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{{About|the city and county in California}}{{Featured article}}{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2011}}{{pp-move-indef}}
{{Infobox settlement
|name = San Francisco
|official_name = City and County of San Francisco
|nickname = The City by the Bay<br />Fog City<br/>Frisco (''[[wiktionary:deprecated|deprecated]]'')<ref name="Don't Call It Frisco">{{cite news
|title = Don't Call It Frisco
|url = http://www.sfgenealogy.com/sf/history/hgoe82.htm
(contracted; show full)al financial institutions,<ref name="CityData.com"/> helping to make San Francisco rank 18th in the world's [[list of cities by GDP|top producing cities]], 8th in the United States, and [[Global Financial Centres Index|12th place]] in the top twenty global financial centers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.longfinance.net/Publications/GFCI%2011.pdf|title=The Global Financial Centres Index 11|date=March 2012|publisher=Long Finance|accessdate=2012-04-16}}</ref>

== History ==


⏎
⏎
{{Main|History of San Francisco}}
[[File:Mission San Francisco de Asis old.jpg|thumb|left|[[Mission San Francisco de Asís]] (Mission Dolores)]]The earliest archaeological evidence of human habitation of the territory of the city of San Francisco dates to 3000&nbsp;BC.<ref>{{cite web
| url=http://www.sonoma.edu/asc/projects/pointreyes/overview2.pdf
| title=Archaeological Research Issues For The Point Reyes National Seashore – Golden Gate National Recreation Area
| accessdate=June 12, 2008
(contracted; show full)| format = PDF
| work=Report prepared for Mayor’s Office of Economic and Workforce Development
| publisher=ICF Consulting
| quote = Another positive trend for the future is San Francisco’s highly entrepreneurial, flexible and innovative economy...San Francisco’s very high reliance on small business and self-employment is typical of other dynamic, fast-growing, high-technology areas across the country.}}</ref>

== Geography ==


⏎
⏎
[[File:San Francisco Landsat7 Lg.jpg|right|upright|thumb|The San Francisco Peninsula]]

San Francisco is located on the [[West Coast of the United States]] at the tip of the [[San Francisco Peninsula]] and includes significant stretches of the Pacific Ocean and [[San Francisco Bay]] within its boundaries. Several [[islands of San Francisco Bay|islands]]—[[Alcatraz Island|Alcatraz]], [[Treasure Island, California|Treasure Island]] and the adjacent [[Yerba Buena Island]], and a small portion of [[Alameda, Cal(contracted; show full)
| title = Liquefaction Damage in the Marina District during the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake
| publisher=California Geological Survey
| url = http://www.conservation.ca.gov/cgs/information/outreach/Documents/Marina%20Poster%2011x17rw2b.pdf
| format = PDF
| accessdate =June 17, 2008}}</ref>

===Climate===
{{climate chart
⏎
| San Francisco
|46.2|57.9|4.5
|48.1|61.2|4.45
|49.1|62.9|3.25
|49.9|64.3|1.46
|51.6|65.6|0.7
|53.3|67.9|0.16
|54.6|68.2|0
|55.6|69.4|0.06
|55.7|71.3|0.21
|54.3|70.4|1.12
|50.7|64.2|3.16
|46.7|58.3|4.56
|float=right
|clear=none
|units=imperial}}
A popular quote incorrectly attributed to [[Mark Twain]] is "The coldest winter I ever spent was a summer in San Francisco."<ref name="marktwain">{{cite news
| last = Nolte | first = Carl
| title = Fog Heaven: The sun will come out tomorrow. Or maybe not. It's summer in the city, and that means gray skies
| work=San Francisco Chronicle
| page = A-1
| publisher=Hearst Communications
| date = August 19, 2005
| url = http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2005/08/19/MNGOBEA9JI1.DTL&ao=all
| accessdate =June 13, 2008
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
| title = And Never the Twain Shall Tweet
| work=Urban Legends Reference Pages
| publisher=Snopes.com
| date = September 26, 2007
| url = http://www.snopes.com/quotes/twain.asp
| archiveurl = http://www.webcitation.org/618iAAceB |archivedate = 2011-08-22| deadurl=no}}</ref> San Francisco's climate is characteristic of the cool-summer [[Mediterranean climate]]<ref>Also known as Dry-Summer [[Subtropical]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''Csb'')</ref> of California’s coast, "generally characterized by moist mild winters and dry summers."<ref>[http://ggweather.com/sf/narrative.html Climate of San Francisco: Narrative Description] Golden Gate Weather Services. Retrieved September 5, 2006.</ref> Since it is surrounded on three sides by water, San Francisco's weather is strongly influenced by the [[California Current|cool currents]] of the Pacific Ocean, which moderates temperature swings and produces a remarkably mild year-round climate with little seasonal temperature variation.

