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{{About|the U.S. state of Montana}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2012}}
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{{US state
| Name                = Montana
| Fullname            = State of Montana
| Flag                = Flag of Montana.svg
| Flaglink            = [[Flag of Montana|Flag]]
(contracted; show full)ually visit [[Glacier National Park (U.S.)|Glacier National Park]], the [[Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument]], and three of the five entrances to [[Yellowstone National Park]].<ref name=parks>{{cite news|url=http://billingsgazette.com/news/state-and-regional/montana/article_a9e53dca-badc-11de-9615-001cc4c03286.html|title=National-park visitors boost Montana’s tourism stats|newspaper=Billings Gazette|date=October 17, 2009|last=Thackeray|first=Lorna|accessdate=July 21, 2011}}</ref>

==
Etymology and naming historyశబ్దవ్యుత్పత్తి మరియు నామకరణ చరిత్ర==
The name Montana comes from the Spanish word ''Montaña'' meaning "mountain" or more broadly, "mountainous country".<ref name=RockyMtn>Contributions to the Historical Society of Montana, Volume 7, Rocky Mountain Publishing Co., 1910</ref> ''Montaña del Norte'' was the name given by early Spanish explorers to describe the entire mountainous region of the west.<ref name=RockyMtn/>  Historians believe General and former [[Kansas Te(contracted; show full)f [[Idaho Territory]] said he thought the names for the two territories should be reversed given Idaho was more mountainous than Montana.<ref name=LOC/>  Finally, Rep. [[Edwin Hanson Webster|Edwin Webster]] of Maryland stepped in and suggested that every father has the right to name his own child, and since the bill was the progeny of the Committee on Territories, the committee could name it whatever they wanted.<ref name=LOC/>  After more laughter the name was settled.<ref name=LOC/>

==
Geographyభౌగోళిక==
{{See also|Regional designations of Montana|Ecological systems of Montana|List of mountain ranges in Montana|List of Forests in Montana}}
[[File:Montana Map.jpg|thumb|left|300px|Map of Montana]]

With a land area of {{convert|147046|sqmi|km2}}, Montana is slightly larger than Japan and slightly smaller than [[Paraguay]]. It is the fourth largest state in the United States (after [[Alaska]], Texas, and California), the largest landlocked U.S. state, and the 56th largest national state/province subdivision in the world. To the north, Montana shares a {{convert|545|mi|km|adj=on}} border with three Canadian [[Provinces of Canada|provinces]]: [[British Columbia]], [[Alberta]], and [[Saskatchewan]]. To the east, the state borders [[North Dakota]] and [[South Dakota]]. To the south lies [[Wyoming]] and to the west and southwest is [[Idaho]].

===Topographyస్ధలాక్రుతి===
The [[topography]] of the state is diverse and roughly defined by the [[Continental Divide]], which runs on an approximate diagonal line through the state from northwest to south-central, splitting it into two distinct eastern and western regions.  Montana is well known for its mountainous western region, most of which is geologically and geographically part of the Northern [[Rocky Mountains]].  The [[Absaroka Mountains|Absaroka]] and [[Beartooth Mountains|Beartooth]] ranges in the south are technically(contracted; show full)

The [[Hell Creek Formation]] is a major source of [[dinosaur]] [[fossil]]s. [[Paleontologist]] [[Jack Horner (paleontologist)|Jack Horner]], of the [[Museum of the Rockies]] in [[Bozeman, Montana|Bozeman]], brought this formation to the world's attention with several major finds.

====
Riversనదులు====
{{See also|List of rivers of Montana|List of lakes in Montana}}
Montana also contains numerous rivers, many of which are known for "blue-ribbon" [[trout]] fishing, while also providing most of the water needed by residents of the state, and [[hydropower]].  Montana is one of few geographic areas in the world whose rivers form parts of three major [[Drainage basin|watershed]]s (i.e. where two [[continental divide]]s intersect). Its rivers feed the Pacific Ocean, the [[Gulf of Mexico]], and [[H(contracted; show full)10 [[mammal]], 17 [[reptile]] and 420 bird species.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fwp.mt.gov/wildthings/ |title=Wild Things-Species of Montana |publisher=Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Parks |accessdate=November 30, 2010}}{{dead link|date=January 2012}}</ref>  Additionally, there are over 10,000 [[invertebrate]] species, including 180 [[mollusk]]s and 30 [[crustacean]]s. Montana has the largest [[grizzly bear]] population in the lower 48 states.{{citation needed|date=January 2012}}

