Difference between revisions 759121 and 768234 on tewiki

{{అనువాదం}}
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{{US state
| Name                = Montana
| Fullname            = State of Montana
| Flag                = Flag of Montana.svg
| Flaglink            = [[Flag of Montana|Flag]]
(contracted; show full)ually visit [[Glacier National Park (U.S.)|Glacier National Park]], the [[Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument]], and three of the five entrances to [[Yellowstone National Park]].<ref name=parks>{{cite news|url=http://billingsgazette.com/news/state-and-regional/montana/article_a9e53dca-badc-11de-9615-001cc4c03286.html|title=National-park visitors boost Montana’s tourism stats|newspaper=Billings Gazette|date=October 17, 2009|last=Thackeray|first=Lorna|accessdate=July 21, 2011}}</ref>

==
  శబ్దవ్యుత్పత్తి మరియు నామకరణ చరిత్ర  ==
మోంఠానా అను పేరు స్పానిషు భాషలోని "మోంఠానా" అంటే పర్వతం, అను పదం నుంచి వచ్చింది.<ref name=RockyMtn>Contributions to the Historical Society of Montana, Volume 7, Rocky Mountain Publishing Co., 1910</ref> ఆది స్పానిషు అన్వేషకులు ఈ పశ్చిమాన ఉన్న మొత్తం పర్వత ప్రాంతాన్ని వర్ణించే విధంగా ఈ ప్రాంతానికి "మోంఠానా డెల్ నార్టె" అని నామకరణం చేశారు. <ref name=RockyMtn/>  చరిత్రాకారులు ప్రకారం, భూభాగాల సెనేట్ మండలి అధ్యక్షుడు [[స్టెఫెన్ డాగ్లస్]] అనేక భూభాగాల ప్రణాళికా రచన చేస్తూ(contracted; show full)f [[Idaho Territory]] said he thought the names for the two territories should be reversed given Idaho was more mountainous than Montana.<ref name=LOC/>  Finally, Rep. [[Edwin Hanson Webster|Edwin Webster]] of Maryland stepped in and suggested that every father has the right to name his own child, and since the bill was the progeny of the Committee on Territories, the committee could name it whatever they wanted.<ref name=LOC/>  After more laughter the name was settled.<ref name=LOC/>

==
  భౌగోళిక  ==
{{See also|Regional designations of Montana|Ecological systems of Montana|List of mountain ranges in Montana|List of Forests in Montana}}
[[Fileదస్త్రం:Montana Map.jpg|thumb|left|300px|Map of Montana]]

With a land area of {{convert|147046|sqmi|km2}}, Montana is slightly larger than Japan and slightly smaller than [[Paraguay]]. It is the fourth largest state in the United States (after [[Alaska]], Texas, and California), the largest landlocked U.S. state, and the 56th largest national state/province subdivision in the world. To the north, Montana shares a {{convert|545|mi|km|adj=on}} border with three Canadian [[Provinces of Canada|provinces]]: [[British Columbia]], [[Alberta]], and [[Saskatchewan]]. To the east, the state borders [[North Dakota]] and [[South Dakota]]. To the south lies [[Wyoming]] and to the west and southwest is [[Idaho]].

===  స్ధలాక్రుతి  ===
The [[topography]] of the state is diverse and roughly defined by the [[Continental Divide]], which runs on an approximate diagonal line through the state from northwest to south-central, splitting it into two distinct eastern and western regions.  Montana is well known for its mountainous western region, most of which is geologically and geographically part of the Northern [[Rocky Mountains]].  The [[Absaroka Mountains|Absaroka]] and [[Beartooth Mountains|Beartooth]] ranges in the south are technically part of the Central Rocky Mountains. About 60% of the state is [[prairie]], part of the northern [[Great Plains]]. Nonetheless, even east of the [[Continental Divide]] and the [[Rocky Mountain Front]], there are a number of isolated "island ranges" that dot the prairie landscape. This island range region covers most of the central third of the state.

The [[Bitterroot Mountains]]—one of the longest continuous ranges in the entire Rocky Mountain chain from Alaska to [[Mexico]]—divide the state from Idaho to the west, with the southern third of the range blending into the Continental Divide. Mountain ranges between the Bitterroots and the top of the Continental Divide include the [[Cabinet Mountains]], the [[Anaconda Range]] (informally called the "Pintlars"), the [[Mission Range|Missions]], the [[Garnet Range]], [[Sapphire Mountains]], and [[Flint Creek Range]].

