Difference between revisions 34840 and 38011 on enwiki

([[7th century BC]] - '''6th century BC''' - [[5th century BC]] - [[Centuries|other centuries]])

([[600s BC]] - [[590s BC]] - [[580s BC]] - [[570s BC]] - [[560s BC]] - [[550s BC]] - [[540s BC]] - [[530s BC]] - [[520s BC]] - [[510s BC]] - [[500s BC]] - [[Decades|other decades]])

([[2nd millennium BC]] - '''[[1st millennium BC]]''' - [[1st millennium AD]])
----
==Events==
* [[Cyrus the Great]] conquered many countries and created the [[Persian Empire]].
**[[History of Persia|Persians]] conquer [[Ancient Egypt]], dominate eastern [[Mediterranean]].
**Ruin of the [[Kingdom of Judah]] and the destruction of the First [[Temple in Jerusalem|Temple]] ([[586 BC]]), return of the Jews several decades later ([[538 BC]]).
** Fall of the [[Babylonian Empire]] ([[539 BC]]), destroyed by Cyrus the Great.
** The [[Persia|Persians]] under [[Darius I]] and later [[Cyrus]] invade [[Transoxiana]].
* [[Carthage]]'s merchant empire slowly dominates the western [[Mediterranean]]
*[[Roman Republic]] founded
*[[Gautama Buddha]] founds [[Buddhism]] in [[India]]. It becomes a major world religion.
*''[[Tao Te Ching]]'' written (traditional date)
*[[Confucius]] formulates his ethical system of [[Confucianism]], which proves highly influential in [[China]]
*The [[Sinhalese]] emigrate to [[Sri Lanka]]
*Apparent writing of the [[Book of Psalms]]
*The prophet [[Lehi]], according to the [[Book of Mormon]], leaves [[Jerusalem]] and settles in [[North America]].
* [[Abkhazia]] is colonized by the [[Greece|Greeks]].
*The celtic ''Bruthin'' or ''Priteni'', invade Britain and Ireland the [[British Isles]] some time before the [[5th century BC]].

==Significant persons==
*[[Stesichorus]] of [[Sicily]], [[lyric]] [[poet]] (c. [[640s BC|640]]-[[555 BC]]). 
*[[Solon]] of [[Athens]], one of the [[Seven Sages of Greece]] ([[630s BC|638]] - [[558 BC]]).
*[[Thales]], Greek mathematician ([[630s BC| 635]] - [[543 BC]]). Predicts solar eclipse in [[585 BC]].
*[[Pythagoras]] of [[Samos]], Greek mathematician. See [[Pythagorean theorem]]. ([[582 BC|582]] - [[496 BC]]).
*[[Cyrus the Great]], king of [[Persia]] ([[576 BC | 576]] - [[529 BC]], reigned [[559 BC|559]] - [[529 BC]]).
*[[Gautama Buddha]], founding figure of [[Buddhism]] (c. [[563 BC|563]] - [[483 BC]]).
*[[Confucius]], founding figure of [[Confucianism]] ([[551 BC|551]] - [[479 BC]]).
* [[Aeschylus]] of [[Athens]], [[playwright]] ([[525 BC|525]] - [[456 BC]]).
*[[Darius I of Persia | Darius I]], [[History of Persia | King of Persia]] (reigned [[521 BC|521]] - [[485 BC]]).
*[[Lehi]], first prophet recorded in the [[Book of Mormon]]

==Inventions, discoveries, introductions==
* First [[archeological]] surveys of the Arabian peninsula by [[Babylonian]] king [[Nabonidus]].

{{DecadesAndYearsBC|6|5|4}}

[[Category:6th century BC]]
[[ca:Segle VI AC]]
[[da:6. århundrede f.Kr.]]
[[de:6. Jahrhundert v. Chr.]]
[[es:Siglo VI adC]]
[[eo:6-a jarcento a.K.]]
[[fr:VIe siècle av. J.-C.]]
[[lb:6. Joerhonnert v. Chr.]]
[[nl:6e eeuw v. Chr.]]
[[ja:紀元前6世紀]]
[[pl:VI wiek p.n.e.]]
[[ru:VI век до н. э.]]
[[sl:6. stoletje pr. n. št.]]
[[zh:前6世纪{{otheruses}}

{{Taxobox_begin | color = pink | name = Squid}}
{{Taxobox_image | image = [[image:Mastigoteuthis flammea.jpg|200px|Whip-lash squid]] | caption = ''[[Mastigoteuthis flamea]]''<br>a species of [[whip-lash squid]]}}
{{Taxobox_begin_placement | color = pink}}
{{Taxobox_regnum_entry | taxon = [[Animal]]ia}}
{{Taxobox_phylum_entry | taxon = [[Mollusc]]a}}
{{Taxobox_classis_entry | taxon = [[Cephalopod]]a}}
{{Taxobox_subclassis_entry | taxon = [[Coleoidea]]}}
{{Taxobox_superordo_entry | taxon = [[Decapodiformes]]}}
{{Taxobox_ordo_entry | taxon = '''Teuthida'''}}<br>{{Taxobox_authority | author = [[A. Naef]] | date = [[1916]]b}}
{{Taxobox_end_placement}}
{{Taxobox_section_subdivision | color = pink | plural_taxon = [[Suborders]]}}
[[Loliginidae|Myopsina]]<br>
[[Oegopsina]]
{{Taxobox_end}}
'''Squids''' are the large, diverse group of marine [[mollusk]]s, popular as food in cuisines as widely separated as the [[Japanese cuisine|Japanese]] and the [[Italian cuisine|Italian]]. In fish markets and restaurants in [[English language|English]]-speaking countries, it is often known by the name '''calamari''', from the Italian word for these animals.