===
Parksఉద్యానవనాలు===
{{See also|List of Montana state parks}}
Montana contains [[Glacier National Park (U.S.)|Glacier National Park]], "The Crown of the Continent"; and portions of [[Yellowstone National Park]], including three of the Park's five entrances.  Other federally recognized sites include the [[Battle of the Little Bighorn|Little Bighorn National Monument]], [[Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area]], [[Big Hole National Battlefield]], [[Lewis and Clark Caverns]], and the [[National Bison Range]]. (contracted; show full)* [[Glacier National Park (U.S.)|Glacier National Park]]
* [[Grant-Kohrs Ranch National Historic Site]] at [[Deer Lodge, Montana]]
* [[Lewis & Clark National Historic Trail]]
* [[Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument]] near [[Crow Agency, Montana|Crow Agency]]
* [[Nez Perce National Historical Park]]
* [[Yellowstone National Park]]

===
Climateశీతోష్ణస్దితి===
[[File:Helena, Montana 1961-1990 Climate data.gif|thumb|300px|Left|Temperature and precipitation for [[Helena, Montana|Montana's capital city, Helena]]]]
(contracted; show full)ore air pollution, Study predicts global warming will increase fires in Northern Rockies | url=http://www.billingsgazette.com/news/state-and-regional/montana/article_d3d32b14-7cc6-11de-b4e3-001cc4c03286.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |publisher=Journal of Geophysical Research |title=Impacts of climate change from 2000 to 2050 on wildfire activity and carbonaceous aerosol concentrations in the western United States |url=http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/publications/spracklen_2008.pdf }}</ref>

==
Historyచరిత్ర==
{{Main|History of Montana}}
[[File:Assinniboine2.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Assiniboine people|Assiniboine]] family, Montana, 1890–91]]
[[File:SunRiver.JPG|thumb|200px|The headwaters of the [[Sun River]], just below [[Gibson Reservoir]]]]

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[[File:Montana Indian Reservations.svg|thumb|left|350px|Seven Indian reservations in Montana (borders are not exact).]]
Seven [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|American Indian]] reservations are located in Montana: [[Fort Peck Indian Reservation]], [[Fort Belknap Indian Reservation]], [[Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation]], [[Crow Indian Reservation]], [[Rocky Boy Indian Reservation|Rocky Boy's Indian Reservation]], [[Blackfeet Indian Reservation]], and the [[Flathead Indian Reservation]].

==
Cities and townsనగరాలు మరియు పట్టణాలు==
{{See also|List of cities and towns in Montana|List of counties in Montana}}

Montana has 56 [[County#United_States|counties]] with the [[United States Census Bureau]] stating Montana's contains 364 [[Place (United States Census Bureau)|"places"]], broken down into 129 [[Place_(United_States_Census_Bureau)#Incorporated_place|incorporated places]] and 235 [[census-designated places]]. Incorporated places consist of 52 cities, 75 towns, and two [[Consolidated city–county|consolidated city-co(contracted; show full)
<!--significant note that as of 2010 census, Ravalli county has now topped Butte-Silver Bow as 7th largest county, but Hamilton only 20th in city population, not sure what to do with that--><!--You would do nothing, Ravalli County is one entity Hamilton is another, they are not consolidated-->

==
Demographicsజనవిఙ్ణానాలు==
[[File:Montana population map.png|thumb|right|200px|Montana population density map]]
{{USCensusPop
|1870= 20595
|1880= 39159
|1890= 142924
|1900= 243329
|1910= 376053
(contracted; show full)

The [[center of population]] of Montana is located in [[Meagher County, Montana|Meagher County]], in the city of [[White Sulphur Springs, Montana|White Sulphur Springs]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/geo/www/cenpop/statecenters.txt|title=Population and Population Centers by State: 2000|year=2000|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|accessdate=May 7, 2008}}</ref>

===
Ancestryపూర్వీకులు===
Apart from the sizable [[Native Americans in the United States|American Indian]] population, nearly 90% of its residents are of European descent, with a large numbers of [[German American|German]], [[Irish American|Irish]], [[British American|British]], Slavic, [[Italian American|Italian]], and [[Scandinavian American|Scandinavian]] immigrants arriving between 1890–1910. About 2000–3000 Chinese miners were in Montana by 1870, and 2500 in 1890.  They were strongly opposed by labor unions, and public opin(contracted; show full)ed people of Scottish, [[Scandinavia]]n, [[Slavic peoples|Slavic]], [[English-American|English]]  and [[Scots-Irish American|Scots-Irish]] descent. Montana's [[Hispanics in the United States|Hispanic]] population is concentrated around the [[Billings, Montana|Billings]] area in south-central Montana, where many of Montana's Mexican-Americans have been in the state for generations. The highest density of African-Americans is located in [[Great Falls, Montana|Great Falls]].
{{US Demographics}}