[[Fileదస్త్రం:Montana Relief 1.jpg|thumb|right|Montana terrain]]
The northern section of the Divide, where the mountains give way rapidly to prairie, is known collectively as the [[Rocky Mountain Front]]. The front is most pronounced in the [[Lewis Range]], located primarily in [[Glacier National Park (U.S.)|Glacier National Park]]. Due to the configuration of mountain ranges in Glacier National Park, the [[Northern Divide]] (which begins in Alaska's [[Seward Peninsula]]) crosses this region and turns east in Montana at [[Triple Divide Peak (Montana)|Triple Divide Peak]]. It causes the [[Waterton River]], [[Belly River|Belly]], and [[St. Mary River (Montana-Alberta)|Saint Mary]] rivers to flow north into [[Alberta]], Canada. There they join the [[Saskatchewan River]], which ultimately empties into [[Hudson Bay]].

East of the divide, several parallel ranges march across the southern half of the state, including the [[Gravelly Range]], the [[Tobacco Root Mountains|Tobacco Roots]], the [[Madison Range]], [[Gallatin Range]], [[Big Belt Mountains]], [[Bridger Mountains (Montana)|Bridger Mountains]], [[Absaroka Mountains]], and the [[Beartooth Mountains]]. The Beartooth Plateau is the largest continuous land mass over {{convert|10000|ft|m}} high in the continental United States.  It contains the highest point in the state, [[Granite Peak (Montana)|Granite Peak]], {{convert|12799|ft|m}} high.
[[Fileదస్త్రం:Glacier np.jpg|thumb|left|300px|[[St. Mary Lake]] in Glacier National Park]]
Between the mountain ranges are many scenic valleys, rich in agricultural resources and rivers, and possessing multiple opportunities for tourism and recreation. Among the best-known areas are the Big Hole Valley, [[Bitterroot Valley]], [[Gallatin Valley]], [[The Flathead|Flathead Valley]], and [[Paradise Valley (Montana)|Paradise Valley]].

(contracted; show full)

The [[Hell Creek Formation]] is a major source of [[dinosaur]] [[fossil]]s. [[Paleontologist]] [[Jack Horner (paleontologist)|Jack Horner]], of the [[Museum of the Rockies]] in [[Bozeman, Montana|Bozeman]], brought this formation to the world's attention with several major finds.

====
  నదులు  ====
{{See also|List of rivers of Montana|List of lakes in Montana}}
Montana also contains numerous rivers, many of which are known for "blue-ribbon" [[trout]] fishing, while also providing most of the water needed by residents of the state, and [[hydropower]].  Montana is one of few geographic areas in the world whose rivers form parts of three major [[Drainage basin|watersheds]]s (i.e. where two [[continental divide]]s intersect). Its rivers feed the Pacific Ocean, the [[Gulf of Mexico]], and [[Hudson Bay]], and the watershed areas are divided atop [[Triple Divide Peak (Montana)|Triple Divide Peak]] in Glacier National Park.

[[Fileదస్త్రం:Missouri River breaks.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Upper Missouri River Breaks National Monument|Missouri Breaks]] region in central Montana]]
West of the divide, the [[Clark Fork (river)|Clark Fork]] of the Columbia (not to be confused with the [[Clarks Fork Yellowstone River|Clarks Fork]] of the Yellowstone River) rises in the Rocky Mountains near Butte and flows northwest to [[Missoula, Montana|Missoula]], where it is joined by the [[Blackfoot River (Montana)|Blackfoot River]] and [[Bitterroot River]], and f(contracted; show full)

In addition to its rivers, the state is home to [[Flathead Lake]], the largest natural fresh-water lake in the western United States. Man-made reservoirs dot Montana's rivers, the largest of which is [[Fort Peck]] Reservoir, on the Missouri river, contained by the largest earthen dam in the world.
[[
Fileదస్త్రం:Popi ownpillar.jpg|left|300px|thumb|[[Pompey's Pillar National Monument]]]]

===  Flora and fauna  ===
{{See also|Monocotyledons of Montana|Coniferous plants of Montana|Lichens of Montana|Amphibians and Reptiles of Montana|List of birds of Montana|Mammals of Montana}}
Vegetation of the state includes [[lodgepole pine]], [[ponderosa pine]]; [[douglas fir]], [[larch]], [[spruce]]; [[aspen]], [[birch]], [[Thuja plicata|red cedar]], [[Tsuga|hemlock]], [[ash tree|ash]], [[alder]]; rocky mountain [[maple]] and [[Populus sect. Aegiros|cottonwood]] trees. Forests cover approximately 25 percent of the state. Flowers native to Montana include [[Aster (genus)|asters]], [[bitterroot]]s, [[Asteraceae|daisies]], [[lupin]]s, [[Papaveraceae|poppies]], [[Primula|primroses]], [[Aquilegia|columbine]], [[lily|lilies]], [[orchid]]s, and [[dryas (plant)|dryads]]. Several species of [[sagebrush]] and [[cacti|cactus]] and many species of grasses are common. Many species of [[mushroom]]s and [[lichen]]s are also found in the state.

