Difference between revisions 3531382 and 3531383 on mswiki

{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2014}}
{{Communism sidebar}}
{{pp-protected|small=yes}}
Pembunuhan beramai-ramai berlaku di bawah beberapa rejim Komunis pada abad kedua puluh dengan nombor angka kematian dianggarkan antara 85 dan 100 juta.<ref name="Courtois1999Introduction">[[#Courtois1999Introduction|Courtois (1999) "Pengenalan"]] ms. X: USSR: 20 juta kematian; China: 65 juta kematian; Vietnam: 1 juta kematian; Korea Utara: 2 juta kematian; Kemboja: 2 juta kematian; Eropah Timur: 1 juta(contracted; show full)

=== Kemboja (Kampuchea Demokratik) ===
{{See also|Pembunuhan beramai-ramai Kemboja}}

[[File:Choeungek2.JPG|thumb|200px|right| Tengkorak mangsa rejim [[Khmer Rouge]] di Kemboja.]]

Helen Fein, 
a genocide scholar, notes that, although Cambodian leaders declared adherence to an exotic version of agrarian communist doctrine, the xenophobic ideology of the [[Khmer Rouge]] regime resembles more a phenomenon of [[national socialism]], or fascism.<ref>Helen Fein. Revolutionary and Antirevolutionary Genocides: A Comparison of State Murders in Democratic Kampuchea, 1975 to 1979, and in Indonesia, 1965 to 1966. ''Comparative Studies in Society and History'', Vol. 35, No. 4 (Oct. 1993), pp. 796–823</ref> Daniel Goldhagen explains that the Khmer Rouge were xenophobic because they believed the [[Khmer people|Khmer]] were "the one authentic people capable of building true communism."<ref name="Goldhagen207">[[#Goldhagen2009WorsethanWar|Goldhagen (2009) ''Worse than War'']] p. 207.</ref> Sociologist [[Martin Shaw (sociologist)|Martin Shaw]] described the Cambodian genocide as "the purest genocide of the [[Cold War]] era".<ref>''Theory of the Global State: Globality as Unfinished Revolution'' by [[Martin Shaw (sociologist)|Martin Shaw]], [[Cambridge University Press]], 2000, pp 141, ISBN 978-0-521-59730-2.</ref>

[[The Killing Fields]] were a number of sites in [[Cambodia]] where large numbers of people were killed and buried by the Khmer Rouge regime, during its rule of the country from 1975 to 1979, immediately after the end of the [[Vietnam War]].  At least 200,000 people were executed by theseorang ulama pembunuhan beramai-ramai, menyatakan bahawa, walaupun pemimpin Kemboja mengisytiharkan pematuhan kepada versi eksotik doktrin komunis pertanian, ideologi Xenophobia daripada [[Khmer Rouge]] rejim menyerupai lebih satu fenomena [[sosialisme negara]], atau fasisme.<ref>Helen Fein. Revolutionary and Antirevolutionary Genocides: A Comparison of State Murders in Democratic Kampuchea, 1975 to 1979, and in Indonesia, 1965 to 1966. ''Comparative Studies in Society and History'', Vol. 35, No. 4 (Oct. 1993), pp. 796–823</ref> Daniel Goldhagen menjelaskan bahawa Khmer Rouge adalah xenophobia kerana mereka percaya yang [[Orang Khmer|Khmer]] adalah "satu-satunya bangsa asli yang mampu membina komunisme benar."<ref name="Goldhagen207">[[#Goldhagen2009WorsethanWar|Goldhagen (2009) ''Worse than War'']] p. 207.</ref> Sosiologi [[Martin Shaw (sosiologi)|Martin Shaw]] diterangkan pembunuhan beramai-ramai di Kemboja sebagai "pembunuhan beramai-ramai yang paling murni dari era [[Perang Dingin]]".<ref>''Theory of the Global State: Globality as Unfinished Revolution'' oleh [[Martin Shaw (sociologist)|Martin Shaw]], [[Cambridge University Press]], 2000, pp 141, ISBN 978-0-521-59730-2.</ref>

[[The Killing Fields]] adalah beberapa tapak di [[Kemboja]] di mana ramai orang telah dibunuh dan dikebumikan oleh rejim Khmer Rouge, semasa pemerintahannya negara 1975-1979, dengan serta-merta selepas akhir [[Perang Vietnam]]. Sekurang-kurangnya 200,000 orang telah disempurnakan oleh Khmer Rouge,<ref>Chandler, David. The Killing Fields. At The Digital Archive Of Cambodian Holocaust Survivors. [http://www.cybercambodia.com/dachs/killing/killingfields.html]</ref> while estimates of the total number of deaths resulting from Khmer Rouge policies, including disease and starvation, range from 1.4 to 2.2 million out of a population of around 7 million.<ref>Peace Pledge Union Information – Talking about genocides – Cambodia 1975 – [http://www.ppu.org.uk/genocide/g_cambodia1.h(contracted; show full)
 | last = Sharp
 | first = Bruce
 | title = Counting Hell: The Death Toll of the Khmer Rouge Regime in Cambodia
 |date= April 1, 2005
 | url = http://www.mekong.net/cambodia/deaths.htm
 | accessdate = July 5, 2006 }}</ref>