[[File:San francisco in fog with rays.jpg|upright|thumb|left|[[San Francisco fog generation|Fog]] is a regular feature of San Francisco summers.]]
Among major U.S. cities, San Francisco has the coldest daily mean, maximum, and minimum temperatures for June, July and August.<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.currentresults.com/Weather-Extremes/US/coldest-cities-summer.php
| title = Coolest US Cities in Summer
| author=Osborn, Liz
| publisher=Current Results Nexus
(contracted; show full)

{{San Francisco weatherbox}}

==Cityscape==
{{Wide image|SanFrancisco from TwinPeaks dusk MC.jpg|1680px|<center>San Francisco just before sunset from [[Twin Peaks (San Francisco, California)|Twin Peaks.]]</center>}}

{{Panorama
 | image      = File:SFfromTIWithBridges.jpg
 | caption    = <center>San Francisco Cityscape from [[Treasure Island (California)|Treasure Island.]]</center>
 | height     = 240
}}

===Neighborhoods===
[[File:SF Chinatown CA.jpg|thumb|right|upright|San Francisco's [[Chinatown, San Francisco|Chinatown]] is the oldest and one of the largest in North America.]]
{{Main|Neighborhoods in San Francisco}}
{{See also|List of tallest buildings in San Francisco}}
The historic center of San Francisco is the northeast quadrant of the city bordered by [[Market Street (San Francisco)|Market Street]] to the south. It is here that the [[Financial District, San Francisco|Financial District]] is centered, with [[Union Square (San Francisco)|Union Square]], the principal shopping and hotel district, nearby. [[Cable car (railway)|Cable cars]] carry riders up steep inclines to the summit of [[Nob Hill]], once the home of the city's business tycoons, and down to [[Fisherman's Wharf, San Francisco|Fisherman's Wharf]], a tourist area featuring [[Dungeness crab]] from a still-active fishing industry. Also in this quadrant are [[Russian Hill, San Francisco|Russian Hill]], a residential neighborhood with the famously crooked [[Lombard Street (San Francisco)|Lombard Street]], [[North Beach, San Francisco|North Beach]], the city's Little Italy, and [[Telegraph Hill, San Francisco|Telegraph Hill]], which features [[Coit Tower]]. Nearby is San Francisco's [[Chinatown, San Francisco|Chinatown]], established in the 1840s.<ref>[http://www.sanfranciscochinatown.com/history/index.html The Official San Francisco Chinatown Website]. Sanfranciscochinatown.com. Retrieved on 2012-02-16.</ref><ref>[http://www.mtholyoke.edu/offices/comm/csj/101102/chinatown.shtml Depicting Otherness: Images of San Francisco's Chinatown]. College Street Journal (2002-10-11). Retrieved on 2012-02-16.</ref><ref name="Bacon, Daniel pages 52-53">Bacon, Daniel: Walking the Barbary Coast Trail 2nd ed., pp. 52–53, Quicksilver Press, 1997</ref><ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20110615053119/http://www.sanfranciscodays.com/chinatown/ Chinatown/Grant Avenue]. San Francisco Days</ref>⏎
===Neighborhoods===
[[File:SF Chinatown CA.jpg|thumb|right|upright|San Francisco's [[Chinatown, San Francisco|Chinatown]] is the oldest and one of the largest in North America.]]