Montana is home to a diverse array of fauna that includes 15 [[amphibian]], 85 fish, 110 [[mammal]], 17 [[reptile]] and 420 bird species.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fwp.mt.gov/wildthings/ |title=Wild Things-Species of Montana |publisher=Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife, and Parks |accessdate=November 30, 2010}}{{dead link|date=January 2012}}</ref>  Additionally, there are over 10,000 [[invertebrate]] species, including 180 [[mollusk]]s and 30 [[crustacean]]s. Montana has the largest [[grizzly bear]] population in the lower 48 states.{{citation needed|date=January 2012}}

===  ఉద్యానవనాలు  ===
{{See also|List of Montana state parks}}
Montana contains [[Glacier National Park (U.S.)|Glacier National Park]], "The Crown of the Continent"; and portions of [[Yellowstone National Park]], including three of the Park's five entrances.  Other federally recognized sites include the [[Battle of the Little Bighorn|Little Bighorn National Monument]], [[Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area]], [[Big Hole National Battlefield]], [[Lewis and Clark Caverns]], and the [[National Bison Range]]. Montana has ten [[United States National Forest|National Forests]]s and more than 20 [[National Wildlife Refuge]]s. The Federal government administers {{convert|36000000|acre|km2}}. {{convert|275000|acre|km2}} are administered as [[state park]]s and forests.
[[Fileదస్త్రం:Quakelakemontana.jpg|thumb|right|[[Quake Lake]] was created by a landslide during the 1959 Yellowstone Earthquake]]

Areas managed by the [[National Park Service]] include:<ref>{{cite web | title = Montana | publisher=National Park Service | accessdate =October 6, 2010 | url = http://www.nps.gov/state/mt/index.htm}}</ref>
* [[Big Hole National Battlefield]] near [[Wisdom, Montana|Wisdom]]
* [[Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area]] near [[Fort Smith, Montana|Fort Smith]]
* [[Glacier National Park (U.S.)|Glacier National Park]]
* [[Grant-Kohrs Ranch National Historic Site]] at [[Deer Lodge, Montana]]
* [[Lewis & Clark National Historic Trail]]
* [[Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument]] near [[Crow Agency, Montana|Crow Agency]]
* [[Nez Perce National Historical Park]]
* [[Yellowstone National Park]]

===  శీతోష్ణస్దితి  ===
[[Fileదస్త్రం:Helena, Montana 1961-1990 Climate data.gif|thumb|300px|Left|Temperature and precipitation for [[Helena, Montana|Montana's capital city, Helena]]]]
(contracted; show full)|°C|abbr=on}} at [[Glendive]] on July 20, 1893, and Medicine Lake on July 5, 1937. Throughout the state, summer nights are generally cool and pleasant. Temperatures decrease as altitude increases, and extremely hot weather is relatively unknown above {{convert|4000|ft|m|abbr=on}}.  Snowfall is not unknown in any month of the year in parts of Montana, namely in the more mountainous areas of central & western Montana, but is rare in July and August.<ref name = "MT Climate Narrative"/>

[[
Fileదస్త్రం:Big Drift.jpg|right|thumb|270px|The [[Big Drift]] covering the [[Going-to-the-Sun Road]] in [[Glacier National Park (U.S.)|Glacier National Park]] as photographed on March 23, 2006.]]
The coldest temperature on record for Montana is also the coldest temperature for the entire contiguous U.S. On January 20, 1954, {{convert|-70|°F|°C|abbr=on}} was recorded at a gold mining camp near Rogers Pass. Temperatures vary greatly on such cold nights, and [[Helena, Montana|Helena]], {{convert|40|mi|km}} to the southeast had a low of only {{convert|-36|°F|°C|abbr=on}}.<ref name = "MT Climate Narrative"/>  Winter cold spells last a week or so, and are usually the result of [[cold front|cold continental air]] coming south from Canada. The front is often well defined, causing a large temperature drop in a 24-hour period. Conversely, air flow from the southwest results in "[[Chinook wind|Chinooks]]". These steady 25–50&nbsp;mph (or more) winds can suddenly warm parts of Montana, especially areas just to the east of the mountains, where temperatures sometimes rise up to 50 °F (10 °C) – 60 °F (15 &nbsp;°F (10&nbsp;°C) – 60&nbsp;°F (15&nbsp;°C).<ref name = "MT Climate Narrative"/>

