturn Earth Ratio (Saturn/Earth)
| Semimajor axis (106 km) = 1,433.53
| Sidereal orbit period (days) = 10,759.22
| Tropical orbit period (days) = 10,746.94
| Perihelion (106 km) = 1,352.55
| Aphelion (106 km) = 1,514.50
Synodic period (days) 378.09 - -
| Mean orbital velocity (km/s) = 9.69
| Max. orbital velocity (km/s) = 10.18
| Min. orbital velocity (km/s) = 9.09
| Orbit inclination (deg) = 2.485
| Orbit eccentricity = 0.0565
| Sidereal rotation period (hours) = 10.656*
| Length of day (hrs) = 10.656
| Obliquity to orbit (deg) = 26.73
* Saturnian System III coordinates
Saturn Observational Parameters
Discoverer: Unknown
Discovery Date: Prehistoric
Distance from Earth
Minimum (106 km) 1195.5
Maximum (106 km) 1658.5
Apparent diameter from Earth
Maximum (seconds of arc) 20.1
Minimum (seconds of arc) 14.5
Mean values at opposition from Earth
Distance from Earth (106 km) 1277.42
Apparent diameter (seconds of arc) 19.5
Apparent visual magnitude 0.7
Maximum apparent visual magnitude 0.43
Saturn Mean Orbital Elements (J2000)
Semimajor axis (AU) 9.53707032
Orbital eccentricity 0.05415060
Orbital inclination (deg) 2.48446
Longitude of ascending node (deg) 113.71504
Longitude of perihelion (deg) 92.43194
Mean Longitude (deg) 49.94432
North Pole of Rotation
Right Ascension: 40.5954 - 0.0577T
Declination : 83.5380 - 0.0066T
Reference Date : 12:00 UT 1 Jan 2000 (JD 2451545.0)
xxxx'''Uranus'''{{subst:Autobot/sandbox4 | ime = Uranus
Bulk parameters
Uranus Earth Ratio (Uranus/Earth)
| Mass (1024 kg) = 86.832
| Volume (1010 km3) = 6,833
Radius (1 bar level) (km)
| = Equatorial 25,559
| = Polar 24,973
| Volumetric mean radius (km) = 25,362
| Ellipticity (Flattening) = 0.02293
| Mean density (kg/m3) = 1,270
| Gravity (eq., 1 bar) (m/s2) = 8.87
| Acceleration (eq., 1 bar) (m/s2) = 8.69
| Escape velocity (km/s) = 21.3
| GM (x 106 km3/s2) = 5.794
| Bond albedo = 0.300
| Visual geometric albedo = 0.51
| Visual magnitude V(1,0) = -7.19
| Solar irradiance (W/m2) = 3.71
| Black-body temperature (K) = 58.2
| Moment of inertia (I/MR2) = 0.225
| J2 (x 10-6) = 3343.43
Number of natural satellites 27 1
Planetary ring system Yes No
Orbital parameters
Uranus Earth Ratio (Uranus/Earth)
| Semimajor axis (106 km) = 2,872.46
| Sidereal orbit period (days) = 30,685.4
| Tropical orbit period (days) = 30,588.740
| Perihelion (106 km) = 2,741.30
| Aphelion (106 km) = 3,003.62
Synodic period (days) 369.66 - -
| Mean orbital velocity (km/s) = 6.81
| Max. orbital velocity (km/s) = 7.11
| Min. orbital velocity (km/s) = 6.49
| Orbit inclination (deg) = 0.772
| Orbit eccentricity = 0.0457
| Sidereal rotation period (hours) = -17.24*
| Length of day (hrs) = 17.24
| Obliquity to orbit (deg) = 97.77
* Magnetic coordinates (as determined by the Voyager 2 Radio Science experiment)
Uranus Observational Parameters
Discoverer: William Herschel
Discovery Date: 13 March 1781
Distance from Earth
Minimum (106 km) 2581.9
Maximum (106 km) 3157.3
Apparent diameter from Earth
Maximum (seconds of arc) 4.1
Minimum (seconds of arc) 3.3
Mean values at opposition from Earth
Distance from Earth (106 km) 2719.99
Apparent diameter (seconds of arc) 3.9
Apparent visual magnitude 5.5
Maximum apparent visual magnitude 5.32
Uranus Mean Orbital Elements (J2000)
Semimajor axis (AU) 19.19126393
Orbital eccentricity 0.04716771
Orbital inclination (deg) 0.76986
Longitude of ascending node (deg) 74.22988
Longitude of perihelion (deg) 170.96424
Mean Longitude (deg) 313.23218
North Pole of Rotation
Right Ascension: 257.43
Declination : -15.10
Reference Date : 12:00 UT 1 Jan 2000 (JD 2451545.0)
xxxx'''Neptune'''{{subst:Autobot/sandbox4 | ime = Neptune
Bulk parameters
Neptune Earth Ratio (Neptune/Earth)
| Mass (1024 kg) = 102.43
| Volume (1010 km3) = 6,254
Radius (1 bar level) (km)
| = Equatorial 24,764
| = Polar 24,341
| Volumetric mean radius (km) = 24,622
| Ellipticity (Flattening) = 0.01708
| Mean density (kg/m3) = 1,638
| Gravity (eq., 1 bar) (m/s2) = 11.15
| Acceleration (eq., 1 bar) (m/s2) = 11.00
| Escape velocity (km/s) = 23.5
| GM (x 106 km3/s2) = 6.8351
| Bond albedo = 0.290
| Visual geometric albedo = 0.41
| Visual magnitude V(1,0) = -6.87
| Solar irradiance (W/m2) = 1.51
| Black-body temperature (K) = 46.6
| J2 (x 10-6) = 3411.
