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'''Standards in Localization and Translation'''
Standards are an agreed, repeatable way of doing something. they help make life simpler and  increase the reliability and the effectiveness of many goods and services we use.<!-- we already have an article on standardization; the introduction should relate specifically to the subject of localization and translation --> They are created by bringing together the experience and expertise of all interested parties such as the producers, sellers, buyers, users and regulators of a particular material, product, process or service. To create a standard, recognised and approved members from industry and academia join a committee and vote regularly for specifications, rules, and guidelines which characterise the standard<ref>{{cite web|last=Anastasiou|first=Dimitra|title=Localisation Standards and Metadata|url=http://www.springerlink.com/content/t42m541n266j00pn/fulltext.pdf|accessdate=10 June 2011}}</ref> . According to ISO, standardisation  go through  six stages: proposal, preparatory, committee, enquiry, approval, and publication stage<ref>{{cite web|title=Stages of the development of International Standards|url=http://www.iso.org/iso/standards_development/processes_and_procedures/stages_description.htm|publisher=ISO|accessdate=14 June 2011}}</ref> .

=== Some standards developing organisations ===
[[IEEE]]: [[Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers]].
[[ISO]]: [[International Organization for Standardization]].
[[LISA]]: Localization Industry Standards Association.
[[OASIS]]: [[Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards]].
[[W3C]]: [[W3 Consortium]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Anastasiou|first=Dimitra|title=Localisation Standards and Metadata|url=http://www.springerlink.com/content/t42m541n266j00pn/fulltext.pdf|accessdate=10 June 2011}}</ref>

== Standards in [[Translation]] ==
=== [[EN 15038]]:2006 standard ===
“[[EN 15038]]:2006 specifies the requirements for the translation service provider with regard to human and technical resources, quality and project management, the contractual framework, and service procedures.” (De Angéli<ref>{{cite web|last=de Angéli|first=Gérard|title=Do We Really Need Translation Standards After All?|url=http://www.translationdirectory.com/articles/article1579.php|accessdate=10 June 2011}}</ref>

=== [[TMX]] ([[Translation Memory eXchange]]) ===
[[TMX]]ranslation Memory eXchange]] (TMX) is an open [[XML]] standard for the exchange of [[translation memory]] data created by [[computer-aided translation]] and [[Language localization|localization]] tools.
Being in existence since 1998, the format allows easier exchange of [[translation memory]] between tools and/or translators with little or no loss of critical data<ref>{{cite web|title=Translation Memory eXchange|url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translation_Memory_eXchange|publisher=Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia|accessdate=10 June 2011}}</ref> .
The current version is 1.4b - it allows for the recreation of the original source and target documents from the [[TMX]] data. [[TMX]] 2.0 was released for public comment in March, 2007.

=== TBX ===
TBX is also standard for [[data exchange]], but it is specific for data coming from terminological databases. It includes two modules: a core structure, and a [[Formalism|formalism]]{{dn|date=July 2011}} for identifying a set of data-categories and their constraints, both expressed in [[XML]]. It is noteworthy that TBX is based on the ISO standard 30042. The TBX framework defined by ISO 30042:2008 supports analysis, descriptive representation, dissemination, and interchange of terminological data in various computer environments.<ref>{{cite web|last=Anastasiou|first=Dimitra|title=Localisation Standards and Metadata|url=http://www.springerlink.com/content/t42m541n266j00pn/fulltext.pdf|accessdate=10 June 2011}}</ref>

=== [[SRX]] ===
aAfter realizing that the leverage of [[Translation Memory eXchange|TMX]] was not high, because every tool segmented the text to be translated in a different way, [[SRX]] was developed{{dn|date=July 2011}} was developed{{by whom|date=July 2011}} to describe how [[translation]] and other language-processing tools segment text for processing. Thus the parallel implementation of [[TMX]] with [[SRX]] increases the [[TMX]] leverage, as it allows for the transmission of the segmentation rules that were used when a [[Transactional memory|TM]] was created.

=== [[GMX-V]] ===
[[GMX-V]] quantifies the workload for a given localization or translation task, not only by word and character count, but also by counting exact and fuzzy matches, [[alphanumeric]] text units, standalone punctuation, etc.
The [[XML]] customization allows for page counts, file counts, screen shot counts, etc., which are useful for localization processes.
[[GMX-V]] is based on the following well-defined standards: [[XLIFF]], Unicode [[ISO 10646]], and Unicode TR29-9. There are other components of GMX, i.e. complexity (C) and quality (Q). both are proposed, but not yet defined<ref>{{cite web|title=Global Information Management Metrics Volume (GMX-V) 1.0 Specification|url=http://transtandards.sourceforge.net/GMX1-specification.html|publisher=The Localization Industry Standards Association [LISA] 2007|accessdate=10 June 2011}}</ref> .

=== [[DITA]] - Darwin Information Typing Architecture ===⏎
[[Darwin Information Typing Architecture]] ===
it is Ddeveloped and managed by [[OASIS]] ([[Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards]]) (OASIS) and Uused for authoring purposes. It is an XML-based, [[end-to-end principle|end-to-end]] architecture for authoring, producing, and delivering readable information as discrete, typed topics<ref>{{cite web|title=Darwin Information Typing Architecture (DITA XML)|url=http://xml.coverpages.org/dita.html|accessdate=10 June 2011}}</ref> .

=== [[ITS]] - [[Internationalization Tag Set]] ===
It is Developed and managed by [[W3C]]., [[ITS]]nternationalization Tag Set]] (ITS) is a technology to create easily [[XML]], which is internationalised and can be localised effectively; The [[ITS]] specification identifies concepts such as "[[Writing direction|direction]]ality]]" and defines implementations of these concepts ("ITS data categories") as a set of elements and attributes<ref>{{cite web|last=Schneider|first=Daniel|title=Software localization|url=http://edutechwiki.unige.ch/en/Software_localization|accessdate=10 June 2011}}</ref> .

== References ==
<!--- See [[Wikipedia:Footnotes]] on how to create references using <ref></ref> tags which will then appear here automatically -->
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* http://www.cngl.ie/drupal/sites/default/files/papers3/Localisation,%20Centre%20for%20Next%20Generation%20Localisation%20and%20Standards.pdf
* http://localizationlocalisation.wordpress.com/
* http://www.eamt.org/
* http://www.springerlink.com/content/100310/

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