The [[Mission District]] was populated in the 19th century by [[Californio]]s and working-class immigrants from Germany, Ireland, Italy and Scandinavia. In the 1910s, a wave of Central American immigrants settled in the Mission and, in the 1950s, immigrants from [[Mexican American|Mexico]] began to predominate.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.qualityoflife-themovie.com/website/mission.html | title=Quality of Life (film website) | work=Mission District History | author=Morgan, Benjamin (Director) | y(contracted; show full)late 1990s, by 2004 South of Market began to see skyscrapers and condominiums dot the area (see [[Manhattanization]]). Following the success of nearby [[South Beach, San Francisco|South Beach]], another neighborhood, [[Mission Bay, San Francisco|Mission Bay]], underwent redevelopment, anchored by a second campus of the [[University of California, San Francisco]]. Just southwest of Mission Bay is the [[Potrero Hill]] neighborhood featuring sweeping views of downtown San Francisco.

===Beaches and parks===


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⏎
{{See also|List of parks in San Francisco}}
[[File:SF Conservatory of Flowers 3.jpg|thumb|The [[Conservatory of Flowers]] in [[Golden Gate Park]]]]
Several of San Francisco's parks and nearly all of its beaches form part of the regional [[Golden Gate National Recreation Area]], one of the most visited units of the [[National Park Service|National Park system]] in the United States with over 13&nbsp;million visitors a year. Among the GGNRA's attractions within the city are [[Ocean Beach (San Fr(contracted; show full)
| title = Candlestick Point SRA
| publisher=California State Parks Department
| url = http://parks.ca.gov/?page_id=519
| accessdate =January 27, 2009}}</ref>

==Culture and contemporary life==
{{Main|Culture of San Francisco}}
⏎
{{See also|San Francisco in popular culture }}

[[File:Fillmore-sidewalk-1.jpg|thumb|right|Boutiques along [[Fillmore Street]] in [[Pacific Heights, San Francisco|Pacific Heights]]]]

Although the [[Financial District (San Francisco)|Financial District]], [[Union Square, San Francisco|Union Square]], and [[Fisherman's Wharf, San Francisco|Fisherman's Wharf]] are well-known around the world, San Francisco is also characterized by its numerous culturally rich streetscapes featuring [[mixed-use development|mixed-use]] neighborhoods anchored arou(contracted; show full)

===Entertainment and performing arts===
[[File:SFWMOHLobbySouth.jpg|thumb|left|The lobby of the [[War Memorial Opera House (San Francisco)|War Memorial Opera House]], one of the last buildings erected in [[Beaux-Arts architecture|Beaux Arts]] style in the United States]]
⏎
San Francisco's [[San Francisco War Memorial and Performing Arts Center|War Memorial and Performing Arts Center]] hosts some of the most enduring performing-arts companies in the U.S. The [[War Memorial Opera House]] houses the [[San Francisco Opera]], the second-largest opera company in North America<ref>The San Francisco Opera is second in size only to New York City's [[Metropolitan Opera]]</ref> as well as the [[San Francisco Ballet]], while the [[San Francisco Symphony]] plays in [[Louise M. Davies Symphony Hall|Davies Symphony Hall]]. The [[Herbst Theatre]] stages an eclectic mix of music performances, as well as [[National Public Radio|public radio]]'s ''[[City Arts & Lectures]].''

[[The Fillmore]] is a music venue located in the [[Western Addition, San Francisco|Western Addition]]. It is the second incarnation of the historic venue that gained fame in the 1960s under concert promoter [[Bill Graham (promoter)|Bill Graham]], housing the stage where now-famous musicians such as the [[Grateful Dead]], [[Janis Joplin]], [[Led Zeppelin]] and [[Jefferson Airplane]] first performed, fostering the [[San Francisco Sound]]. ''[[Beach Blanket Babylon]]'' is a zany musical r(contracted; show full)California Academy of Sciences]], a [[natural history]] museum that also hosts the [[Morrison Planetarium]] and [[Steinhart Aquarium]]. Its current structure, featuring a [[living roof]], is an example of [[sustainable architecture]] and opened in 2008. The [[Palace of Fine Arts]], built originally for the [[Panama-Pacific International Exposition (1915)|1915 Panama-Pacific Exposition]], has since 1969 housed the [[Exploratorium]], an interactive science museum.