[[Loma, Montana]] is the location of the most extreme recorded temperature change in a 24-hour period in the United States. On January 15, 1972, the temperature rose from {{convert|-54|°F|°C|abbr=on}} to {{convert|49|°F|°C|annr=on}}.<ref>Andrew H. Horvitz, et al. [http://ams.confex.com/ams/pdfpapers/54387.pdf A National Temperature Record at Loma, Montana], National Weather Service, 2002. Retrieved November 2, 2008.</ref>
[[Fileదస్త్రం:Grinnell overlook.jpg|thumb|left|300px|The [[Grinnell Glacier]] receives {{convert|105|in|mm}} of precipitation per year.]]

Average annual precipitation is {{convert|15|in|mm}}, but great variations are seen. The mountain ranges block the moist Pacific air, holding moisture in the western valleys, and creating [[rain shadow]]s to the east. [[Heron, Montana|Heron]], in the west, receives the most precipitation, {{convert|34.70|in|mm}}. On the eastern ([[leeward]]) side of a mountain range, the valleys are (contracted; show full)ore air pollution, Study predicts global warming will increase fires in Northern Rockies | url=http://www.billingsgazette.com/news/state-and-regional/montana/article_d3d32b14-7cc6-11de-b4e3-001cc4c03286.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |publisher=Journal of Geophysical Research |title=Impacts of climate change from 2000 to 2050 on wildfire activity and carbonaceous aerosol concentrations in the western United States |url=http://acmg.seas.harvard.edu/publications/spracklen_2008.pdf }}</ref>

==
  చరిత్ర  ==
{{Main|History of Montana}}
[[Fileదస్త్రం:Assinniboine2.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Assiniboine people|Assiniboine]] family, Montana, 1890–91]]
[[Fileదస్త్రం:SunRiver.JPG|thumb|200px|The headwaters of the [[Sun River]], just below [[Gibson Reservoir]]]]

Various [[indigenous peoples]] lived in the territory of the present-day state of Montana for thousands of years.  Historic tribes encountered by Europeans and settlers from the United States included the [[Crow tribe|Crow]] in the south-central area; the [[Cheyenne]] in the southeast; the [[Blackfeet]], [[Assiniboine people|Assiniboine]] and [[Gros Ventres]] in the central and north-central area; and the [[Ktu(contracted; show full)

Politics in the state has been competitive, with the Democrats usually holding an edge, thanks to the support among unionized miners and railroad workers. Large scale battles revolved around the giant [[Anaconda Copper]] company, based in Butte and controlled by Rockefeller interests, until it closed in the 1970s. Until 1959, the company owned five of the state's six largest newspapers.

==
  American Indian reservations  ==

[[Fileదస్త్రం:Montana Indian Reservations.svg|thumb|left|350px|Seven Indian reservations in Montana (borders are not exact).]]
Seven [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|American Indian]] reservations are located in Montana: [[Fort Peck Indian Reservation]], [[Fort Belknap Indian Reservation]], [[Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation]], [[Crow Indian Reservation]], [[Rocky Boy Indian Reservation|Rocky Boy's Indian Reservation]], [[Blackfeet Indian Reservation]], and the [[Flathead Indian Reservation]].

==  నగరాలు మరియు పట్టణాలు  ==
{{See also|List of cities and towns in Montana|List of counties in Montana}}

Montana has 56 [[County#United_  States|counties]] with the [[United States Census Bureau]] stating Montana's contains 364 [[Place (United States Census Bureau)|"places"]], broken down into 129 [[Place_  (United_  States_  Census_  Bureau)#Incorporated_  place|incorporated places]] and 235 [[census-designated places]]. Incorporated places consist of 52 cities, 75 towns, and two [[Consolidated city–county|consolidated city-counties]].<ref name="2010 Census Geography">{{cite web|author= U.S. Census Bureau|url= http://www.census.gov/geo/www/guidestloc/st30_mt.html|title= 2010 U.S. Census Geography summary|publisher= U.S. Census Bureau|year=2010 |accessdate=January 31, 2012}}</ref>  Montana has one city, [[Billings, Montana|Billings]], wit(contracted; show full)
<!--significant note that as of 2010 census, Ravalli county has now topped Butte-Silver Bow as 7th largest county, but Hamilton only 20th in city population, not sure what to do with that--><!--You would do nothing, Ravalli County is one entity Hamilton is another, they are not consolidated-->

