Difference between revisions 10616175 and 10618016 on ukwiki

{{пишу|користувачем Шиманський Василь}}⏎
{{Картка нагороди
|Назва                = Премія імені Сахарова
|Зображення           = Sakharov Prize 2009.jpg
|ЗображенняСтрічка    = 
|Зображення2ст        = 
|ЗображенняСтрічка2ст = 
|Зображення3ст        = 
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|Розмір зображення    = 200px
|Розмір стрічки       = 
|OriginalName         = Премія імені Сахарова за свободу думки<br/>{{lang-en|Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Thought}}
|Девіз                = 
|Країна               = {{FRA}}
|Тип                  = 
|КомуВручається       = 
|ПідставиНагородження = захист прав людини
|Статус               = 
|Параметри            = 
|ДатаЗаснування       = [[1988]]
|ПершеНагородження    = [[1988]]
|ОстаннєНагородження  = [[2011]]
|ПершеВручення        = 
|Кількість            = 
|СтаршаНагорода       = 
|МолодшаНагорода      = 
|Відповідає           = 
|Сайт                 = [http://www.europarl.europa.eu/parliament/public/staticDisplay.do?language=en&id=42]
}}

The '''Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Thought''', named after [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] scientist and dissident [[Andrei Sakharov]], was established in December 1988 by the [[European Parliament]] as a means to honour individuals or organisations who have dedicated their lives to the defence of [[human rights]] and [[freedom of thought]].<ref>{{Cite news | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/december/23/newsid_2540000/2540121.stm | title = 1986: Sakharov comes in from the cold | publisher = [[BBC News]]| accessdate= 21 October 2010 | date=23 December 1986}}</ref> A shortlist of nominees is drawn up by the [[Committee on Foreign Affairs (EU)|Foreign Affairs Committee]] and the [[Committee on Development|Development Committee]], with the winner announced in October.<ref name=official/> As of 2010, the prize is accompanied by a monetary award of [[Euro|€]]50,000.<ref name=official/>

The first prize was awarded jointly to South African [[Nelson Mandela]] and Russian [[Anatoly Marchenko]]. The most recent award, in 2011, was given to five representatives of the [[Arab Spring]]—[[Asmaa Mahfouz]], [[Ahmed al-Senussi]], [[Razan Zaitouneh]], [[Ali Farzat]], and [[Mohamed Bouazizi]]—for their contributions to "historic changes in the [[Arab world]]".<ref name=recent/> The prize has also been awarded to different organisations throughout its history, the first being the Argentine [[Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo]] (1992). 

The Sakharov Prize is usually awarded annually on or around 10 December, the day on which the [[United Nations General Assembly]] ratified the [[Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] in 1948,<ref>{{Cite web | url = http://www.un.org/en/documents/udhr/index.shtml | title = The Universal Declaration of Human Rights| publisher = [[United Nations]] | accessdate=25 October 2010}}</ref> also celebrated as [[Human Rights Day]].<ref>{{Cite web | url = http://www.un.org/depts/dhl/humanrights/ | title = Human Rights Day | publisher = [[United Nations]] | accessdate=25 October 2010 | date=25 October 2010}}</ref>