===Media===
{{Main|Media in San Francisco}}
⏎
The major daily newspaper in San Francisco is the ''[[San Francisco Chronicle]]'', which is currently Northern California's most widely circulated newspaper.<ref>{{cite web
| title = Top 200 Newspapers by Largest Reported Circulation
| publisher=Audit Bureau of Circulations
| url = http://www.accessabc.com/products/top200.htm
| date = March 31, 2007
| archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20070813073544/http://www.accessabc.com/products/top200.htm
| archivedate= August 13, 2007
| accessdate =June 14, 2008}}</ref> The Chronicle is most famous for a former columnist, the late [[Herb Caen]], whose daily musings attracted critical acclaim and represented the "voice of San Francisco". The ''[[San Francisco Examiner]]'', once the cornerstone of [[William Randolph Hearst]]'s media empire and the home of [[Ambrose Bierce]], declined in circulation over the years and now takes the form of a free daily tabloid.<ref>{{cite news
| last = Rosenberg | first = Scott
| title = The San Francisco Examiner, 1887–2000
| publisher=Salon.com | date = March 21, 2000
| url = http://archive.salon.com/media/feature/2000/03/21/examiner/index.html
| archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20090627064603/http://archive.salon.com/media/feature/2000/03/21/examiner/index.html
| archivedate = 2009-06-27
| accessdate =June 15, 2008
}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
| last = Nolte | first = Carl
| title = Examiner Staff Ends an Era With Tears, Newsroom Tales
| work=San Francisco Chronicle | page = A-1 | publisher=Hearst Communications
| date = November 22, 2000
| url = http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2000/11/22/MN121380.DTL&hw=san+francisco+examiner&sn=005&sc=498
| accessdate =June 15, 2008
}}</ref> ''[[Sing Tao Daily]]'' claims to be the largest of several Chinese language dailies that serve the Bay Area.<ref>{{cite news
| last = Hua | first = Vanessa
| title = Newspaper war in the Bay Area: Ming Pao becomes 6th Chinese-language daily
| work=San Francisco Chronicle | page = B-1 | publisher=Hearst Communications
| date = August 3, 2004
| url = http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2004/08/03/BAGI781MM91.DTL
| accessdate =June 14, 2008
}}</ref> [[Alternative weekly]] newspapers include the ''[[San Francisco Bay Guardian]]'' and ''[[SF Weekly|SF&nbsp;Weekly]]''. ''[[San Francisco Magazine]]'' and ''[[7x7 Magazine|7x7]]'' are major glossy magazines about San Francisco. The national newsmagazine ''[[Mother Jones (magazine)|Mother Jones]]'' is also based in San Francisco.

The San Francisco Bay Area is the sixth-largest [[designated market area|TV&nbsp;market]]<ref>{{cite web
| title = Local Television Market Universe Estimates
| publisher=Nielsen Media | date = September 22, 2007
| url = http://www.nielsenmedia.com/nc/nmr_static/docs/2007-2008_DMA_Ranks.xls
| archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20070927200433/http://www.nielsenmedia.com/nc/nmr_static/docs/2007-2008_DMA_Ranks.xls
| archivedate = 2007-09-27
(contracted; show full)
| date = June 17, 2004
| url = http://www.pacifica.org/documents/pdf/ArbitronRatingsWinter2004.pdf | archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20050423215537/http://www.pacifica.org/documents/pdf/ArbitronRatingsWinter2004.pdf | archivedate = 2005-04-23 | format = PDF
| accessdate =June 14, 2008
}}</ref> San Francisco–based [[CNET Networks|CNET]] and [[Salon.com]] pioneered the use of the Internet as a media outlet.