==
  జనవిఙ్ణానాలు  ==
[[Fileదస్త్రం:Montana population map.png|thumb|right|200px|Montana population density map]]
{{USCensusPop
|1870= 20595
|1880= 39159
|1890= 142924
|1900= 243329
|1910= 376053
|1920= 548889
(contracted; show full)

The [[center of population]] of Montana is located in [[Meagher County, Montana|Meagher County]], in the city of [[White Sulphur Springs, Montana|White Sulphur Springs]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/geo/www/cenpop/statecenters.txt|title=Population and Population Centers by State: 2000|year=2000|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|accessdate=May 7, 2008}}</ref>

===
  పూర్వీకులు  ===
Apart from the sizable [[Native Americans in the United States|American Indian]] population, nearly 90% of its residents are of European descent, with a large numbers of [[German American|German]], [[Irish American|Irish]], [[British American|British]], Slavic, [[Italian American|Italian]], and [[Scandinavian American|Scandinavian]] immigrants arriving between 1890–1910. About 2000–3000 Chinese miners were in Montana by 1870, and 2500 in 1890.  They were strongly opposed by labor unions, and public opin(contracted; show full)ed people of Scottish, [[Scandinavia]]n, [[Slavic peoples|Slavic]], [[English-American|English]]  and [[Scots-Irish American|Scots-Irish]] descent. Montana's [[Hispanics in the United States|Hispanic]] population is concentrated around the [[Billings, Montana|Billings]] area in south-central Montana, where many of Montana's Mexican-Americans have been in the state for generations. The highest density of African-Americans is located in [[Great Falls, Montana|Great Falls]].
{{US Demographics}}

===
  మతం  ===
The religious affiliations of the people of Montana include:

* క్రైస్తవులు: 82%
** [[Protestant]]: 55%
*** [[Lutheranism|లూథరన్లు]]: 15%
*** [[Methodism|Methodist]]: 8%
*** [[Baptist]]: 5%
(contracted; show full)% of Montana voters supported the legalization of same-sex marriage, while 51% opposed it and 12% were not sure. A separate question on the same survey found that 62% of respondents supported legal recognition for same-sex couples, with 32% supporting same-sex marriage, 30% supporting civil unions, 35% opposing all legal recognition and 3% not sure.<ref>[http://www.publicpolicypolling.com/pdf/2011/PPP_Release_MT_1207424.pdf Schweitzer could win Sen. nom in ’14 but maybe not MT in ‘16]</ref>

==
  ఆర్దిక వ్యవస్ధ  ==
[[Fileదస్త్రం:Craft Breweries Per Capita (US).png|thumb|left|200px|Montana ranks 2nd nationally in [[brewery|craft breweries]] per capita.]]
[[Fileదస్త్రం:First Interstate Center, Billings, MT cropped.jpg|thumb|First Interstate Center in downtown [[Billings, Montana|Billings]], the tallest building in Montana]]
[http://www.bea.gov/ The Bureau of Economic Analysis] estimates that Montana's total state product in 2003 was $26 billion. Per capita personal income in 2003 was $25,406, 47th in the nation. However, this number is rapidly increasing.

(contracted; show full)

As of January 2010, the state's unemployment rate is 6.8%.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bls.gov/lau/ |publisher=bls.gov |title= Local Area Unemployment Statistics }}</ref>

==
  సంస్కృతి  ==
{{See also|Music of Montana}}
Montana has variety of arts and culture as well as festivals and events.

==  క్రీడలు  ==
=== వృత్తిపరమైన క్రీడలు ===
There are no [[Major North American professional sports leagues|major league]] sports franchises in Montana due to the state's relatively small and dispersed population, but a number of [[minor league]] teams play in the state. Baseball is the minor-league sport with the longest heritage in the state, and Montana is currently home to four [[minor league baseball|Minor League baseball teams]], all members of the [[Pioneer Baseball League]]:
* [[Billings Mustangs]]
* [[Great Falls Voyagers]]
* [[Helena Brewers]]
* [[Missoula Osprey]]

The [[Missoula Phoenix]], [[Bitterroot Blaze]], [[Gallatin Valley Snowdevils]], [[Helena Bearcats]] and the [[Great Falls Gladiators]] are semi-pro football teams in the Rocky Mountain Football League (RMFL).