==Recipients==
[[File:Nelson Mandela-2008 (edit).jpg|right|thumb|[[Nelson Mandela]] was the inaugural winner of the prize, together with [[Anatoly Marchenko]].]]
[[File:Hu Jia 12apr10 300.jpg|right|thumb|[[Hu Jia (activist)|Hu Jia]] received the award in 2008.]]
{| class="sortable wikitable" border="1" style="text-align:center;"
|- 
! scope="col" width=50 style="background:#FFE4C4;"|Year
! scope="col" width=150 style="background:#FFE4C4;"|Recipient
! scope="col" width=150 style="background:#FFE4C4;"| Nationality
! scope="col" class=unsortable width=250 style="background:#FFE4C4;"| Notes
! scope="col" class=unsortable width=80 style="background:#FFE4C4;"|Reference
|-
| 1988
| {{sortname|Nelson|Mandela}}
| [[South Africa]]
| Anti-apartheid activist and later President of South Africa
| <ref name=twentyyears/>
|-
| 1988
| {{sortname|Anatoly|Marchenko}} (posthumously)
| [[Soviet Union]]
| Soviet dissident, author and humans rights activist
| <ref name=twentyyears/>
|-
| 1989 
| {{sortname|Alexander|Dubček}} 
| [[Czechoslovakia]]
| Slovak politician, attempted to reform the communist regime during the [[Prague Spring]]
| <ref name=twentyyears/>
|-
| 1990
| [[Aung San Suu Kyi]]
| [[Burma]]
| Opposition politician and a former General Secretary of the National League for Democracy
| <ref name=rwb/>
|-
| 1991
| {{sortname|Adem|Demaçi}}
| [[Kosovo]]
| Politician and long-term political prisoner
| <ref name=twentyyears/>
|-
| 1992
| [[Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo]]
| [[Argentina]]
| Association of Argentine mothers whose children disappeared during the [[Dirty War]]
| <ref name=rwb>{{Cite web | url = http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/type,COUNTRYNEWS,RSF,MMR,4a110b891e,0.html | title = Sakharov Network calls for immediate release of Aung San Suu Kyi, Sakharov Prize laureate 1990| accessdate = 23 October 2010| date = 15 May 2009| publisher = [[Reporters Without Borders]]}}</ref>
|-
| 1993
| ''[[Oslobođenje]]''
| [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
| Popular newspaper, continued to publish after its office building was destroyed in Sarajevo
| <ref name=rwb/>
|-
| 1994
| {{sortname|Taslima|Nasrin}}
| [[Bangladesh]]
| Ex-doctor, feminist author
| <ref name=rwb/>
|-
| 1995
| {{sortname|Leyla|Zana}}
| [[Turkey]]
| A female politician of Kurdish descent from Eastern Turkey, who was imprisoned for 10 years for speaking her native language of Kurdish in the Turkish Parliament
| <ref name=twentyyears/>
|-
| 1996
| {{sortname|Wei|Jingsheng}}
| [[People's Republic of China]]
| An activist in the [[Chinese democracy movement]]
| <ref name=rwb/>
|-
| 1997
| {{sortname|Salima|Ghezali}}
| [[Algeria]]
| Journalist and writer, an activist of women's rights, human rights and democracy in Algeria
| <ref name=rwb/>
|-
| 1998
| {{sortname|Ibrahim|Rugova}}
| [[Kosovo]]
| Albanian politician, the first President of Kosovo
| <ref name=twentyyears/>
|-
| 1999
| {{sortname|Xanana|Gusmão}}
| [[East Timor]]
| Former militant who was the first President of East Timor
| <ref>{{Cite news | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/566530.stm | title = Gusmão receives EU Sakharov prize | publisher = [[BBC News]] | accessdate= 21 October 2010| date = 15 December 1999}}</ref> 
|-
| 2000
| {{sort|Basta|[[¡Basta Ya!]]}}
| [[Spain]]
| Organisation uniting individuals of various political positions against terrorism
| <ref>{{Cite news | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/993409.stm | title = Basque group wins peace prize | publisher = [[BBC News]] | accessdate= 21 October 2010| date = 26 October 2000}}</ref>
|-
| 2001
| {{sortname|Nurit|Peled-Elhanan}}
| [[Israel]]
| Peace activist
| <ref name=twentyyears/>
|-
| 2001
| {{sortname|Izzat|Ghazzawi}}
| [[Palestine]]
| Writer, arrested several times by Israeli authorities for "political activities"
| <ref name=twentyyears/>
|-
| 2001
| {{sortname|Dom Zacarias|Kamwenho|Zacarias Kamwenho}}
| [[Angola]]
| Archbishop and peace activist
| <ref name=twentyyears/>
|-
| 2002
| {{sortname|Oswaldo|Payá}}
| [[Cuba]]
| Political activist and dissident
| <ref>{{Cite news | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/2583201.stm | title = Cuban dissident collects EU prize | publisher = [[BBC News]] | accessdate = 21 October 2010| date = 17 December 2002}}</ref>
|-
| 2003
| {{sortname|Kofi|Annan}} (& [[United Nations]])
| &mdash;
| Nobel Peace Prize recipient and seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations
| <ref name=twentyyears>{{Cite web | url = http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?language=EN&type=IM-PRESS&reference=20081027STO40639 | title = 20 years of the Sakharov Prize: Human rights and reconciliation| date=28 October 2008| accessdate=22 October 2010 | publisher = [[European Parliament]]}}</ref>
|-
| 2004
| [[Belarusian Association of Journalists]]
| [[Belarus]]
| Non-governmental organisation "aiming to ensure freedom of speech and rights of receiving and distributing information and promoting professional standards of journalism"
| <ref>{{Cite web | url = http://www.america.gov/st/washfile-english/2004/November/20041109154049XLrenneF0.3785822.html | publisher = [[United States Department of State]] | title = Europeans Honor Belarusian Association of Journalists | date=9 November 2004 | accessdate=22 October 2010}}</ref>
|-
| 2005
| [[Ladies in White]]
| [[Cuba]]
| Opposition movement, relatives of jailed dissidents
| <ref name=twothousandandfive>{{Cite news | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/4527018.stm | title = Cuba 'bars women from prize trip' | first = Stephen|last=Gibbs|date= 14 December 2005 | publisher = [[BBC News]]|accessdate=21 October 2010}}</ref>
|-
| 2005
| [[Reporters Without Borders]]
| &mdash;
| France-based non-governmental organisation advocating freedom of the press
| <ref name=twothousandandfive/>
|-
| 2005
| {{sortname|Hauwa|Ibrahim}}
| [[Nigeria]]
| Human rights lawyer
| <ref name=twothousandandfive/>
|-
| 2006
| {{sortname|Alaksandar|Milinkievič}}
| [[Belarus]]
| Politician chosen by [[United Democratic Forces of Belarus]] as the joint candidate of the opposition in the presidential elections of 2006
| <ref>{{Cite news | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/6087198.stm | title = Belarussian takes EU rights award | date = 26 October 2006 | accessdate=21 October 2010 | publisher = [[BBC News]]}}</ref>
|-
| 2007
| {{sortname|Salih|Mahmoud Osman}}
| [[Sudan]]
| Human rights lawyer
| <ref name=rwb/>
|-
| 2008
| {{sortname|Hu|Jia|Hu Jia (activist)}}
| [[People's Republic of China]]
| Activist and dissident
| <ref>{{Cite news | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/7788536.stm | title = China dissident wins rights prize | publisher = [[BBC News]] | accessdate = 21 October 2010| date = 17 December 2008}}</ref>
|-
| 2009
| [[Memorial (society)|Memorial]]
| [[Russia]]
| International civil rights and historical society
| <ref>{{Cite news | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/8320851.stm | title = Russia rights group wins EU prize | publisher = [[BBC News]] | accessdate = 21 October 2010| date = 22 October 2009}}</ref>
|-
| 2010
| {{sortname|Guillermo|Fariñas}}
| [[Cuba]]
| Doctor, journalist and political dissident
| <ref>{{Cite news | url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-11594804 | title = Cuba dissident Farinas awarded Sakharov Prize by EU | publisher = [[BBC News]] | accessdate = 21 October 2010| date = 21 October 2010}}</ref>
|-
| 2011
| [[Asmaa Mahfouz]], <br/> [[Ahmed al-Senussi]], <br/> [[Razan Zaitouneh]], <br/> [[Ali Farzat]], <br/> [[Mohamed Bouazizi]] (posthumously)
| [[Egypt]]<br/>[[Libya]]<br/>[[Syria]]<br/>[[Syria]]<br/>[[Tunisia]]
| Five representatives of the Arab people, in recognition and support of their drive for freedom and human rights.
| <ref name=recent>{{Cite web| url = http://www.europarl.europa.eu/en/headlines/content/20111014FCS29297/1/html/Three-finalists-for-Sakharov-Prize-2011-honouring-human-rights-activists| title = Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Thought 2011 | accessdate = 27 October 2011 | publisher = [[European Parliament]]}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{reflist|33em}}