===Sports and recreation===
{{Main|Sports in San Francisco}}
⏎
The [[San Francisco 49ers]] of the [[National Football League]] (NFL) are the longest-tenured major professional sports franchise in the city. The team began play in 1946 as an [[All-America Football Conference]] (AAFC) league charter member, moved to the NFL in 1950 and into [[Candlestick Park]] in 1971. In 2006, the team's owners announced plans to move the team to nearby [[Santa Clara, California]] by 2015, although the team will still be named the "San Francisco 49ers".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2006/11/09/BAGNJM99FK1.DTL |title=SAN FRANCISCO / 49ers say they are moving to Santa Clara |publisher=Sfgate.com |date=2006-11-09 |accessdate=2012-03-28 |first1=Phillip |last1=Matier |first2=Andrew |last2=Ross}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/20111206/WIRE/111209685 |title=San Francisco mayor: 49ers move to Santa Clara all but assured |publisher=PressDemocrat.com |date=2011-12-06 |accessdate=2012-03-28}}</ref> The 49ers have won five [[Super Bowl]] titles in the 1980s and 1990s behind coaches [[Bill Walsh (American football coach)|Bill Walsh]] and [[George Seifert]], and stars such as [[Joe Montana]], [[Steve Young (athlete)|Steve Young]], [[Ronnie Lott]], and [[Jerry Rice]]. 

[[File:AT&T Park- SF.jpg|thumb|left|AT&T Park.]]
[[Major League Baseball]]'s [[San Francisco Giants]] left New York for California prior to the 1958 season. Though boasting such stars as [[Willie Mays]], [[Willie McCovey]] and [[Barry Bonds]], the club went 52 years until its first [[World Series]] title in [[2010 World Series|2010]]. The Giants play at [[AT&T Park]], which opened in 2000, a cornerstone project of the [[South Beach, San Francisco|South Beach]] and [[Mission Bay, San Franc(contracted; show full)

== Economy ==
[[File:Alcatraz11.JPEG|thumb|right|[[Alcatraz Island|Alcatraz]] receives 1.5&nbsp;million visitors per year.<ref>{{cite news
⏎
| last = Gonzales | first = Richard
| title = New Parts of Alcatraz Revealed to Public
| work=People and Places
| publisher=National Public Radio
| date = May 22, 2006
| url = http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=9977965
| accessdate =June 15, 2008}}</ref>]]

{{See also|List of companies based in San Francisco}}
Tourism, the city's largest private-sector employer,<ref name="tourism-largest-private-sector">{{cite news
| last = Flinn | first = Ryan
| title = S.F. tourism picks up, but spending stays flat
| work = San Francisco Chronicle | page= D-1
| date = September 3, 2010
(contracted; show full)itself, employing 6.25% of the city's population, followed by [[University of California, San Francisco]]. Third, at 2.04%, is [[Wells Fargo]], the largest private-sector employer.<ref name="cafr2009">[http://www.sfcontroller.org/ftp/uploadedfiles/controller/reports/CAFR/09/Statistical_section_2009.pdf City and County of San Francisco, California Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, for the Year ended June 30, 2009]. Retrieved September 25, 2010.</ref>

==Law and government==


⏎
⏎
{{Main|Government of San Francisco|Politics of San Francisco}}
<!-- The majority of this section is copied directly from http://www.sfgov.org/site/sf311_index.asp?id=55765. This is considered plagiarism. So if anyone has time, please rewrite this section. Thanks. -->
San Francisco—officially known as the City and County of San Francisco—is a [[consolidated city-county]], a status it has held since 1856.<ref>{{cite book
| last = Coy
| first = Owen Cochran
(contracted; show full)| title = 1 in 3 San Francisco employees earned $100,000
| url = http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2010/04/25/MNC51CLUBN.DTL
| publisher = San Francisco Chronicle
| date = April 26, 2010
| accessdate = March 7, 2012}}</ref>

==Demographics==
{{Historical populations|type=USA
⏎
|1848|1000
|1849|25000
|1852|34776
|1860|56802
|1870|149473
|1880|233959
|1890|298997
|1900|342782
|1910|416912
|1920|506676
|1930|634394
|1940|634536
|1950|775357
|1960|740316
|1970|715674
|1980|678974
|1990|723959
|2000|776733
|2010|805235
|footnote=Sources:<ref name="SFCensus2010">{{cite web | last = Gibson | first = Campbell | title = Population of the 100 Largest Cities and Other Urban Places in the United States: 1790 to 1990 | publisher=U.S. Census Bureau | year = 1998 | month = June | accessdate =January 29, 2006}}</ref><ref name="1849pop"/><ref name="1852pop">Official 1850 census results were destroyed by fire. This 1852 figure is from a state Census. [http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0027/tab08.txt]</ref><ref name="2011-pop-estimate">{{cite web |title=Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2011 |url=http://www.census.gov/popest/data/counties/totals/2011/tables/CO-EST2011-01-06.csv |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |accessdate=April 5, 2012}}</ref><br />See also: [[:File:SFPopulation.svg|Population Graph]]
}}