[[Steven Rosefielde]] 
claims that Democratic Kampuchea was the deadliest of all communist regimes on a per capita basis, primarily because it "lacked a viable productive core" and "failed to set boundaries on mass murder."<ref name="Rosefielde120121">[[#Rosefielde2009RedHolocaust|Rosefielde (2009) ''Red Holocaust'']] pp. 120–121.</ref>

In 1997 the Cambodian Government asked the [[United Nations]] assistance in setting up a [[Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia|genocide tribunal]].<ref name=KD-Time>Doyle, Kevin. [http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1647257,00.html Putting the Khmer Rouge on Trial], [[Time (magazine)|Time]], July 26, 2007</ref><ref>MacKinnon, Ian [http://www.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,,2028421,00.html Crisis talks to save Khmer Rouge trial], [[The Guardian]], March 7, 2007</ref><ref>[http://www.cambodia.gov.kh/krt/english/ The Khmer Rouge Trial Task Forc], Royal Cambodian Government</ref> The investigating judges were presented with the names of five possible suspects by the prosecution on July 18, 2007.<ref name=KD-Time/> On September 19, 2007 [[Nuon Chea]], second in command of the Khmer Rouge and its most senior surviving member, was charged with [[war crime]]s and [[crimes against humanity]], but not charged with genocide. He will face Cambodian and foreign judges at the special genocide tribunal.<ref name="ApBbcKr"/>

[[File:ChoeungEk-Darter-7.jpg|thumb|left| Infants were fatally smashed against the [[Chankiri Tree]] (Killing Tree) at [[Choeung Ek]], Cambodituntutan yang Kampuchea Demokratik adalah paling dahsyat semua rejim komunis secara per kapita, terutamanya kerana ia "tidak mempunyai teras yang produktif berdaya maju" dan "gagal untuk menetapkan sempadan pada pembunuhan beramai-ramai."<ref name="Rosefielde120121">[[#Rosefielde2009RedHolocaust|Rosefielde (2009) ''Red Holocaust'']] ms. 120–121.</ref>

Pada tahun 1997 Kerajaan Kemboja meminta bantuan [[PBB]] dengan menubuhkan sebuah [[Dewan Luar Biasa di Mahkamah Kemboja|pembunuhan tribunal beramai-ramai]].<ref name=KD-Time>Doyle, Kevin. [http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1647257,00.html Putting the Khmer Rouge on Trial], [[Time (magazine)|Time]], July 26, 2007</ref><ref>MacKinnon, Ian [http://www.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,,2028421,00.html Crisis talks to save Khmer Rouge trial], [[The Guardian]], March 7, 2007</ref><ref>[http://www.cambodia.gov.kh/krt/english/ The Khmer Rouge Trial Task Forc], Royal Cambodian Government</ref> Para hakim penyiasat telah dibentangkan dengan nama-nama lima suspek mungkin oleh pihak pendakwaan pada 18 Julai 2007.<ref name=KD-Time/> Pada 19 September, 2007 [[Nuon Chea]], kedua dalam perintah Khmer Rouge dan ahli yang paling kanan yang masih hidup, didakwa [[perang jenayah]] dan [[jenayah terhadap kemanusiaan]], tetapi tidak didakwa dengan pembunuhan beramai-ramai. Dia akan menghadapi Kemboja dan hakim asing pada pembunuhan beramai-ramai tribunal khas.<ref name="ApBbcKr"/>

[[File:ChoeungEk-Darter-7.jpg|thumb|left| Bayi telah parah memecahkan terhadap (Tree Membunuh) [[Chankiri Tree]] di [[Choeung Ek]], Kemboja.<ref>[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/worldnews/article-1191601/Khmer-Rouge-torturer-describes-killing-babies-smashing-trees.html Khmer Rouge torturer describes killing babies by 'smashing them into trees'] [[Mail Online]], June 9, 2009</ref>]]

=== Lain-lain ===
(contracted; show full)==Pautaun luar==
*[http://www.globalmuseumoncommunism.org/ The Global Museum on Communism]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mass Killings Under Communist Regimes}}
[[Kategori:Pembunuhan beramai-ramai]]
[[Kategori:Negara komunis]]
[[Kategori:Komunisme]]
[[Kategori:Penindasan komunis]]