==External links==
* {{Cite web | url = http://www.europarl.europa.eu/parliament/public/staticDisplay.do?language=EN&id=42 | title = Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Thought | accessdate = 14 December 2011| publisher = [[European Parliament]]}}
* {{Cite web | url = http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-//EP//TEXT+IM-PRESS+20081126FCS43055+0+DOC+XML+V0//EN | title = 20 years of the Sakharov Prize: rewarding courage, self-sacrifice| date = 1 December 2008 | accessdate = 22 October 2010| publisher = [[European Parliament]]}}

{{Europarl}}

[[Category:Recipients of the Sakharov Prize|*]]
[[Category:Human rights awards]]
[[Category:Free expression awards]]
[[Category:Awards established in 1988]]
[[Category:European awards]]
[[Category:European Parliament]]

{{Link FL|en}}.

[[als:Sacharow-Preis]]
[[ar:جائزة سخاروف لحرية الفكر]]
[[be-x-old:Прэмія імя Андрэя Сахарава]]
[[bg:Награда за свобода на мисълта „Сахаров“]]
[[bn:শাখারভ পুরস্কার]]
[[bs:Saharov (nagrada)]]
[[ca:Premi Sàkharov per la Llibertat de Consciència]]
[[cs:Sacharovova cena za svobodu myšlení]]
[[cy:Gwobr Sakharov]]
[[da:Sakharov-prisen]]
[[de:Sacharow-Preis]]
[[el:Βραβείο Ζαχάρωφ]]
[[en:Sakharov Prize]]
[[es:Premio Sájarov]]
[[et:Sahharovi auhind]]
[[eo:Saĥarov-Premio]]
[[fi:Saharov-palkinto]]
[[fr:Prix Sakharov]]
[[he:פרס סחרוב לחופש המחשבה]]
[[hr:Nagrada Saharov]]
[[hu:Szaharov-díj]]
[[it:Premio Sakharov per la libertà di pensiero]]
[[ja:サハロフ賞]]
[[ka:სახაროვის პრემია]]
[[ko:사하로프상]]
[[ku:Xelata Saxarov]]
[[lv:Saharova balva]]
[[lt:Sacharovo premija]]
[[ml:സഖാറോവ് സമ്മാനം]]
[[my:စက်ခါရော့ဗ်ဆု]]
[[nl:Sacharovprijs]]
[[no:Sakharovprisen]]
[[pl:Nagroda Sacharowa]]
[[pt:Prémio Sakharov]]
[[ro:Premiul Saharov]]
[[ru:Премия имени Сахарова]]
[[sk:Sacharovova cena za slobodné myslenie]]
[[sq:Çmimi Saharov]]
[[sv:Sacharovpriset för tankefrihet]]
[[tr:Sakharov Düşünce Özgürlüğü Ödülü]]
[[vi:Giải thưởng Sakharov]]
[[zh:萨哈罗夫奖]]
[[zh-min-nan:Sakharov Chióng]]