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Puerto Rico
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{{short description|Island of the Greater Antilles in the Caribbean}}
{{redirect-multi|2|Porto Rico|Borinquen|other uses|Porto Rico (disambiguation)|and|Borinquen (disambiguation)|and|Puerto Rico (disambiguation)}}
{{coord|18.2|-66.5|display=title}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Infobox dependency
| name = Puerto Rico
(contracted; show full)aces: Diachrony, synchrony, and contact |publisher=John Benjamins Publishing Company |author1=Amaral, Patrícia |author2=Ana Maria Carvalho |lastauthoramp=yes |year=2014 |location=Philadelphia |page=130 |isbn=9789027258007}}</ref>}} ({{langnf||Spanish|Rich Port}}; abbreviated '''PR'''),<ref name="CIA World Factbook - Puerto Rico">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/rq.html |title=CIA World Factbook - Puerto Rico
  |accessdate=  5 August 2019 |archive-date=8 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190108113942/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/rq.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> officially the '''Commonwealth of Puerto Rico''' ({{lang-es|link=yes|Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico|lit=Free Associated State of Puerto Rico}}<!-- {{IPA-es|esˈtaðo ˈliβɾe asoˈsjaðo ðe ˈpweɾto ˈriko|}} -->){{efn|The Spanish word for commonwealth is typically ''[[mancomunidad]]''.}} and in previous centuries called '''Porto Rico''' in English,{{efn|In 1932, the [[U.S. Congress]] officially back-corrected(contracted; show full), with the exception of federal '''income''' taxes which only <u>'''some'''</u> residents of Puerto Rico must still pay).</ref><ref group="Note">Contrary to common misconception, residents of Puerto Rico do pay U.S. federal taxes: customs taxes (which are subsequently returned to the Puerto Rico Treasury) (See [http://www.doi.gov/oia/Islandpages/prpage.htm Dept of the Interior, Office of Insular Affairs. DOI.gov)]
   {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120610225702/http://www.doi.gov/oia/Islandpages/prpage.htm |date=2012-06-10 }}, import/export taxes (See [http://stanford.wellsphere.com/healthcare-industry-policy-article/puerto-rico/267827 Stanford.wellsphere.com)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100401034052/http://stanford.wellsphere.com/healthcare-industry-policy-article/puerto-rico/267827 |date=2010-04-01 }}, federal commodity taxes (See [http://stanford.wellsphere.com/healthcare-industry-policy-article/puerto-rico/267827 Stanford.wellsphere.com)], social security taxes (See [https://www.irs.gov/taxtopics/tc903.html IRS.gov)], etc. Residents pay federal [[payroll tax]]es, such as [[Social Security (United States)|Social Security]] (See [https://www.irs.gov/taxtopics/tc903.html IRS.gov]) and [[Medicare (United States)|Medicare]] (See [https://www.reuters.com/article/healthNews/idUSTRE58N5X320090924 Reuters.com)], as well as Commonwealth of Puerto Rico income taxes (See [http://www.puertorico-herald.org/issues/2003/vol7n19/USNotInnocent-en.html Puertorico-herald.org] and [http://www.htrcpa.com/businessinpr1.html HTRCPA.com]     {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110429222842/http://www.htrcpa.com/businessinpr1.html |date=April 29, 2011 }}). All federal employees (See [http://www.heritage.org/research/taxes/wm2338.cfm Heritage.org)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100210124900/http://www.heritage.org/Research/Taxes/wm2338.cfm |date=2010-02-10 }}, those who do business with the federal government (See [http://www.mcvpr.com/CM/CurrentEvents/CEOsummitarticle.pdf MCVPR.com)]   {{wWebarchive|url=https://www.webcitation.org/5mp67ZoSs?url=eb.archive.org/web/20110515142411/http://www.mcvpr.com/CM/CurrentEvents/CEOsummitarticle.pdf |date=2010-01-1615 May 2011 }}, Puerto Rico-based corporations that intend to send funds to the U.S. (See [http://www.jct.gov/x-24-06.pdf p. 9, line 1.)], and some others (For example, Puerto Rican residents that are members of the U.S. military, See [http://www.heritage.org/research/taxes/wm2338.cfm Heritage.org]; and Puerto Rico residents who earned income from sources outside Puerto Rico, See [http://www.jct.gov/x-24-06.pdf, pp 14–15.)] also pay federal '''income''' taxes. In addition, because the cut(contracted; show full)Puerto Rico''' (1970)). It has also been estimated (See [http://www.eagleforum.org/column/2007/mar07/07-03-28.html Egleforum.org]) that, because the population of the Island is greater than that of 50% of the States, if it were a state, Puerto Rico would have six to eight seats in the House, in addition to the two seats in the Senate.(See [http://www.eagleforum.org/column/2007/mar07/07-03-28.html Eagleforum.org], [http://www.crf-usa.org/bill-of-rights-in-action/bria-17-4-c.html# CRF-USA.org]
   {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090610210536/http://www.crf-usa.org/bill-of-rights-in-action/bria-17-4-c.html |date=2009-06-10 }} and [http://www.thomas.gov/cgi-bin/cpquery/?&sid=cp1109rs5H&refer=&r_n=hr597.110 Thomas.gov] [For the later, the official U.S. Congress database website, a query must be resubmitted. The document in question is called "House Report 110-597 - [[Puerto Rico Democracy Act#Puerto Rico Democracy Act of 2007|Puerto Rico Democracy Act of 2007]]." Th(contracted; show full)ked for the 2017 plebiscite to be postponed but the Rosselló government chose not to do so. After the outcome was announced, the department told the Associated Press that it had "not reviewed or approved the ballot's language".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/congress/puerto-rico-mulls-political-status-in-new-referendum/2017/06/11/20415f7a-4e5b-11e7-987c-42ab5745db2e_story.html |title=- The Washington Post |website=Washington Post |accessdate=August 26, 2017
 |archive-date=17 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170617080052/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/congress/puerto-rico-mulls-political-status-in-new-referendum/2017/06/11/20415f7a-4e5b-11e7-987c-42ab5745db2e_story.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Former governor [[Aníbal Acevedo Vilá]] (2005–2009) is convinced that statehood is not the solution for either the U.S. or for Puerto Rico "for economic, identity and cultural reasons". He pointed out that voter turnout for the 2017 referendum was extremely low, and suggests that a different type of mutually-beneficial relationship should be found.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2017/07/04/clash-looms-as-puerto-rico-prepares-to-send-reps-to-washington-aft(contracted; show full)