===  కళాశాలల మరియు ఔత్సాహిక క్రీడలు  ===
All of Montana's four-year colleges and universities field a variety of intercollegiate sports teams. The two largest schools, the [[University of Montana-Missoula|University of Montana]] and [[Montana State University - Bozeman|Montana State University]], are members of the [[Big Sky Conference]] and have enjoyed a strong athletic rivalry since the early twentieth century. Most of the smaller four-year schools in the state belong to the [[Frontier Conference]].

(contracted; show full)* [[Billings Bulls]]
* [[Bozeman Icedogs]]
* [[Butte Roughriders]]
* [[Great Falls Americans]]
* [[Helena Bighorns]]
* [[Missoula Maulers]]

===
  Ft. Shaw  ===
In 1904 a group of young Native American women, after playing undefeated during their last season, went to the [[Louisiana Purchase Exposition]] held in St. Louis and defeated all challenging teams and were declared to be world champions. For this they received a large silver trophy with the inscription "World's Fair – St. Louis, 1904 – Basket Ball – Won by Fort Shaw Team".<ref>''Full Court Quest''. Linda Peavy and Ursula Smith. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press: 2008.</ref>

==  Recreation  ==
===  Ski areas  ===
[[Fileదస్త్రం:Big Sky resort.jpg|thumb|The [[Big Sky Resort]]]]
[[Fileదస్త్రం:Red Lodge Palisades.jpg|thumb|The Palisades area on the north end of the ski area at [[Red Lodge Mountain Resort]]]]

Montana has several ski areas including:
* Bear Paw Ski Bowl near [[Havre, Montana]]
* [[Big Sky Resort]] near [[Big Sky, Montana]]
* Blacktail near [[Lakeside, Montana|Lakeside]]
* [[Bridger Bowl Ski Area]] near [[Bozeman, Montana|Bozeman]]
* Discovery Basin near [[Philipsburg, Montana|Philipsburg]]
* [[Great Divide Ski Area|Great Divide]] near [[Helena, Montana]]
* [[Lookout Pass]] near St. Regis, Montana
* Lost Trail near [[Darby, Montana]]
* [[Maverick Mountain]] near Dillon, Montana
* [[Moonlight Basin]] near [[Big Sky, Montana]]
* Red Lodge Mountain near [[Red Lodge, Montana|Red Lodge]]
* [[Showdown Ski Area]] near [[White Sulphur Springs, Montana]]
* Snowbowl Ski Area near [[Missoula, Montana|Missoula]]
* [[Teton Pass Ski Area]] near [[Choteau, Montana|Choteau]]
* [[Turner Mountain Ski Resort]] near [[Libby, Montana|Libby]]
* [[Whitefish Mountain Resort]] near [[Whitefish, Montana|Whitefish]]

==  న్యాయ మరియు ప్రభుత్వ  ==
{{See also|List of Montana Governors}}

The current Governor is [[Brian Schweitzer]] (Democrat) who was sworn in on January 3, 2005. Montana's two U.S. senators are [[Max Baucus]] (Democrat) and [[Jon Tester]] (Democrat). The state's congressional representative is [[Denny Rehberg]] (Republican).

Montana in 1916 became the first state to elect a woman to [[Congress of the United States|Congress]] ([[Jeannette Rankin]]) (Republican) and was one of the first states to give women voting rights (see [[suffrage]]).

==  రాజకీయాలు  ==
Historically, Montana is a [[swing state]] of cross-ticket voters who tend to fill elected offices with individuals from both parties.  Through the mid-20th century, the state had a tradition of "sending the liberals to Washington and the conservatives to Helena."  However, beginning in the 1980s, the pattern flipped, with voters more likely to elect conservatives to federal offices.  There have also been long-term shifts of party control. During the 1970s, the state was dominated by the [[Unit(contracted; show full)f State and State Auditor).  The Legislative branch had split party control between the house and senate most years between 2004 and 2010, when the mid-term elections returned both branches to Republican control.  The [[Montana State Senate|state Senate]] is, as of 2010, controlled by the Republicans 28 to 22, and the [[Montana House of Representatives|State House of Representatives]] at 68 to 32.

Montana is an [[Alcoholic beverage control state]].

