Difference between revisions 1952721 and 1952728 on enwikiversity

[[Image:Ice cap.jpg|thumb|right|250px|This is an aerial image of the ice cap on Ellesmere Island, Canada. Credit: National Snow and Ice Data Center.]]
'''Earth''' is a rocky astronomical object, a liquid object, a gaseous object, and a plasma object.
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==Astronomy==
{{main|Keynote lectures/Astronomy}}
[[Image:Greenland 42.74746W 71.57394N.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Satellite composite image shows the ice sheet of Greenland. Credit: NASA.]]
(contracted; show full)|bibcode=2007M&PS...42..223T
|doi=10.1111/j.1945-5100.2007.tb00229.x
|pmid=
|accessdate=2011-08-07 }}</ref>
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==Atmospheric astronomy==
{{main|A
stronomy/Atmospheres/Astronomy|Atmospheric astronomy}}
[[Image:Atmospheric Water Vapor Mean.2005.030.jpg|thumb|left|250px|This is a graph of the global mean atmospheric water vapor superimposed on an outline of the Earth. Credit: NASA.]]
[[Image:SG haze-skyline.JPG|thumb|right|250px|This image demonstrates obstacles to observation (the Singapore skyline) and one atmospheric object: [[w:haze|haze]]. Credit: [[commons:User:SpLoT|SpLoT]].]]
(contracted; show full)* [[w:Stratosphere|Stratosphere]] &mdash; Troposphere to 50 km
* [[w:Mesosphere|Mesosphere]] &mdash; Stratosphere to 85 km
* [[w:Thermosphere|Thermosphere]] &mdash; Mesosphere to 675 km
* [[w:Exosphere|Exosphere]] &mdash; Thermosphere to 10,000 km, after [[w:Altitude#Altitude regions|altitude regions]].
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==Ionospheres==
{{main|A
stronomy/Atmospheres/Astronomy/Ionospheres|Ionospheres}}
[[Image:Ionosphere-Thermosphere Processes.jpg|thumb|right|250px|In this diagram, the prominent features in the ionosphere-thermosphere system and their coupling to the different energy inputs show the complex temporal and spatial phenomena that are generated. Credit: NASA.]]
Upon reaching the top of the [[w:Mesosphere|mesosphere]], the temperature starts to rise, but air pressure continues to fall. This is the beginning of the [[w:ionosphere|ionosphere]], a region dominated by chemical ions. Many of them are the same chemicals such as [[w:nitrogen|nitrogen]] and [[w:oxygen|oxygen]] in the atmosphere below, but an ever increasing number are hydrogen ions ([[w:proton|proton]]s) and helium ions. These can be detected by an ion spectrometer. The process of [[w:ionization|ionization]] removes one or more [[w:electron|electron]]s from a neutral atom to yield a variety of ions depending on the chemical element species and incidence of sufficient energy to remove the electrons.
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==Exospheres==
{{main|Astronomy/Atmospheres/Astronomy/Exospheres|Exospheres}}
Into the exosphere or outer space, temperature rises from around 1,500°C to upwards of 100,000 K.

==Sun==
{{main|Stars/Sun|Sun (star)}}
[[Image:Sun rise in Kodachadri.JPG|thumb|right|250px|The image shows a sunrise in Kodachadri. Credit: [[commons:User:Chinmayahd|Chinmayahd]].]]
[[Image:Orange Sun in Boracay, Philippines.jpg|thumb|left|250px|The image shows an orange sun in Boracay, Philippines. Credit: [[commons:User:Sarahr|Sarahr]].]]
(contracted; show full)|bibcode=
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|pmid=
|accessdate=2012-04-24 }}</ref>
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==Skies==
{{main|
Skies/Astronomy/Skies|Sky astronomy}}
[[Image:Clouds over the Atlantic Ocean.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Although the image contains a layer of cumulus clouds, at the horizon, the [[w:Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic Ocean]] meets the edge of the sky. Location :Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, July 4, 2008. Credit: [[commons:User:Tfioreze|Tiago Fioreze]].]]
Being outside in the day light to look upward when the Sun is off to the East or West, you may see that the [[w:Diffuse sky radiation|sky is blue]] depending on the [[w:weather|weather]].

