Difference between revisions 984479 and 984523 on enwikiversity

{{yawn}}
Astronomy is performed by location and is subject to local conditions. The shapes and sizes of observatories have changed over time, as have their altitude. The motivations for putting an observatory manned or unmanned at different altitudes has led to a great variety in '''lofting technology'''.
{{secondary}}
{{tertiary}}
{{research}}
{{article}}
{{lecture}}
{{astronomy}}
(contracted; show full)
[[Image:Launch of Pioneer 10-2.jpg|thumb|left|200px|The launch of Pioneer 10 aboard an [[w:Atlas-Centaur|Atlas/Centaur]] vehicle. Credit: NASA Ames Resarch Center (NASA-ARC).]]
[[Image:Pioneer 10 mission jupiter.svg.png|thumb|right|200px|This diagram shows the interplanetary trajectory for Pioneer 10. Credit: NASA.]]
[[Image:ISEE3-ICE-trajectory.gif|thumb|left|200px|ISEE-3 is inserted into a "halo" orbit on June 10, 1982. Credit: NASA.]]

[[Image:Titan 3E with Voyager 1.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Voyager 1 lifts off on a [[w:Titan IIIE|Titan IIIE]]-[[w:Centaur (rocket stage)|Centaur]]. Credit: .]]
[[Image:Tour-v1-2.svg|thumb|left|200px|The primary mission trajectory of Voyager 1 is shown in the figure. Credit: .]]⏎
"'''''Pioneer 10''''' is a 258-kilogram [[w:Robotic spacecraft|robotic]] [[w:space probe|space probe]] that completed the first mission to the planet [[Jupiter]]<ref name=Fimmel>{{ cite book |title=SP-349/396 PIONEER ODYSSEY |last=Fimmel |first=R. O. |coauthors=W. Swindell, and E. Burgess |year=1974 |publisher=NASA-Ames Research Center |isbn=SP-349 |url=http://history.nasa.gov/SP-349/ch8.htm |accessdate=2011-01-09}}</ref> and became the firs(contracted; show full)halo" orbit about the libration point some 240 Earth radii upstream between the Earth and Sun. ISEE-3 was renamed ICE (International Cometary Explorer) when, after completing its original mission in 1982, it was gravitationally maneuvered to intercept the comet P/Giacobini-Zinner. On September 11, 1985, the veteran NASA spacecraft flew through the tail of the comet. The X-ray spectrometer aboard ISEE-3 was designed to study both solar flares and cosmic gamma-ray bursts over the energy range 5-228 keV.
⏎
⏎
"The ''Voyager 1'' probe was launched on September 5, 1977, from [[w:Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Space Launch Complex 41|Space Launch Complex 41]] at [[w:Cape Canaveral Air Force Station|Cape Canaveral, Florida]], aboard a [[w:Titan IIIE|Titan IIIE]]-[[w:Centaur (rocket stage)|Centaur]] [[w:carrier rocket|launch vehicle]]."<ref name=Voyager1>{{ cite journal
|title=Voyager 1
|journal=Wikipedia
|publisher=Wikimedia Foundation, Inc
|location=San Francisco, California
|month=December 4,
|year=2012
|url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voyager_1
|pdf=
|accessdate=2012-12-05 }}</ref>

"On November 17, 1998, ''Voyager 1'' overtook ''Pioneer 10'' as the most distant man-made object from Earth, at a distance of {{convert|69.419|AU|km|abbr=on}}. It is currently the most distant functioning space probe to receive commands and transmit information to Earth."<ref name=Voyager1/>
{{clear}}

==See also==
{{div col|colwidth=12em}}
* [[Alignment telescope]]
* [[Astronomy]]
* [[Gamma-ray astronomy]]
(contracted; show full)[[Category:History of science]]
[[Category:Original research]]
[[Category:Physics and Astronomy]]
[[Category:Research]]
[[Category:Research projects]]
[[Category:Resources last modified in October 2012]]

<!-- interlanguage links -->