Difference between revisions 38011 and 38509 on enwiki

{{otheruses}}

{{Taxobox_begin | color = pink | name = Squid}}
{{Taxobox_image | image = [[image:Mastigoteuthis flammea.jpg|200px|Whip-lash squid]] | caption = ''[[Mastigoteuthis flamea]]''<br>a species of [[whip-lash squid]]}}
{{Taxobox_begin_placement | color = pink}}
{{Taxobox_regnum_entry | taxon = [[Animal]]ia}}
{{Taxobox_phylum_entry | taxon = [[Mollusc]]a}}
{{Taxobox_classis_entry | taxon = [[Cephalopod]]a}}
{{Taxobox_subclassis_entry | taxon = [[Coleoidea]]}}
{{Taxobox_superordo_entry | taxon = [[Decapodiformes]]}}
{{Taxobox_ordo_entry | taxon = '''Teuthida'''}}<br>{{Taxobox_authority | author = [[A. Naef]] | date = [[1916]]b}}
{{Taxobox_end_placement}}
{{Taxobox_section_subdivision | color = pink | plural_taxon = [[Suborders]]}}
[[Loliginidae|Myopsina]]<br>
[[Oegopsina]]
{{Taxobox_end}}
'''Squids''' are the large, diverse group of marine [[mollusk]]s, popular as food in cuisines as widely separated as the [[Japanese cuisine|Japanese]] and the [[Italian cuisine|Italian]]. In fish markets and restaurants in [[English language|English]]-speaking countries, it is often known by the name '''calamari''', from the Italian word for these animals.

Squids are members of the class [[cephalopod|Cephalopoda]], subclass [[Coleoidea]], order '''Teuthida''', of which there are two major suborders, [[Myopsina]] and [[Oegopsina]] (including the [[giant squid]]s like ''Architeuthis dux''). Teuthida is the largest of the cephalopod orders, edging out the octopuses (order [[Octopoda]]) for total number of species, with 298 classified into 28 families.  

The order Teuthida is a member of the superorder [[Decapodiformes]] (from the [[Greek_language|Greek]] for "ten legs"). Two other orders of decapodiform cephaopods are also called squid, although they are [[taxonomy|taxonomically]] disctinct from Teuthida and differ recognizably in their gross anatomical features. They are the [[bobtail squid]]s of order [[Sepiolida]], and the [[Ram's Horn Squid]] of the single species order [[Spirulida]].  The [[Vampire Squid]], however, is more closely related to the octopuses than to any other squid.

Like all cephalopods, squids are distinguished by having a distinct head, bilateral symmetry and [[tentacle]]s with suckers; squid, like [[cuttlefish]], have eight arms and two tentacles arranged in pairs. They also have [[chromatophore]]s imbedded in their [[skin]] and the ability to expel [[ink]] if threatened. Being coleoids means that their bony structure is internalized (in the [[octopus]] it is nonexistent); in squid there is a single flat [[bone]] plate buried within the soft tissue structure. They have a specialized foot called the siphon, or hyponome, that enables them to move by expelling water under pressure. Squid are the most skilled of the coleoids at this form of motion. The mouth of the squid is beak-like and made of [[chitin]], and contains the [[radula]] (the rough tongue common to all molluscs).

Squid have two [[gill]]s and an extensive closed [[circulatory system]] consisting of a systemic [[heart]] and two gill hearts.

They are exclusively [[carnivorous]], feeding on fish and other invertebrates. Squid usually have two elongated tentacles especially for the capture of food.

[[Image:20000_squid_holding_sailor.jpg|thumb|left|Picture taken from an ancient [[Hetzel]] copy of ''[[Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea]]'']] 
The majority of squid are no more than 60 cm in length, but the [[giant squid]] is reportedly up to 20m in length, which made it the largest invertebrate in the world, and it has the largest eyes of all. Recently, however, an even larger specimen of a poorly understood species, ''Mesonychoteuthis hamiltoni'' (the [[Colossal Squid]]) has been discovered. Giant squids are featured in literature and folklore, with a strongly frightening connotation.
[[Image:Dired-squid.jpg|thumb|left|Dried and packaged squid]]

Individual species of squid are found abundantly in certain areas and provide large catches for [[fishery|fisheries]].
<br clear="all">
==Classification==
[[Image:Iwami squid drying DSC01868.jpg|thumb|right|250px|These squids are being dried in a harbor after being fished]]
*'''CLASS [[Cephalopoda|CEPHALOPODA]]'''
**Subclass [[Nautiloidea]]: nautilus
**Subclass [[Coleoidea]]: [[squid]], [[octopus]], [[cuttlefish]]
***Superorder [[Decapodiformes]]
****Order [[Spirulida]]: Ram's Horn Squid
****Order [[Sepiida]]: cuttlefish
****Order [[Sepiolida]]: bobtail squid
****'''Order Teuthida''': squid
*****Suborder [[Loliginidae|Myopsina]]
******Family [[Loliginidae]]: inshore, calamari, and grass squid
*****Suborder [[Oegopsina]]
******Family [[Sharpear Enope Squid|Ancistrocheiridae]]: Sharpear Enope Squid
******Family [[Architeuthis|Architeuthidae]]: giant squid
******Family [[Bathyteuthis|Bathyteuthidae]]
******Family [[Bush-club Squid|Batoteuthidae]]: Bush-club Squid
******Family [[Brachioteuthis|Brachioteuthidae]]
******Family [[Chiroteuthidae]]
******Family [[Chtenopteryx|Chtenopterygidae]]: comb-finned squid
******Family [[Cranchiidae]]: glass squid
******Family [[Cycloteuthidae]]
******Family [[Enoploteuthidae]]
******Family [[Gonatidae]]: armhook squid
******Family [[Histioteuthis|Histioteuthidae]]: jewel squid
******Family [[Joubin's Squid|Joubiniteuthidae]]: Joubin's Squid
******Family [[Grimaldi Scaled Squid|Lepidoteuthidae]]: Grimaldi Scaled Squid
******Family [[Lycoteuthidae]]
******Family [[Bigfin Squid|Magnapinnidae]]: Bigfin Squid
******Family [[Mastigoteuthidae]]: whip-lash squid
******Family [[Neoteuthidae]]
******Family [[Octopoteuthidae]]
******Family [[Ommastrephidae]]: flying squid
******Family [[Onychoteuthidae]]: hooked squid
******Family [[Pholidoteuthis|Pholidoteuthidae]]
******Family [[Promachoteuthis|Promachoteuthidae]]
******Family [[Glacial Squid|Psychroteuthidae]]: Glacial Squid
******Family [[Pyroteuthidae]]: fire squid
******Family [[Thysanoteuthis|Thysanoteuthidae]]: rhomboid squid
******Family [[Parateuthis|incertae sedis]] (uncertain group)  
******Family [[Walvisteuthis|Walvisteuthidae]]
***Superorder [[Octopodiformes]]

== External link ==
* [http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/04deepscope/logs/aug11/media/squid_video1.html Video of an unknown giant squid spicies]
[[Category:Squid| ]]

[[de:Kalmare]]
[[fr:Calmar]]
[[pl:Ka&#322;amarnice]]
[[pt:Lula]][[Organized Green Party|Green Parties]] are committed to the following '''Four Pillars''':
* [[Non-Violence]]
* [[Grassroots Democracy]]
* [[Ecology]]
* [[Social Justice]]
These were originally defined by European Green Parties and later adopted by the [[U.S. Green Party]].

The four pillars are generally considered interdependent, reinforcing each other in non-obvious ways. They arose from shared concerns of the [[peace movement]] and [[ecology movement]].
⏎