Difference between revisions 303831 and 303832 on testwiki

[[File:Apple juice with 3apples.jpg|thumb|Apple juice with 3 [[apple]]s]]
[[Image:Applejuice f83e1c36ea.png|thumb|Clarified apple juice, from which [[pectin]] and [[starch]] have been removed, in a plastic bottle]]
(contracted; show full)

==Pasteurization==
Because apple juice is acidic (with a pH of 3.4) it can be [[pasteurization|pasteurized]] for less time or at lower temperatures than many other juices. For this purpose, the U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] recommends the following thermal processing times and temperatures in order to achieve a 5-log reduction of Cryptosporidium parvum as this parasite is more heat resistant than E.coli 0157:<ref>
FDA Pasteurization Regulation [http://extension.psu.edu/food/safety/course-follow-up-information/juice-haccp-resources/food-safety-juice-haccp-regulations/FDA%20Recommended%20Pasteurization%20Time.pdf FDA Pasteurization Regulation]</ref>

*160&nbsp;°  F for at least 6 seconds, 
*165&nbsp;°  F for at least 2.8 seconds, 
*170&nbsp;°  F for at least 1.3 seconds, 
*175&nbsp;°  F for at least 0.6 seconds, 
*180&nbsp;°  F for at least 0.3 seconds,

==Unpasteurized juice and foodborne illnesses==  
From 2000 to 2010 there were over 1700 cases in North America of illnesses related to drinking unpasteurized juice and ciders. The pathogens related to these foodborne illnesses included parasites, bacteria, and viruses. The most common pathogens were [[Escherichia coli O157:H7|E.coli 0157]] and 0111, [[Salmonella]], [[Cryptosporidium]], [[Clostridium botulinum]], and [[Hepatitis A]]. Pathogens can be spread in a number of ways, such as contamination where the fruit is grown, being carried in contaminated containers, or due to poor handling and washing.<ref name=healthlinkbc>Unpasteurized Fruit Juices and Ciders [http://www.healthlinkbc.ca/healthfiles/pdf/hfile72.pdf Unpasteurized Fruit Juices and Ciders]</ref>

==Storage==

To ensure that customers enjoy their apple juice as fresh as possible, it is important to consume the juice by the date provided on the label. When the juice is first purchased, it can be stored in a dark, cool place, such as a pantry or cupboard, to delay the degradation of the product  .<ref name="eatbydate.com">[http://www.eatbydate.com/drinks/fruit-juice-shelf-life-expiration-date/]</ref>. If the juice is not consumed right away, the appearance, texture, or taste of the juice might change, however if it has not past the best before date then it should be safe to consume. Once the juice package is opened, it must be resealed tightly and refrigerated right away to avoid contamination from microorganisms such as bacteria  .<ref>[http://www.stilltasty.com/fooditems/index/16373]</ref>. The ideal storage temperature for apple juice is between 0 to 4º&nbsp;°C. Depending on the original package of the apple juice, it could help to transfer the contents to a new container  .<ref>[http://www.eatbydate.com/drinks/fruit-juice-shelf-life-expiration-date/]</ref>. name="eatbydate.com"/> For example, if the original package was a Tetra Pak which does not permit contact of the product with light, then it is safe to refrigerate as is. However, if the product was initially in a glass container, transferring the apple juice into an opaque container would help extend the shelf life of the juice. This may include a thermos or plastic bottle.

==See also==
* [[List of juices]]
* [[Malic acid]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Commons category|Apple juice}}

{{fruit juice}}
{{Apples}}
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[[Category:Apple products]]
[[Category:Fruit juice]]