{{Further2|[[Political party strength in Montana]]}}

==
  విద్య  ==
=== కళాశాలలు మరియు విశ్వవిద్యాలయాలు ===
<table><tr><td valign=top>
రాష్ట్ర నిధులతొ నడుస్తున్న [[మోంఠానా విశ్వవిద్యాలయ వ్యవస్ధ]] లో:
* [[ఫ్లాట్ హెడ్ లోయ కమ్మ్యూనిటి కళాశాల]]
* [[డాసన్ కమ్మ్యూనిటి కళాశాల]]
* [[మైల్స్ కమ్మ్యూనిటి కళాశాల]]
* [[మోంఠానా రాష్ట్ర విశ్వవిద్యాలయం – బోజ్మేన్]]
** [[మోంఠానా రాష్ట్ర విశ్వవిద్యాలయం బిల్లింగ్స్]]
** [[మోంఠానా రాష్ట్ర విశ్వవిద్యాలయం – ఉత్తరాది]]—Havre
** [[మోంఠానా రాష్ట్ర విశ్వవిద్యాలయ సాంకేతిక కళాశాల – గ్రేట్ ఫాల్స్]]
* [[మోంఠానా విశ్వవిద్యాలయం – మిజ్సులా]]
** [[మోంఠానా Tech of the University of Montana]]—Butte
** [[మోంఠానా విశ్వవిద్యాలయ Western]]—[[Dillon, మోంఠానా|Dillon]]
** [[మోంఠానా విశ్వవిద్యాలయ – హెలేన సాంకేతిక కళాశాల]]

మోంఠానా లోని ప్రధాన గిరిజన కళాశాలలో:
* [[Fort Peck కమ్మ్యూనిటి కళాశాల]] or [[Ft. Peck కమ్మ్యూనిటి కళాశాల]]
* [[Little Big Horn కళాశాల]]
* [[Salish Kootenai కళాశాల]]
* [[Stone Child కళాశాల]]
* [[Blackfeet కమ్మ్యూనిటి కళాశాల- Browning]]

There are three small private colleges based in Montana, in addition to branch campuses of out-of-state schools:
* [[Carroll College (Montana)|Carroll College]]
* [[Rocky Mountain College]]
* [[University of Great Falls]]

</td></tr></table>

==  మీడియా  ==
Montana's largest circulating daily newspapers are the [[Billings Gazette]], [[Great Falls Tribune]], and [[Missoulian]].<ref>http://www.mondotimes.com/newspapers/usa/montana-newspaper-circulation.html</ref>

==  ఆరోగ్యం  ==
Montana does not have a Trauma I hospital, but does have Trauma II hospitals in Billings, Missoula, and Great Falls.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.facs.org/trauma/verified.html|title=Verified Trauma Centers|publisher=American College of Surgeons|accessdate=April 21, 2012}}</ref>

==  రవాణా  ==
[[Fileదస్త్రం:West Yellowstone MT - aerial.jpg|thumb|[[Yellowstone Airport]], [[West Yellowstone, Montana]]<ref>{{cite book |title= USA by Rail |last= Pitt |first= John |year= 2008|publisher=Bradt Travel Guides|isbn= 1-84162-255-9 |page= 100|url= http://books.google.com/?id=zaqJV1s4PMsC}}</ref>]]
{{See also|List of Montana railroads|List of Montana numbered highways|List of airports in Montana}}

(contracted; show full)

Montana and [[South Dakota]] are the only states to share a land border which is not traversed by a paved road.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nris.mt.gov/gis/gisdatalib/downloads/hwymapmdt.pdf |title=hwymap_side1.pdf |format=PDF |accessdate=January 14, 2012}}</ref>

==
  రాష్ట్ర చిహ్నాలు  ==
[[Fileదస్త్రం:Montana quarter, reverse side, 2007.png|thumb|right|160px|Montana's state quarter, released in 2007.]]

* [[List of U.S. state flowers|State flower]]: [[Bitterroot]] ''(Lewisia rediviva)'', since 1895
* [[List of U.S. state trees|State tree]]: [[Ponderosa Pine]], since 1949
* [[List of U.S. state mammals|State animal]]: [[Grizzly Bear]] ''(Ursus arctos horribilis)'', since 1862
* [[List of U.S. state birds|State bird]]: [[Western Meadowlark]] ''(Sturnella neglecta)'', since 1931
* [[State fish]]: [[Cutthroat trout]] ''Oncorhynchus clarkii'', since 1977<ref>{{cite web |url=http://data.opi.mt.gov/bills/mca/1/1/1-1-507.htm |title=Montana Code Annotated-1-1-507. State fish |accessdate=November 29, 2010}}</ref>
* State Song: ''"[[Montana (song)|Montana]]"'', since 1945
* State Ballad: ''"[[Montana Melody]]"'', since 1983
* State Gemstones: [[Yogo sapphire]] & [[Agate]], since 1969
* [[State Fossil]]: Maiasaur ("Duck-billed Dinosaur") ''([[Maiasaura]] peeblesorum)'', since 1985
* State Butterfly: [[Nymphalis antiopa|Mourning cloak]] ''(Nymphalis antiopa)'', since 2001
* State Grass: [[Pseudoroegneria spicata|Bluebunch wheatgrass]], since 1973
* State Motto: "Oro y Plata" (Spanish: Gold and Silver)