===
Religionమతం===
The religious affiliations of the people of Montana include:

* Christian: 82%
** [[Protestant]]: 55%
*** [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]]: 15%
*** [[Methodism|Methodist]]: 8%
*** [[Baptist]]: 5%
(contracted; show full)% of Montana voters supported the legalization of same-sex marriage, while 51% opposed it and 12% were not sure. A separate question on the same survey found that 62% of respondents supported legal recognition for same-sex couples, with 32% supporting same-sex marriage, 30% supporting civil unions, 35% opposing all legal recognition and 3% not sure.<ref>[http://www.publicpolicypolling.com/pdf/2011/PPP_Release_MT_1207424.pdf Schweitzer could win Sen. nom in ’14 but maybe not MT in ‘16]</ref>

==
Economyఆర్దిక వ్యవస్ధ==
[[File:Craft Breweries Per Capita (US).png|thumb|left|200px|Montana ranks 2nd nationally in [[brewery|craft breweries]] per capita.]]
[[File:First Interstate Center, Billings, MT cropped.jpg|thumb|First Interstate Center in downtown [[Billings, Montana|Billings]], the tallest building in Montana]]
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As of January 2010, the state's unemployment rate is 6.8%.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bls.gov/lau/ |publisher=bls.gov |title= Local Area Unemployment Statistics }}</ref>

==
Cultureసంస్కృతి==
{{See also|Music of Montana}}
Montana has variety of arts and culture as well as festivals and events.

==Sports==
=== Professional sportsక్రీడలు==
=== వృత్తిపరమైన క్రీడలు ===
There are no [[Major North American professional sports leagues|major league]] sports franchises in Montana due to the state's relatively small and dispersed population, but a number of [[minor league]] teams play in the state. Baseball is the minor-league sport with the longest heritage in the state, and Montana is currently home to four [[minor league baseball|Minor League baseball teams]], all members of the [[Pioneer Baseball League]]:
* [[Billings Mustangs]]
* [[Great Falls Voyagers]]
* [[Helena Brewers]]
* [[Missoula Osprey]]

The [[Missoula Phoenix]], [[Bitterroot Blaze]], [[Gallatin Valley Snowdevils]], [[Helena Bearcats]] and the [[Great Falls Gladiators]] are semi-pro football teams in the Rocky Mountain Football League (RMFL).

===Collegiate and amateur sportsకళాశాలల మరియు ఔత్సాహిక క్రీడలు===
All of Montana's four-year colleges and universities field a variety of intercollegiate sports teams. The two largest schools, the [[University of Montana-Missoula|University of Montana]] and [[Montana State University - Bozeman|Montana State University]], are members of the [[Big Sky Conference]] and have enjoyed a strong athletic rivalry since the early twentieth century. Most of the smaller four-year schools in the state belong to the [[Frontier Conference]].

(contracted; show full)* Red Lodge Mountain near [[Red Lodge, Montana|Red Lodge]]
* [[Showdown Ski Area]] near [[White Sulphur Springs, Montana]]
* Snowbowl Ski Area near [[Missoula, Montana|Missoula]]
* [[Teton Pass Ski Area]] near [[Choteau, Montana|Choteau]]
* [[Turner Mountain Ski Resort]] near [[Libby, Montana|Libby]]
* [[Whitefish Mountain Resort]] near [[Whitefish, Montana|Whitefish]]

==
Law and governmentన్యాయ మరియు ప్రభుత్వ==
{{See also|List of Montana Governors}}

The current Governor is [[Brian Schweitzer]] (Democrat) who was sworn in on January 3, 2005. Montana's two U.S. senators are [[Max Baucus]] (Democrat) and [[Jon Tester]] (Democrat). The state's congressional representative is [[Denny Rehberg]] (Republican).

Montana in 1916 became the first state to elect a woman to [[Congress of the United States|Congress]] ([[Jeannette Rankin]]) (Republican) and was one of the first states to give women voting rights (see [[suffrage]]).