The Commonwealth of Puerto Rico has an area of {{convert|5320|sqmi|km2|sp=us}}, of which {{convert|3420|sqmi|km2|abbr=on}} is land and {{convert|1900|sqmi|km2|abbr=on}} is water.<ref name=ciafactbook>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/rq.html#Geo |title=The World Factbook – Puerto Rico#Geography |publisher=Cia.gov |date= |accessdate=October 30, 2011
 |archive-date=8 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190108113942/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/rq.html#Geo |url-status=dead }}</ref> Puerto Rico is larger than Delaware and Rhode Island. The maximum length of the main island from east to west is {{convert|110|mi|km|abbr=on}}, and the maximum width from north to south is {{convert|40|mi|km|abbr=on}}.<ref name=topuertorico.com>{{cite web |url=http://www.topuertorico.org/descrip.shtml |title=Welcome to Puerto Rico! |publisher=topuertorico.org |accessdate=December 30, 2007 }}</ref> Puerto Rico is the smallest of the Greater Antilles. It is 80% of the size of [[Jamaica]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/jm.html#Geo |title=The World Factbook – Jamaica |publisher=[[CIA]] |accessdate=April 24, 2008 |archive-date=24 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224150649/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/jm.html#Geo |url-status=dead }}</ref> just over 18% of the size of [[Hispaniola]] and 8% of the size of Cuba, the largest of the Greater Antilles.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cu.html#Geo |title=The World Factbook – Cuba |publisher=CIA |accessdate=April 24, 2008 |archive-date=10 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160210152814/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cu.html#Geo |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The island is mostly mountainous with large coastal areas in the north and south. The main mountain range is called "[[Cordillera Central (Puerto Rico)|La Cordillera Central]]" (The Central Range). The highest elevation in Puerto Rico, [[Cerro de Punta]] {{convert|4390|ft|m}},<ref name="ciafactbook"/> is located in this range.