==  See also  ==
{{ports|History|Geography|North America|Northern America|United States|Montana}}
{{cto}}
{{Navbox link}}  
*[[National Register of Historic Places listings in Montana|List of National Register of Historic Places in Montana]]
*[[List of people from Montana]]
*[[List of places in Montana]]
*[[Missouri River]]
*[[Music of Montana]]
*[[Rocky Mountains]]
{{clear}}

==  సూచనలు  ==
{{reflist|2}}

==  Further reading  ==
{{main|Bibliography of Montana history}}
* [[Jon Axline|Axline, Jon]], ''et al.'' ''Still Speaking Ill of the Dead: More Jerks in Montana History''. Falcon Press, 2005. <small>ISBN 1-58592-032-0</small>
* [[Jon Bennion|Bennion, Jon]]. ''Big Sky Politics''. Five Valleys Publishing, April 2004. <small>ISBN 1-888550-13-9</small>
(contracted; show full)
* [[Dave Walter|Walter, Dave]], ''et al.'' ''Speaking Ill of the Dead: Jerks in Montana History.'' Falcon Press, 2000. <small>ISBN 1-58592-032-0</small>
* [[Mildred Walker|Walker, Mildred]]. ''Winter Wheat''. Harcourt: 1967. <small>ISBN 0-15-197223-0.</small>

==
  External links  ==
{{Sister project links}}
* [http://www.mt.gov/ State of Montana Website]
* [http://www.visitmt.com/ Official State Travel Information Site]
* {{dmoz|Regional/North_America/United_States/Montana}}
* [http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/state/state_energy_profiles.cfm?sid=MT Montana energy data & statistics – From the U.S. Department of Energy]
* [http://www.his.state.mt.us/ Montana Historical Society]
* [http://montanakids.com/ Everything you need to know about Montana.]
* [http://www.montanahistory.net/ Montana History]
* [http://www.montanacapitol.com/ Montana State Capitol Information]
* [http://www.ers.usda.gov/StateFacts/MT.htm Montana state facts from the U.S. Department of Agriculture]
* [http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/30000.html Census of Montana]
* [http://wikis.ala.org/godort/index.php/Montana List of searchable databases produced by Montana state agencies] hosted by the [http://wikis.ala.org/godort/index.php/Main_Page American Library Association Government Documents Roundtable.]
* [http://www.usgs.gov/state/state.asp?State=MT USGS real-time, geographic, and other scientific resources of Montana]
* [http://www.greatfallstribune.com/multimedia/125newsmakers1/part1.html Famous and infamous Montanans]
* [http://www.stillwaterhooksandhorns.com/ Fly Fishing in Montana]
* {{osmrelation-inline|162115}}
* [http://pinterest.com/pin/252905335294533805/ Saturday Night Out – Montana 1936]
{{clear}}

==  Related information  ==
{{Anchor|Related information}} 
{{Navboxes
|title= [[Fileదస్త్రం:Nuvola apps kpdf2.png|25px]] Topics related to {{PAGENAME}}
|state=off
|list1=</span>
{{Montana|expanded}}
{{MontanansLists}}
{{United States political divisions}}
{{United States topics}} 
}} 

{{Geographic location| Northwest = <br />           {{flag|British Columbia}}
 | North = {{flag|Canada}}<br /> | North = {{flag|Canada}}<br />{{flag|Alberta}}
 | Northeast = <br />           {{flag|Saskatchewan}}
 | West = {{flag|Idaho}}
 | Centre = '' Montana'': [[Outline of Montana|Outline]] • [[Index of Montana-related articles|Index]]
 | East = {{flag|North Dakota}}
 | Southwest =
 | South = {{flag|Wyoming}}
 | Southeast = {{flag|South Dakota}}
}}

{{succession
| preceded = [[South Dakota]]
| office = [[List of U.S. states by date of statehood]]
| years = Admitted on November 8, 1889 (41st)
| succeeded = [[Washington (U.S. state)|Washington]]
}}

{{Coord|display=title|47|N|110|W|region:US-MT_type:adm1st_scale:3000000}}

[[Categoryవర్గం:Montana| ]]
[[Categoryవర్గం:States of the United States]]
[[Categoryవర్గం:States and territories established in 1889]]

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