Difference between revisions 303775 and 303777 on testwiki

[[File:'''Apple juice'''ǝłĽ with 3apples.jpg|thumb|Apple juice with 3 [[apple]]s]]
[[Image:Applejuice f83e1c36ea.png|thumb|Clarified apple juice, from which [[pectin]] and [[starch]] have been removed, in a plastic bottle]]
'''Apple juice''' is a [[juice|fruit juice]] made by the [[Maceration (food)|maceration]] and pressing of [[apple]]s. The resulting expelled juice may be further treated by enzymatic and centrifugal clarification to remove the [[starch]] and [[pectin]], which holds fine particulate in suspension, and then [[pasteurization|pasteurize]]d for packaging in glass, metal or [[aseptic processing]] system containers, or further treated  by dehydration processes to a [[concentrate]]. 
[[File:Russet apple juice.JPG|thumb|[[Russet apple]] juice from [[Bolney]], [[Mid Sussex]], [[England]], in a glass.]]
Due to the complex and costly equipment required to extract and clarify juice from apples in large volume, apple juice is normally commercially produced. In the [[United States]ġ], unfiltered fresh apple juice is made 
by smaller operations in areas of high apple production, in the form of unclarified [[apple cider]]. Apple juice is one of the most common fruit juices in the world, with world production led by [[China]], [[Poland]], the United States, and [[Germany]].<ref>[http://ffas.usda.gov/htp/horticulture/Apple%20Juice/Apple%20Juice%20Feature%20May%202005.pdf USDA Foreign Agricultural Service. World Apple Juice Situation. 2004-2005.] Retrieved 2008-02-20.{{dead link|date=January 2012}}</ref>

==Health effects==
[[Vitamin C]] is sometimes added by fortification, because content is variable,<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20051023040512/http://www.nafex.org/jansonfiles/JansonJan68.htm Vitamin C in selected varieties]</ref> and much of that is lost in processing.{{citation needed|date=January 2012}} Vitamin C also helps to prevent oxidation of the product.<ref>[http://www.sandringhamestate.co.uk/Produce.asp?S=10&V=1&P=34 Sandringham Estate: Apple Juice]</ref> Other vitamin concentrations are low, but apple juice does contain various mineral nutrients, including [[boron]], which may promote healthy bones.<ref>[http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all?content=10.1080/10643380590900200 Parks and Edwards (2005) Boron in the Environment] Retrieved 2008-08-13</ref>
Apple juice has a significant concentration of [[natural phenol]]s of low molecular weight (including [[chlorogenic acid]], [[flavan-3-ol]]s, and [[flavonol]]s) and [[procyanidin]]s<ref>Fractionation of polyphenol-enriched apple juice extracts to identify constituents with cancer chemopreventive potential. Henriette Zessner, Lydia Pan, Frank Will, Karin Klimo, Jutta Knauft, Regina Niewöhner, Wolfgang Hümmer, Robert Owen, Elke Richling, Norbert Frank, Peter Schreier, Hans Becker and Clarissa Gerhauser, Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, Supplement: Natural Products and Dietary Prevention of Cancer, Volume 52, Issue Supplement 1, pages S28–S44, June 2010, {{doi|10.1002/mnfr.200700317}}</ref> that may protect from diseases associated with aging due to the [[antioxidant]] effects which help reduce the likelihood of developing [[cancer]] and  [[Alzheimer's disease]].<ref name="Willow Lawson">{{cite web
| url=  http://www.psychologytoday.com/articles/200603/apple-your-thoughts
| title= Apples and apple juice contain antioxidants that protect cells throughout the body, particularly the brain and heart 
| last=  Lawson
| first= Willow  
| publisher=  Psychology Today
| date=  March 8, 2006 
| accessdate =  2010-06-19
}}</ref> Research suggests that apple juice increases [[acetylcholine]] in the brain, possibly resulting in improved [[memory]].<ref>[http://www.webmd.com/brain/news/20060804/apple-juice-boost-memory Apple Juice May Boost Memory]. WebMD</ref>
Despite having some health benefits, apple juice is high in sugar. It has 28&nbsp;g carbohydrates (24&nbsp;g sugars) per {{convert|8|oz|g|abbr=in|disp=flip}}. This results in 130 calories per {{convert|8|oz|g|abbr=in|disp=flip}} – protein and fat are not significant. Also like most fruit juice, apple juice contains a similar amount of sugar as the raw fruit, but lacks the fiber content.

==Apple cider==
{{main|Apple cider}}
While ''apple juice'' generally refers to the filtered, pasteurised product of apple pressing, an unfiltered and sometimes unpasteurised product commonly known as apple cider in the United States and parts of Canada may be packaged and sold as ''apple juice''. In the U.S., the opposite is often seen; filtered and clarified juice (including carbonated varieties) may be sold as "apple cider", thus there is an unclear distinction between filtered apple juice and ''natural'' apple cider.<ref>[http://www.straightdope.com/classics/a2_048.html What's the difference between apple juice and apple cider?], ''The Straight Dope''. Retrieved 2008-02-20.</ref> In other places such as New Zealand, Australia and the United Kingdom, apple cider is an alcoholic beverage.  The alcoholic beverage referred to as ''[[cider]]'' in these areas is usually referred to as ''hard cider'' in the United States.

==See also==
*[[Malic acid]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Apple juice}}
* [http://www.hrs-spiratube.es/en/resources/case-studies/cloudy-and-clear-natural-apple-juice.aspx Production of cloudy and clear natural Apple juice]
* [http://www.sandringhamestate.co.uk/Produce.asp?S=10&V=1&P=34 Video on production of unclarified organic apple juice on The Sandringham Estate, England]
* [http://www.womanspassions.com/articles/2605.html Apple juice benefits]

{{fruit juice}}
{{Apples}}
[[Category:Apple products]]
[[Category:Fruit juice]]