(contracted; show full)
Puerto Rico has a life expectancy of approximately 81.0 years according to the CIA World Factbook, an improvement from 78.7 years in 2010. This means Puerto Rico has the second highest life expectancy in the United States, if territories are taken into account.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/rq.html|title=Central America :: Puerto Rico — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency|website=www.cia.gov|access-date=2019-12-28
|archive-date=8 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190108113942/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/rq.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Immigration and emigration===
{| style="float:center;" class="wikitable"
|-
| colspan="7" style="text-align: center;" | Racial groups
|-
! Year !! Population !! White !! Mixed (mainly biracial white European and black African ) !! Black !! Asian !! Other
(contracted; show full) 85% of the population of Puerto Rico identifies as Roman Catholic, while 15% identify as Protestant and Other. Neither a date or a source for that information is provided and may not be recent.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/rq.html |title=Puerto Rico People and Society |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=2015 |website=CIA Library |publisher=CIA |access-date=February 17, 2017 |quote=Roman Catholic 85%, Protestant and other 15%
 |archive-date=8 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190108113942/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/rq.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> A 2013 Pew Research survey found that only about 45% of Puerto Rican adults identified themselves as Catholic, 29% as Protestant and 20% as unaffiliated with a religion. The people surveyed by Pew consisted of Puerto Ricans living in the 50 states and DC and may not be indicative of those living in the Commonwealth.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pewhispanic.org/2015/09/15/hispanics-of-puerto-rican-origin-in-the-united-states-2013/ |title=Hispanics of Puerto Rican Origin in the United S(contracted; show full)rmat=XLS}}</ref> Residents of Puerto Rico pay into Social Security, and are thus eligible for Social Security benefits upon retirement. They are excluded from the [[Supplemental Security Income]] (SSI), and the island actually receives a smaller fraction of the [[Medicaid]] funding it would receive if it were a U.S. state.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/2009/09/24/us-healthcare-puertorico-idUSTRE58N5X320090924 ''Puerto Rico hopes to gain from U.S. healthcare reform.'']
 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016022450/http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/09/24/us-healthcare-puertorico-idUSTRE58N5X320090924 |date=16 October 2015 }} Reuters. September 24, 2009. Retrieved July 19, 2012.</ref> Also, Medicare providers receive less-than-full state-like reimbursements for services rendered to beneficiaries in Puerto Rico, even though the latter paid fully into the system.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.prfaa.com/news/?p=252 |title=News & Media |publisher=PRFAA |date=July 6, 2009 |accessdate=October 30, 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511054048/http://www.prfaa.com/news/?p=252 |archivedate(contracted; show full)

Education in Puerto Rico is divided in three levels—Primary (elementary school grades 1–6), Secondary (intermediate and high school grades 7–12), and Higher Level (undergraduate and graduate studies). As of 2002, the literacy rate of the Puerto Rican population was 94.1%; by gender, it was 93.9% for males and 94.4% for females.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/rq.html |title=CIA FactBook |publisher=Cia.gov |accessdate=February 6, 2011
 |archive-date=8 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190108113942/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/rq.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> According to the 2000 Census, 60.0% of the population attained a high school degree or higher level of education, and 18.3% has a bachelor's degree or higher.

(contracted; show full)resupuestosAnteriores/af2008_2009/Tomo_II/suppdocs/baselegal/169/169.pdf |title=Ley de la Autoridad de Energía Eléctrica de Puerto Rico |website=Presupuesto.gobierno.pr |accessdate=August 26, 2017}}</ref> PREPA is the only entity authorized to conduct such business in Puerto Rico, effectively making it a [[government monopoly]]. The Authority is ruled by a governing board appointed by the governor with the [[advice and consent]] of the [[Senate of Puerto Rico]], and is run by an executive director.


Telecommunications in Puerto Rico includes radio, television, fixed and mobile telephones, and the Internet. Broadcasting in Puerto Rico is regulated by the [[Federal Communications Commission|U.S. Federal Communications Commission]] (FCC).<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-17140680 "Puerto Rico profile"], ''BBC News'', May 23, 2013. Retrieved January 8, 2014.</ref> {{As of|2007}}, there were 30 TV stations, 125 radio stations and roughly 1&nbsp;million TV sets on the island. Cable TV subscription services are available and the U.S. Armed Forces Radio and Television Service also broadcast on the island.<ref name=CIAWFB-PuertoRico-2013>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/rq.html "Communications: Puerto Rico"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190108113942/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/rq.html |date=8 January 2019 }}, ''World Factbook'', U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, December 9, 2013. Retrieved January 8, 2014.</ref>

==See also==
{{portal|Puerto Rico|United States|Caribbean|Islands}}
{{Wikipedia books|Puerto Rico}}
* [[Index of Puerto Rico-related articles]]
* [[Outline of Puerto Rico]]
* [[Military history of Puerto Rico]]
(contracted; show full)
[[Category:Spanish West Indies]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1898]]
[[Category:Articles containing video clips]]
[[Category:1493 establishments in the Spanish West Indies]]
[[Category:1898 disestablishments in the Spanish West Indies]]
[[Category:Small Island Developing States]]<noinclude>

<small>This page was moved from [[:en:Puerto Rico]]. Its edit history can be viewed at [[Puerto Rico/edithistory]]</small></noinclude>