Difference between revisions 642163408 and 642166735 on enwiki

'''Zerona''' is a low-level laser device developed by Erchonia Corp. for non-invasive body slimming of the waist, hips, and thighs. It has been shown to disrupt [[adipocyte]], or fat cell, membranes causing the release of stored [[lipids]] and fatty material, in turn, promoting adipocyte collapse. The device was first introduced to the market in 2008 as an [[off-label use]] device for slimming, but later was cleared as a [[Medical device#Class II: General controls with special (contracted; show full)7=Cingolani |first7=A. |journal=FEBS Letters |volume=175 |pmid=6479342 |issue=1}}</ref><ref name=pmid2476986>{{cite journal |pages=1428–34 |doi=10.1016/0006-291X(89)91138-8 |title=Increase in RNA and protein synthesis by mitochondria irradiated with Helium-Neon laser |year=1989 |last1=Greco |first1=M |journal=Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications |volume=163 |issue=3 |pmid=2476986 |last2=Guida |first2=G |last3=Perlino |first3=E |last4=Marra |first4=E |last5=Quagliariello |first5=E
|doi_brokendate=2015-01-12 }}</ref> Stimulation of cytochrome c oxidase with a well-defined monochromatic low-level laser instrument modulates cellular metabolism and secondary biological cascades which can affect cell function and behavior giving rise to the positive clinical outcomes that have been reported.<ref name=pmc2790317/> Subsequent to laser stimulation the mitochondrial membrane potential and proton gradient increases, prompting changes in mitochondria optical properties and increasing the rate of ADP/ATP excha(contracted; show full)

The [[Downregulation and upregulation|upregulation]] of ATP induced by laser therapy is also responsible for the increased production of a natural byproduct known as [[reactive oxygen species]] (ROS).<ref name=pmid16248161>{{cite journal |pmid=16248161 |year=2005 |last1=Klebanov |first1=GI 
|title=The role of lipid peroxidation products in the effect of He-Ne laser on human blood leukocytes |last2=Chichuk |first2=TV |last3=Osipov |first3=AN |last4=Vladimirov |first4=IuA |script-title=ru:Роль продуктов перекисного окисления липидов в механизме действия лазерного облучения на лейкоциты крови человека |language=Russian |trans_title=The role of lipid peroxidation products in the effect of He-Ne laser on human blood leukocytes |volume=50 |issue=5 |pages=862–6 |journal=Biofizika |url=http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=9144231}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |pmid=15129632 |year=2004 |last1=Vladimirov |first1=IuA |title=Molecular and cellular mechanisms of the low intensity laser radiation effect |last2=Klebanov |first2=GI |last3=Borisenko |first3=GG |last4=Osipov |first4=AN |script-title=ru:Молекулярно-клеточные механизмы действия низкоинтенсивного лазерного излучения |language=Russian |trans_title=Molecular and cellular mechanisms of the low intensity laser radiation effect |volume=49 |issue=2 |pages=339–50 |journal=Biofizika}}</ref><ref name=pmid8570716>{{cite journal |pages=580–7 |doi=10.1111/j.1751-1097.1995.tb02388.x |title=Photodynamically generated 3-β-hydroxy-5α-cholest-6-ene-5-(contracted; show full)

Studies have revealed a correlation between deregulated adipose tissue function and excessive fat mass having deleterious effects on the endocrine and immune systems.<ref name=pmid19948207>{{cite journal |pages=69–78 |doi=10.1016/j.mce.2009.11.011 |title=The autocrine and paracrine roles of adipokines |year=2010 |last1=Karastergiou |first1=Kalypso |last2=Mohamed-Ali |first2=Vidya |journal=Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology |volume=318 |pmid=19948207 |issue=1–2
|doi_brokendate=2015-01-12 }}</ref><ref name=pmid18334583>{{cite journal |pages=2255–62 |doi=10.1210/jc.2007-2188 |title=Adipokine Protein Expression Pattern in Growth Hormone Deficiency Predisposes to the Increased Fat Cell Size and the Whole Body Metabolic Derangements |year=2008 |last1=Ukropec |first1=J. |last2=Penesova |first2=A. |last3=Skopkova |first3=M. |last4=Pura |first4=M. |last5=Vlcek |first5=M. |last6=Radikova |first6=Z. |last7=Imrich |first7=R. |last8=Ukropcova |first8=B. |last9=Tajtakova |first9=M. |last10=Koška |first10=Juraj |last11=Zórad |first11=Štefan |last12=Belan |first12=Vítazoslav |last13=Vaňuga |first13=Peter |last14=Payer |first14=Juraj |last15=Eckel |first15=Juergen |last16=Klimeš |first16=Iwar |last17=Gašperíková |first17=Daniela |journal=Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism |volume=93 |issue=6|display-authors=8 }}</ref><ref name=pmid18037457>{{cite journal |pages=206–18 |doi=10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.10.010 |title=The role of adipose tissue dysfunction in the pathogenesis of obesity-related insulin resistance |year=2008 |last1=Goossens |first1=Gijs H. |journal=Physiology & Behavior |volume=94 |issue=2|doi_brokendate=2015-01-12 }}</ref><ref name=pmid20107860>{{cite journal |pages=1277–92 |doi=10.1007/s00018-010-0263-4 |title=Adipocyte extracellular matrix composition, dynamics and role in obesity |year=2010 |last1=Mariman |first1=Edwin C. M. |last2=Wang |first2=Ping |journal=Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences |volume=67 |issue=8 |pmid=20107860 |pmc=2839497}}</ref><ref name=pmid19192421>{{cite journal |pages=26–32 |doi=10.1007/s11892-009-0006-9 |title=Impact of increased adipose tissue mass on inflammation(contracted; show full)urnal |pages=271–8 |doi=10.1172/JCI7901 |title=Surgical implantation of adipose tissue reverses diabetes in lipoatrophic mice |year=2000 |last1=Gavrilova |first1=Oksana |last2=Marcus-Samuels |first2=Bernice |last3=Graham |first3=David |last4=Kim |first4=Jason K. |last5=Shulman |first5=Gerald I. |last6=Castle |first6=Arthur L. |last7=Vinson |first7=Charles |last8=Eckhaus |first8=Michael |last9=Reitman |first9=Marc L. |journal=Journal of Clinical Investigation |volume=105 |issue=3 |pmid=10675352 |pmc=377444 
|display-authors=9 }}</ref> Therefore, preserving cell viability while restoring a lean state is an important strategy as adipocytes exert a protective action by releasing beneficial endocrine hormones. Zerona has been proven to restore a lean state adipocytes without inducing cell apoptosis. It is hypothesized that Zerona could serve as an adjunct to other dietary therapies to promote insulin sensitivity and reduce the risk of diabetes.  Zerona, based on histological evidence, has proven to reduce adipose tissue fat ma(contracted; show full)== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
* [http://www.erchonia.com/ Erchonia Corp., Official Website]

[[Category:Laser medicine]]
[[Category:Management of obesity]]