Squids are members of the class [[cephalopod|Cephalopoda]], subclass [[Coleoidea]], order '''Teuthida''', of which there are two major suborders, [[Myopsina]] and [[Oegopsina]] (including the [[giant squid]]s like ''Architeuthis dux''). Teuthida is the largest of the cephalopod orders, edging out the octopuses (order [[Octopoda]]) for total number of species, with 298 classified into 28 families.  

The order Teuthida is a member of the superorder [[Decapodiformes]] (from the [[Greek_language|Greek]] for "ten legs"). Two other orders of decapodiform cephaopods are also called squid, although they are [[taxonomy|taxonomically]] disctinct from Teuthida and differ recognizably in their gross anatomical features. They are the [[bobtail squid]]s of order [[Sepiolida]], and the [[Ram's Horn Squid]] of the single species order [[Spirulida]].  The [[Vampire Squid]], however, is more closely related to the octopuses than to any other squid.

Like all cephalopods, squids are distinguished by having a distinct head, bilateral symmetry and [[tentacle]]s with suckers; squid, like [[cuttlefish]], have eight arms and two tentacles arranged in pairs. They also have [[chromatophore]]s imbedded in their [[skin]] and the ability to expel [[ink]] if threatened. Being coleoids means that their bony structure is internalized (in the [[octopus]] it is nonexistent); in squid there is a single flat [[bone]] plate buried within the soft tissue structure. They have a specialized foot called the siphon, or hyponome, that enables them to move by expelling water under pressure. Squid are the most skilled of the coleoids at this form of motion. The mouth of the squid is beak-like and made of [[chitin]], and contains the [[radula]] (the rough tongue common to all molluscs).

Squid have two [[gill]]s and an extensive closed [[circulatory system]] consisting of a systemic [[heart]] and two gill hearts.

They are exclusively [[carnivorous]], feeding on fish and other invertebrates. Squid usually have two elongated tentacles especially for the capture of food.

[[Image:20000_squid_holding_sailor.jpg|thumb|left|Picture taken from an ancient [[Hetzel]] copy of ''[[Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea]]'']] 
The majority of squid are no more than 60 cm in length, but the [[giant squid]] is reportedly up to 20m in length, which made it the largest invertebrate in the world, and it has the largest eyes of all. Recently, however, an even larger specimen of a poorly understood species, ''Mesonychoteuthis hamiltoni'' (the [[Colossal Squid]]) has been discovered. Giant squids are featured in literature and folklore, with a strongly frightening connotation.
[[Image:Dired-squid.jpg|thumb|left|Dried and packaged squid]]

Individual species of squid are found abundantly in certain areas and provide large catches for [[fishery|fisheries]].
<br clear="all">
==Classification==
[[Image:Iwami squid drying DSC01868.jpg|thumb|right|250px|These squids are being dried in a harbor after being fished]]
*'''CLASS [[Cephalopoda|CEPHALOPODA]]'''
**Subclass [[Nautiloidea]]: nautilus
**Subclass [[Coleoidea]]: [[squid]], [[octopus]], [[cuttlefish]]
***Superorder [[Decapodiformes]]
****Order [[Spirulida]]: Ram's Horn Squid
****Order [[Sepiida]]: cuttlefish
****Order [[Sepiolida]]: bobtail squid
****'''Order Teuthida''': squid
*****Suborder [[Loliginidae|Myopsina]]
******Family [[Loliginidae]]: inshore, calamari, and grass squid
*****Suborder [[Oegopsina]]
******Family [[Sharpear Enope Squid|Ancistrocheiridae]]: Sharpear Enope Squid
******Family [[Architeuthis|Architeuthidae]]: giant squid
******Family [[Bathyteuthis|Bathyteuthidae]]
******Family [[Bush-club Squid|Batoteuthidae]]: Bush-club Squid
******Family [[Brachioteuthis|Brachioteuthidae]]
******Family [[Chiroteuthidae]]
******Family [[Chtenopteryx|Chtenopterygidae]]: comb-finned squid
******Family [[Cranchiidae]]: glass squid
******Family [[Cycloteuthidae]]
******Family [[Enoploteuthidae]]
******Family [[Gonatidae]]: armhook squid
******Family [[Histioteuthis|Histioteuthidae]]: jewel squid
******Family [[Joubin's Squid|Joubiniteuthidae]]: Joubin's Squid
******Family [[Grimaldi Scaled Squid|Lepidoteuthidae]]: Grimaldi Scaled Squid
******Family [[Lycoteuthidae]]
******Family [[Bigfin Squid|Magnapinnidae]]: Bigfin Squid
******Family [[Mastigoteuthidae]]: whip-lash squid
******Family [[Neoteuthidae]]
******Family [[Octopoteuthidae]]
******Family [[Ommastrephidae]]: flying squid
******Family [[Onychoteuthidae]]: hooked squid
******Family [[Pholidoteuthis|Pholidoteuthidae]]
******Family [[Promachoteuthis|Promachoteuthidae]]
******Family [[Glacial Squid|Psychroteuthidae]]: Glacial Squid
******Family [[Pyroteuthidae]]: fire squid
******Family [[Thysanoteuthis|Thysanoteuthidae]]: rhomboid squid
******Family [[Parateuthis|incertae sedis]] (uncertain group)  
******Family [[Walvisteuthis|Walvisteuthidae]]
***Superorder [[Octopodiformes]]

== External link ==
* [http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/04deepscope/logs/aug11/media/squid_video1.html Video of an unknown giant squid spicies]
[[Category:Squid| ]]

[[de:Kalmare]]
[[fr:Calmar]]
[[pl:Ka&#322;amarnice]]
[[pt:Lula]]