The [[2010 United States Census]]<ref>{{USCensus-2010CA}}</ref> reported that San Francisco had a population of 805,235. The [[population density]] was 17,160 per square mile (6,632/km²). The racial makeup and population of San Francisco included: 390,387 [[White (U.S. Census)|White]]s (48.5%), 267,915 [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]]s (33.3%), 121,744 [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]]s or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]]s (15.1%), 48,870 [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]]s (6.1(contracted; show full)ef> The [[San Francisco Conservatory of Music]], the only independent [[music school]] on the West Coast, grants degrees in orchestral instruments, chamber music, composition, and conducting. The [[California Culinary Academy]], associated with the [[Le Cordon Bleu]] program, offers programs in the culinary arts, baking and pastry arts, and hospitality and restaurant management.

===Primary and secondary schools===
<!--Note: All PUBLIC schools are listed in San Francisco Unified School District-->
⏎
[[Public school (government funded)|Public schools]] are run by the [[San Francisco Unified School District]] as well as the State Board of Education for some charter schools. [[Lowell High School (San Francisco)|Lowell High School]], the oldest public high school in the U.S. west of the Mississippi,<ref>{{cite web
| title = The Oldest Public High School West of the Mississippi
| work=About Lowell: Lowell History
| publisher=San Francisco Unified School District
| date = February 22, 2002
| url = http://www.sfusd.edu/schwww/sch697/about/history/
| archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20020414125943/http://www.sfusd.edu/schwww/sch697/about/history/
| archivedate = April 14, 2002
| accessdate =July 25, 2010
}}</ref> and the smaller [[School of the Arts High School (San Francisco)|School of the Arts High School]] are two of San Francisco's [[magnet school]]s at the secondary level. Just under 30% of the city's school-age population attends one of San Francisco's more than 100 [[private school|private]] or [[parochial school]]s, compared to a 10% rate nationwide.<ref name="SFGPrvtSchools">{{cite news
| last = Knight | first = Heather
| title = Many reluctantly chose private schools
| work=San Francisco Chronicle | page = A-1
| publisher=Hearst Communications
| date = May 31, 2006
| url = http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2006/05/31/MNGJIJ50T41.DTL
| accessdate =June 16, 2008
}}</ref> Nearly 40 of those schools are [[Catholic school]]s managed by the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of San Francisco|Archdiocese of San Francisco]].<ref>{{cite web
| title = School Directory August 2010
| publisher=Roman Catholic Archdiocese of San Francisco
| date = August 2010
| url = http://sfdcs.org/dcs/sites/default/files/docs/school_directory/Directory_Regular_10-11.pdf
| archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20101127114957/http://sfdcs.org/dcs/sites/default/files/docs/school_directory/Directory_Regular_10-11.pdf
| archivedate = 2010-11-27
| format = PDF
| accessdate =January 23, 2011
}}</ref>

==Transportation==
{{Main|Transportation in the San Francisco Bay Area}}

===Freeways and roads===
{{Main|List of streets in San Francisco}}

(contracted; show full) western terminus of the historic transcontinental [[Lincoln Highway]] is in [[Lincoln Park (San Francisco)|Lincoln Park]]. Major east–west thoroughfares include [[Geary Boulevard]], the [[List of streets in San Francisco|Lincoln Way]]/[[List of streets in San Francisco|Fell Street]] corridor, and [[Market Street (San Francisco)|Market Street]]/[[List of streets in San Francisco|Portola Drive]]. The metropolitan area outside of San Francisco proper has an extensive freeway network.