==Politicsరాజకీయాలు==
Historically, Montana is a [[swing state]] of cross-ticket voters who tend to fill elected offices with individuals from both parties.  Through the mid-20th century, the state had a tradition of "sending the liberals to Washington and the conservatives to Helena."  However, beginning in the 1980s, the pattern flipped, with voters more likely to elect conservatives to federal offices.  There have also been long-term shifts of party control. During the 1970s, the state was dominated by the [[Unit(contracted; show full)f State and State Auditor).  The Legislative branch had split party control between the house and senate most years between 2004 and 2010, when the mid-term elections returned both branches to Republican control.  The [[Montana State Senate|state Senate]] is, as of 2010, controlled by the Republicans 28 to 22, and the [[Montana House of Representatives|State House of Representatives]] at 68 to 32.

Montana is an [[Alcoholic beverage control state]].

{{Further2|[[Political party strength in Montana]]}}

==
Education==
=== Colleges and universitiesవిద్య==
=== కళాశాలలు మరియు విశ్వవిద్యాలయాలు ===
<table><tr><td valign=top>
The state-funded [[Montana University System]] consists of:
* [[Flathead Valley Community College]]
* [[Dawson Community College]]
* [[Miles Community College]]
* [[Montana State University – Bozeman]]
** [[Montana State University Billings]]
** [[Montana State University – Northern]]—Havre
** [[Montana State University College of Technology – Great Falls]]
* [[University of Montana – Missoula]]
** [[Montana Tech of the University of Montana]]—Butte
** [[University of Montana Western]]—[[Dillon, Montana|Dillon]]
** [[University of Montana – Helena College of Technology]]

Major Tribal Colleges in Montana include:
* [[Fort Peck Community College]] or [[Ft. Peck Community College]]
* [[Little Big Horn College]]
* [[Salish Kootenai College]]
* [[Stone Child College]]
* [[Blackfeet Community College- Browning]]

There are three small private colleges based in Montana, in addition to branch campuses of out-of-state schools:
* [[Carroll College (Montana)|Carroll College]]
* [[Rocky Mountain College]]
* [[University of Great Falls]]

</td></tr></table>

==Mediaమీడియా==
Montana's largest circulating daily newspapers are the [[Billings Gazette]], [[Great Falls Tribune]], and [[Missoulian]].<ref>http://www.mondotimes.com/newspapers/usa/montana-newspaper-circulation.html</ref>

==Healthఆరోగ్యం==
Montana does not have a Trauma I hospital, but does have Trauma II hospitals in Billings, Missoula, and Great Falls.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.facs.org/trauma/verified.html|title=Verified Trauma Centers|publisher=American College of Surgeons|accessdate=April 21, 2012}}</ref>

==Transportationరవాణా==
[[File:West Yellowstone MT - aerial.jpg|thumb|[[Yellowstone Airport]], [[West Yellowstone, Montana]]<ref>{{cite book |title= USA by Rail |last= Pitt |first= John |year= 2008|publisher=Bradt Travel Guides|isbn= 1-84162-255-9 |page= 100|url= http://books.google.com/?id=zaqJV1s4PMsC}}</ref>]]
{{See also|List of Montana railroads|List of Montana numbered highways|List of airports in Montana}}

(contracted; show full)

Montana and [[South Dakota]] are the only states to share a land border which is not traversed by a paved road.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nris.mt.gov/gis/gisdatalib/downloads/hwymapmdt.pdf |title=hwymap_side1.pdf |format=PDF |accessdate=January 14, 2012}}</ref>

==
State symbolsరాష్ట్ర చిహ్నాలు==
[[File:Montana quarter, reverse side, 2007.png|thumb|right|160px|Montana's state quarter, released in 2007.]]

* [[List of U.S. state flowers|State flower]]: [[Bitterroot]] ''(Lewisia rediviva)'', since 1895
* [[List of U.S. state trees|State tree]]: [[Ponderosa Pine]], since 1949
* [[List of U.S. state mammals|State animal]]: [[Grizzly Bear]] ''(Ursus arctos horribilis)'', since 1862
(contracted; show full)*[[List of people from Montana]]
*[[List of places in Montana]]
*[[Missouri River]]
*[[Music of Montana]]
*[[Rocky Mountains]]
{{clear}}

==
Referencesసూచనలు==
{{reflist|2}}

==Further reading==
{{main|Bibliography of Montana history}}
* [[Jon Axline|Axline, Jon]], ''et al.'' ''Still Speaking Ill of the Dead: More Jerks in Montana History''. Falcon Press, 2005. <small>ISBN 1-58592-032-0</small>
* [[Jon Bennion|Bennion, Jon]]. ''Big Sky Politics''. Five Valleys Publishing, April 2004. <small>ISBN 1-888550-13-9</small>
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