(contracted; show full) has filled in more of the eastern coastline. Urban areas are visible in the northern and western portions of the island; they are recognizable by linear street patterns and the presence of bright building rooftops. The silver-grey appearance of the Caribbean Sea surface is due to sun-glint, which is the mirror-like reflection of sunlight off the water surface back towards the hand-held camera on-board the ISS. The sun-glint highlights surface wave patterns around the island.
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==Craters==
{{main|
Craters/Astronomy/Craters|Crater astronomy}}
[[Image:Barringer Crater aerial photo by USGS.jpg|thumb|left|250px|This is an aerial view of the Barringer Meteor Crater about 69 km east of Flagstaff, Arizona. Credit:D. Roddy, U.S. Geological Survey.]]
[[Image:Yucatan chix crater.jpg|thumb|right|120px|The Chicxulub impact crater is outlined. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech, modified by [[w:User:David Fuchs|David Fuchs]].]]
(contracted; show full)out of a storm formation. Scientists wouldn't have been surprised to see a few positrons accompanying any intense gamma ray burst, but the lightning flash detected by Fermi appeared to have produced about 100 trillion positrons. This has been reported by media in January 2011, it is an effect, never considered to happen before.<ref>http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2011/01/110111-thunderstorms-antimatter-beams-fermi-radiation-science-space/</ref>
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==Zodiacal Light==
{{main|
Astronomy/Zodiacs/Lights/Astronomy|Zodiacal lights}}
[[Image:EZL-Faulkes.jpg|thumb|right|150px|The Zodiacal Light is over the Faulkes Telescope, Haleakala, Maui. Credit: 808caver.]]
"According to Gruson and Brugsch the Egyptians were acquainted with, and even worshipped, the zodiacal light from the very earliest times, as a phenomenon visible throughout the East before sunrise and after sunset. It was described as a glowing sheaf or luminous pyramid perpendicular to the horizon in summer, and inclined more or less during the winter. In(contracted; show full)==Technology==
{{main|Technology}}
[[Image:Methane measurements siberia.jpe.jpeg|thumb|right|250px|An under water, under ice bubble trap is installed on a lake in Siberia. Credit: Katey Walter.]]
Here at the right an under water, under-ice bubble trap is installed in a lake in Siberia.
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==Aircraft==
{{main|A
stronomy/Airborneirborne/Astronomy|Airborne astronomy}}
[[Image:446826main ED10-0080-03c 946-710.jpg|thumb|right|250px|The SOFIA observatory is flying with 100% open telescope door. Credit: NASA.]]
The "Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy [(SOFIA) is] mounted onboard a Boeing 747SP. [...] SOFIA’s 2.7 m mirror and optimized telescope system combines the highest available spatial resolution with excellent sensitivity. SOFIA will operate in both celestial hemispheres for the next two decades."<ref name=Krabbe>{{ cite book
| author=Alfred Krabbe
| title=SOFIA telescope, In: ‘’Proceedings of SPIE: Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation’’
| pages=276–281
| date=March 2007
| publisher=SPIE — The International Society for Optical Engineering
| location=Munich, Germany
|url=http://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/0004253v1.pdf
| arxiv=astro-ph/0004253 }}</ref>

It has an operating altitude of 12-14 km, 39,000-45,000 ft and a spatial resolution of 1-3" for 0.3 < λ < 15 µm, and λ/10" for λ > 15 µm.<ref name=Krabbe/> 
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==Hypotheses==
{{main|Hypotheses}}
# Earth is a rocky object throughout most of its interior and exterior.

==See also==
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* [[Solar System, technical/Earth]]
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==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==

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