===Transit systems===


⏎
⏎
{{Main|San Francisco Municipal Railway}}
[[File:Cable Car.jpg|thumb|right|A [[San Francisco cable car system|cable car]] descending [[Nob Hill]]]]
A third of commuters in San Francisco used public transportation in 2005.<ref>{{cite news
| url = http://money.cnn.com/2007/06/13/real_estate/public_transit_commutes/index.htm
| title = New Yorkers are Top Transit Users
| accessdate =August 20, 2008
| author=Les Christie
| date = June 29, 2007
(contracted; show full)| url = http://www.centreforaviation.com/files/analysis/70690/PR_2012-03-27_PreliminaryResults_2011.pdf
| accessdate =April 22, 2012}}</ref>

Located across the bay, [[Oakland International Airport]] is a popular, low-cost alternative to SFO. Geographically, Oakland Airport is approximately the same distance from downtown San Francisco as SFO, but due to its location across [[San Francisco Bay]], it is greater driving distance from San Francisco.

===Seaports===


⏎
⏎
[[File:FerryBuildingEmbarcaderoBayBridge.JPG|thumb|right|The [[Ferry Building]] along the [[The Embarcadero (San Francisco)|Embarcadero]]]]
{{Main|Port of San Francisco}}
The [[Port of San Francisco]] was once the largest and busiest seaport on the West Coast. It featured rows of [[piers]] perpendicular to the shore, where cargo from the moored ships was handled by cranes and manual labor and transported to nearby warehouses. The port handled cargo to and from trans-Pacific and Atlantic destinations, and was the West Coast center of the [[West coast lumber trade|lumber trade]]. The [[1934 West Coast Longshore Strike]], an important episode in the history of the [[Labor unions in the United States|American labor movement]], brought most ports to a standstill. The advent of [[container shipping]] made pier-based ports obsolete, and most commercial berths moved to the [[Port of Oakland]] and [[Port of Richmond (California)|Port of Richmond]]. A few active berths specializing in [[break bulk cargo]] remain alongside the [[Islais Creek]] Channel.

Many piers remained derelict for years until the demolition of the [[Embarcadero Freeway]] reopened the downtown waterfront, allowing for redevelopment. The centerpiece of the port, the [[Ferry Building]], while still receiving commuter ferry traffic, has been restored and redeveloped as a gourmet marketplace. The port's other activities now focus on developing waterside assets to support recreation and tourism.

==See also==
*[[List of people associated with San Francisco]]
*[[Ships lost in San Francisco]]

==References==
;Notes
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}⏎
==References==
;Notes

;Bibliography
{{Refbegin}}
<!-- Books & Journals cited in the Notes section -->
* {{cite book
|last=De La Perouse
|first = Jean Francois
(contracted; show full)
* {{cite book | year= 1971 | publisher=Stein and Day | title=The San Francisco Earthquake | author=Thomas, Gordon and Witts, Max Morgan| isbn=978-0-8128-1360-9 | oclc= 154735 }}
* Winfield, P.H., ''The charter of San Francisco'' (The fortnightly review Vol. 157–58:2 (1945), p.&nbsp;69–75)
{{Refend}}

==External links==
{{Sister project links|San Francisco}}
⏎
* [http://www.sfgov.org/ Official website for the City and County of San Francisco]
* [http://transit.511.org/ Bay Area Public Transit Info, Schedules and Maps]
* {{Wikitravel|San Francisco}}
* [http://www.sfmuseum.org/ Virtual Museum of the City of San Francisco]

{{Geographic location
|Centre = San Francisco
|North = [[Sausalito, California|Sausalito]]<br /><small>[[Marin County, California|Marin County]]</small>
|Northeast = [[Richmond, California|Richmond]]<br /><small>[[Contra Costa County, California|Contra Costa County]]</small><br />[[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]]<br /><small>[[Alameda County, California|Alameda County]]</small>
(contracted; show full)[[vi:San Francisco]]
[[vo:San Francisco]]
[[war:San Francisco]]
[[yi:סאן פראנציסקא]]
[[yo:San Francisco]]
[[zh-yue:三藩市]]
[[diq:San Francisco]]
[[zh:旧金山]]