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{{about|sejarah sains dalam tamadun Islam di antara abad ke-8 dan ke-16|maklumat pada sains dalam konteks Islam|Islam dan sains}}
{{History of science sidebar}}

(contracted; show full)sesuaian telah diberikan oleh doktor dan sama ada prestasinya menepati piawai bagi penjagaan pesakit. Sekiranya semakan mereka negatif, maka doktor tersebut mungkin menghadapi tindakan undang-undang daripada pesakit yang tidak mendapat rawatan bersesuaian.<ref>Ray Spier (2002), "The history of the peer-review process", ''Trends in Biotechnology'' '''20''' (8), p. 357-358 [357].</ref>

== Sains gunaan ==
'' Maklumat lanjut: [[
Inventions in the Muslim worldRekacipta di Dunia Islam]] [[Revolusi Pertanian Islam]] [[Timeline of Muslim scientists and engineersGaris masa saintis dan jurutera Muslim]]

[[Fielding H. Garrison]] wrote in themenulis di dalam ''History of Medicine'':

{{quote|"The [[Saracen]]s themselves were the originators not only of [[algebra]], [[chemistry]], and [[geology]], but of many of the so-called improvements or refinements of civilization, such as [[Street light|street lamps]], [[window]]-[[Paned window|panes]], [[firework]], [[string instrument|stringed instruments]], [[cultivation|cultivated]] [[fruit]]s, [[perfume]]s, [[spice]]s, etc..."<ref name=Garrison>[[Fielding H. Garrison]], ''An Introduction to the History of Medicine: with Medical Chronology, Suggestions for Study and Biblographic Data'', p. 86</ref>}}

In the [[applied science]]s, a significant number of inventions and technologies were produced by medieval Muslim scientists and engineers such as [[Abbas Ibn Firnas]], [[Taqi al-Din]], and particularly [[al-Jazari]], who is considered a pioneer in modern engineering.<ref>[http://www.mtestudios.com/news_100_years.htm 1000 Years of Knowledge Rediscovered at Ibn Battuta Mall], MTE Studios.</ref> Some of the inventions believed to have come from the medieval Islamic world include the [[Computer programming|programmable]] [[automaton]],<ref>Teun Koetsier (2001), "On the prehistory of programmable machines: musical automata, looms, calculators", ''Mechanism and Machine theory'' '''36''': 590-591</ref> [[coffee]], the [[soap bar]], [[shampoo]], pure [[distillation]], [[liquefaction]], [[crystallisation]], [[purification]], [[oxidisation]], [[evaporation]], [[filtration]], [[Distilled beverage|distilled]] [[alcohol]], [[uric acid]], [[nitric acid]], [[alembic]], the [[crankshaft]], the [[valve]], the [[Reciprocating engine|reciprocating]] [[suction]] [[piston]] [[pump]], [[mechanical clock]]s driven by [[Water clock|water]] and [[weight]]s, the [[combination lock]], [[quilting]], the pointed [[arch]], the [[scalpel]], the bone [[saw]], [[forceps]], surgical [[catgut]], the [[windmill]], [[inoculation]], the [[fountain pen]], [[cryptanalysis]], [[Frequency analysis (cryptanalysis)|frequency analysis]], the three-course [[meal]], [[stained glass]] and [[Fused quartz|quartz glass]], [[Persian carpet]], the modern [[cheque]], the [[celestial globe]], [[explosive]] [[rocket]]s and [[incendiary device]]s, the [[torpedo]], and artificial [[pleasure gardens]] mereka sendiri merupakan orang yang memulakan bukan sahaja [[algebra]], [[kimia]] dan [[geologi]], tetapi juga banyak apa yang dipanggil perbaikan peradaban, seperti [[lampu jalan]], [[tingkap kaca]], [[bunga api]], [[alat muzik bertali]], [[penanaman]] [[buah]]-buahan, [[minyak wangi]], [[rempah-ratus]], dll..."<ref name=Garrison>[[Fielding H. Garrison]], ''An Introduction to the History of Medicine: with Medical Chronology, Suggestions for Study and Biblographic Data'', p. 86</ref>}}

Dalam [[sains gunaan]], sebilangan ketara ciptaan dan teknologi dihasilkan oleh saintis dan jurutera Muslim Zaman Pertengahan, seperti [[Abbas Ibn Firnas]], [[Taqi al-Din]], dan terutama sekali [[al-Jazari]], yang dianggap sebagai seorang perintis dalam kejuruteraan moden.<ref>[http://www.mtestudios.com/news_100_years.htm 1000 Years of Knowledge Rediscovered at Ibn Battuta Mall], MTE Studios.</ref> Sebahagian ciptaan itu dipercayai berasal dari dunia Islam Zaman Pertengahan termasuklah [[automaton]] [[boleh atur cara]],<ref>Teun Koetsier (2001), "On the prehistory of programmable machines: musical automata, looms, calculators", ''Mechanism and Machine theory'' '''36''': 590-591</ref> [[kopi]], [[sabun]], [[syampu]], [[penyulingan]] tulen, [[pencecairan]], [[penghabluran]], [[penulenan]], [[pengoksidaan]], [[penyejatan]], [[penurasan]], [[alkohol]] [[suling]], [[asid urik]], [[asid nitrik]], [[alembik]], [[aci engkol]], [[injap]], [[pam]] [[omboh]] [[sedut]] [[salingan]], [[jam mekanikal]] yang digerakkan [[jam air|air]] dan [[pemberat]], [[kunci gabungan]], [[gebaran]], [[gerbang]] runcing, [[skalpel]], [[gergaji]] tulang, [[forseps]], [[katgut]] pembedahan, [[kincir angin]], [[inokulasi]], [[pena]], [[pemecahan tulisan rahsia]], [[analisis kekerapan]], [[hidangan]] tiga peringkat, [[kaca berwarna]] dan [[kaca kuarza]], [[permaidani Parsi]], [[cek]] moden, [[glob cakerawala]], [[roket]] [[peledak]] dan [[bom pembakar]], [[torpedo]], dan [[taman ria]] buatan.<ref name=Vallely/>

=== Sains pertanian ===

[[Fail:al-jazari pump.png|thumb|[[Pam sedut]] [[enjin salingan]] ber[[omboh]] [[Al-Jazari]].]]

''Maklumat lanjut:[[Revolusi Pertanian Islam]]'' dan ''[[Geografi Islam]]''

(contracted; show full)
*[http://www.smi.uib.no/paj/Stenberg.html The Islamization of science or the marginalization of Islam]
*[http://www.muslimheritage.com/ Muslimheritage]
*[http://www.1001inventions.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=main.viewSection&intSectionID=309 1001inventions]
*[http://www.science-islam.net/sommaire.php3?lang=en Science and religion in Islam]
*Keith L. Moore, {{YouTube|id=Rb0uZefwQnc|title=The Developing Human}}

[[Kategori:Sains Islam]]
[[Kategori:Zaman Kegemilangan Islam]]