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Apollo 8
{{Infobox spaceflight
| name                  = Apollo 8
| image                 = NASA-Apollo8-Dec24-Earthrise.jpg
| image_caption         = Đội bay của Apollo 8 là những người đầu tiên được chứng kiến Trái đất mọc vào ngày 24 tháng 12 năm 1968
| insignia              = Apollo-8-patch.png
| mission_type          = Bay quanh mặt trăng có người lái
| operator              = [[NASA]]<ref name="Orloff">{{chú thích sách |last=Orloff |first=Richard W. |title=Apollo by the Numbers: A Statistical Reference |url=http://history.nasa.gov/SP-4029/SP-4029.htm |accessdate=June 28,ngày 28 tháng 6 năm 2013 |series=NASA History Series |origyear=First published 2000 |date=September 2004 |work=NASA History Division, Office of Policy and Plans |publisher=[[NASA]] |location=Washington, D.C. |isbn=0-16-050631-X |lccn=00061677 |id=NASA SP-2000-4029 |chapter=Table of Contents |chapterurl=http://history.nasa.gov/SP-4029/Apollo_00g_Table_of_Contents.htm}}</ref>
| COSPAR_ID             = 1968-118A 
| SATCAT                = 3626
| mission_duration      = 6&nbsp;days, 3&nbsp;hours, 42&nbsp;seconds

| spacecraft            = [[Apollo Command/Service Module|Apollo CSM]]-103<br/>Apollo LTA-B
| manufacturer          = [[Rockwell International|North American Rockwell]]
| launch_mass           = CSM: {{convert|63650|lb|kg|disp=flip}}<ref>{{chú thích web |url=http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19690003059_1969003059.pdf |title=Apollo 8 Press Kit |date=December 15,ngày 15 tháng 12 năm 1968 |publisher=NASA |pages=33–34 |type=Press kit |format=PDF |id=Release No. 68-208 |accessdate=June 28,ngày 28 tháng 6 năm 2013}} – The spacecraft mass at launch includes the CM and SM, but excludes the {{convert|8900|lb|kg|disp=flip}} Launch Escape System (LES), which was discarded before reaching Earth orbit.</ref><br/>CM:{{convert|12392|lb|kg|disp=flip}}<br/>SM:{{convert|51258|lb|kg|disp=flip}}<br/>LTA: {{convert|19900|lb|kg|disp=flip}}<ref>{{chú thích web |url=http://history.nasa.gov/ap08fj/pdf/a08-missionreport.pdf |title=Apollo 8 Mission Report |date=February 1969 |publisher=NASA |page=A-14 |format=PDF |id=MSC-PA-R-69-1 |accessdate=June 28,ngày 28 tháng 6 năm 2013}} – The mass for LTA-B was less than that of a flying LM, because it was essentially a boilerplate decent stage. A fully loaded, flight-ready LM, like the ''Eagle'' from Apollo 11, had a mass of {{convert|33278|lb|kg|disp=flip}}, including propellants.</ref>
| landing_mass          =

| launch_date           = {{start-date|December 21,ngày 21 tháng 12 năm 1968, 12:51:00|timezone=yes}}&nbsp;UTC 
| launch_rocket         = [[Saturn V]] SA-503
| launch_site           = [[Kennedy Space Center|Kennedy]] [[Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39|LC-39A]]

| landing_date          = {{end-date|December 27,ngày 27 tháng 12 năm 1968, 15:51:42|timezone=yes}}&nbsp;UTC<ref name="MissionReport">{{chú thích web |url=http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a410/A08_MissionReport.pdf |title=Apollo 8 Mission Report |date=February 1969 |publisher=NASA |page=3-2 |format=PDF |id=MSC-PA-R-69-1|accessdate=June 28,ngày 28 tháng 6 năm 2013}}</ref>
| landing_site          = {{Coord|8|8|N|165|1|W|type:event|name=Apollo 8 landing}}<ref name="MissionReport"/>

| orbit_epoch           = December 24,ngày 24 tháng 12 năm 1968, ~02:30&nbsp;UTC
| orbit_reference       = [[Selenocentric orbit|Selenocentric]]
| orbit_periapsis       = {{convert|59.7|nmi|km|disp=flip|sp=us}}
| orbit_apoapsis        = {{convert|60.7|nmi|km|disp=flip|sp=us}}
| orbit_inclination     = 12&nbsp;degrees
| orbit_period          = 2&nbsp;hours
| apsis                 = selene

(contracted; show full)

==Chú thích==
{{tham khảo}}

==Tài liệu==
{{Refbegin|2}}
*{{chú thích sách |last=Baker |first=David |title=The History of Manned Space Flight |edition=1st |year=1981 |publisher=Crown Publishers |location=New York |isbn=0-517-54377-X |lccn=81003101 |ref=Baker}}
*{{chú thích sách |last=Bilstein |first=Roger E. |title=Stages to Saturn: A Technological History of the Apollo/Saturn Launch Vehicles |url=http://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/003130142 |accessdate=
June 28,ngày 28 tháng 6 năm 2013 |series=The NASA History Series |origyear=First published 1980 |year=1996 |publisher=NASA |location=Washington, D.C. |isbn=0-16-048909-1 |lccn=97149850 |id=NASA SP-4206 |ref=Bilstein}}
*{{chú thích sách |last=Chaikin |first=Andrew |authorlink=Andrew Chaikin |title=[[A Man on the Moon]]: The Voyages of the Apollo Astronauts |year=1994 |publisher=Viking |location=New York |isbn=978-0-670-81446-6 |lccn=93048680 |ref=Chaikin}}
(contracted; show full)9 |title=The Essence of the Human Spirit: Apollo 8 |journal=Horizons |volume=34 |issue=1 |pages=24–28 |location=Reston, VA |publisher=[[American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics]] (AIAA) |format=PDF |type=Newsletter, AIAA Houston Section |accessdate=July 1, 2013 |url=http://www.aiaahouston.org/Horizons/december2008.pdf}} – Article about the 40th Anniversary of Apollo 8

;Các báo cáo của NASA
* [http://history.nasa.gov/alsj/a410/A08_PressKit.pdf Apollo 8 Press Kit] (PDF), NASA, Release No. 68-208, 
December 15,ngày 15 tháng 12 năm 1968
* [http://history.nasa.gov/ap08fj/pdf/a08-missionreport.pdf "Apollo 8 Mission Report"] (PDF), NASA, MSC-PA-R-69-1, February 1969

;Truyền thông
* [https://archive.org/details/Apollo_8_-_Go_For_TLI ''Apollo 8: Go for TLI''] – 1969 NASA film at the [[Internet Archive]]
* [http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/apollo8_xmas.html "The Apollo 8 Christmas Eve Broadcast"] – NASA audio of Christmas Genesis transmission
* [https://archive.org/details/debrief_apollo_8 ''Debrief: Apollo 8''] – 1969 NASA film at the Internet Archive
* [https://archive.org/details/Apollo07And0816mmOnboardFilm "APOLLO 07 and 08 16MM ONBOARD FILM (1968)"] – raw footage taken from Apollos 7 and 8 at the Internet Archive
* [http://www.apollotv.net Apollo launch and mission videos] at ApolloTV.net
* [http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=36019 "Earth Viewed by Apollo 8"] at NASA

{{Chương trình Apollo}}

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