Number of natural satellites 13 1
Planetary ring system Yes No
Orbital parameters
Neptune Earth Ratio (Neptune/Earth)
| Semimajor axis (106 km) = 4,495.06
| Sidereal orbit period (days) = 60,189.
| Tropical orbit period (days) = 59,799.9
| Perihelion (106 km) = 4,444.45
| Aphelion (106 km) = 4,545.67
Synodic period (days) 367.49 - -
| Mean orbital velocity (km/s) = 5.43
| Max. orbital velocity (km/s) = 5.50
| Min. orbital velocity (km/s) = 5.37
| Orbit inclination (deg) = 1.769
| Orbit eccentricity = 0.0113
| Sidereal rotation period (hours) = 16.11*
| Length of day (hrs) = 16.11
| Obliquity to orbit (deg) = 28.32
* Magnetic coordinates (as determined by the Voyager 2 Radio Science experiment)
Neptune Observational Parameters
Discoverer: Johann Gottfried Galle (based on predictions by
John Couch Adams and Urbain Leverrier)
Discovery Date: 23 September 1846
Distance from Earth
Minimum (106 km) 4305.9
Maximum (106 km) 4687.3
Apparent diameter from Earth
Maximum (seconds of arc) 2.4
Minimum (seconds of arc) 2.2
Mean values at opposition from Earth
Distance from Earth (106 km) 4347.31
Apparent diameter (seconds of arc) 2.3
Apparent visual magnitude 7.8
Maximum apparent visual magnitude 7.78
Neptune Mean Orbital Elements (J2000)
Semimajor axis (AU) 30.06896348
Orbital eccentricity 0.00858587
Orbital inclination (deg) 1.76917
Longitude of ascending node (deg) 131.72169
Longitude of perihelion (deg) 44.97135
Mean Longitude (deg) 304.88003
North Pole of Rotation
Right Ascension: 299.36 + 0.70 sin N
Declination : 43.46 - 0.51 cos N
Reference Date : 12:00 UT 1 Jan 2000 (JD 2451545.0)
N = 359.28 + 549.308T degrees
xxxx'''Pluto'''{{subst:Autobot/sandbox4 | ime = Pluto
Bulk parameters
Pluto Earth Ratio (Pluto/Earth)
| Mass (1024 kg) = 0.0125
| Volume (1010 km3) = 0.715
| Equatorial radius (km) = 1195
| Polar radius (km) = 1195
| Volumetric mean radius (km) = 1195
| Ellipticity (Flattening) = 0.0000
| Mean density (kg/m3) = 1750
| Surface gravity (m/s2) = 0.58
| Surface acceleration (m/s2) = 0.58
| Escape velocity (km/s) = 1.2
| GM (x 106 km3/s2) = 0.00083
| Bond albedo = 0.4 - 0.6
| Visual geometric albedo = 0.5 - 0.7
| Visual magnitude V(1,0) = -1.0
| Solar irradiance (W/m2) = 0.89
| Black-body temperature (K) = 37.5
Number of natural satellites 5 1
Planetary ring system No No
Orbital parameters
Pluto Earth Ratio (Pluto/Earth)
| Semimajor axis (106 km) = 5906.38
| Sidereal orbit period (days) = 90,465
| Tropical orbit period (days) = 90,588
| Perihelion (106 km) = 4436.82
| Aphelion (106 km) = 7375.93
Synodic period (days) 366.73 - -
| Mean orbital velocity (km/s) = 4.72
| Max. orbital velocity (km/s) = 6.10
| Min. orbital velocity (km/s) = 3.71
| Orbit inclination (deg) = 17.16
| Orbit eccentricity = 0.2488
| Sidereal rotation period (hrs) = -153.2928
| Length of day (hrs) = 153.2820
| Obliquity to orbit (deg) = 122.53
Pluto Observational Parameters
Discoverer: Clyde Tombaugh
Discovery Date: 18 February 1930
Distance from Earth
Minimum (106 km) 4284.7
Maximum (106 km) 7528.0
Apparent diameter from Earth
Maximum (seconds of arc) 0.11
Minimum (seconds of arc) 0.06
Mean values at opposition from Earth
Distance from Earth (106 km) 5750.54
Apparent diameter (seconds of arc) 0.08
Apparent visual magnitude 15.1
Maximum apparent visual magnitude 13.65
Pluto Mean Orbital Elements (J2000)
Semimajor axis (AU) 39.48168677
Orbital eccentricity 0.24880766
Orbital inclination (deg) 17.14175
Longitude of ascending node (deg) 110.30347
Longitude of perihelion (deg) 224.06676
Mean longitude (deg) 238.92881
On 11 February 1999 at 11:22 UT (6:22 a.m. EST), Pluto passed Neptune as the
furthest planet from the Sun once again and will remain so until 5 April 2231.
North Pole of Rotation
Right Ascension: 313.02
Declination : 9.09
Reference Date : 12:00 UT 1 Jan 2000 (JD 2451545.0)All content in the above text box is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license Version 4 and was originally sourced from https://sr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=6283460.
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