Difference between revisions 4055851 and 4055855 on mswiki

{{Redirect|Versailles|the city ofbandar Versailles|Versailles, Yvelines||Versailles (disambiguation)}}
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{{more footnotes|date=September 2016}}
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{{Infobox historic building
| name         = Palace ofIstana Versailles
| native_name         = Château de Versailles
| native_name_lang    = fr
| former_names        =
| alternate_names     =
| status              =
| image               = Vue aérienne du domaine de Versailles par ToucanWings - Creative Commons By Sa 3.0 - 073.jpg
| image_alt           =
| caption             =  Aerial view of the Palace {{Nowrap|from above the [[Gardens ofPemandangan udara Istana {{Nowrap|dari atas [[Taman Versailles]]}}
| map_type            = France Île-de-France#France
| map_alt             =
| map_caption         = Location withinkasi dalam [[Île-de-France (region)|Île-de-France]]
| embedded            = {{designation list | embed=yes
| designation1=WHS
| designation1_offname=Palace and Park ofIstana dan Taman Versailles
| designation1_date = 1979 <small>(3rd [[World Heritage Committee|session]])</small>
| designation1_type = Cultural
| designation1_criteria =  i, ii, vi
| designation1_number = [http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/83 83]
| designation1_free1name = State Party
| designation1_free1value = FPeranceis
| designation1_free2name = RegionDaerah
| designation1_free2value = [[List of World Heritage Sites inSenarai Tapak Warisan Dunia di Europeah|Europeah]]
}}
| altitude            =
| building_type       =
| architectural_style =
| structural_system   =
| cost                =
| client              =
| owner               =
| current_tenants     =
| landlord            =
| location            = [[Versailles (citybandar)|Versailles]], [[FPeranceis]]
| address             =
| coordinates         = {{coord|48.804404|2.123162|region:FR|display=inline,title}}
| groundbreaking_date =
| start_date          =
| completion_date     =
| completed_date      =
| opened_date         =
| height              =
| floor_count         =
| floor_area          =  67,000 m<sup>2</sup> (721,182 ft<sup>2</sup>)
| url                 = [http://www.chateauversailles.fr/homepage Official site of the Chateau de Versailles]
| references          =
| style               = [[French Baroque architecture]]
}}

The '''Palace of Versailles''', '''Château de Versailles''', or simply '''Versailles''' ({{IPAc-en|lang|v|ɛər|ˈ|s|aɪ}} {{respell|vair|SY|'}} or {{IPAc-en|v|ər|ˈ|s|aɪ}} {{respell|vər|SY|'}}; {{IPA-fr|vɛʁsaj|lang}}), is a royal [[château]] in [[Versailles (city)|Versailles]] in the [[Île-de-France (region)|Île-de-France]] region of France.

When the château was built, Versailles was a small village dating from the 11th century; today, however, it is a wealthy suburb of [[Paris]], some 20 kilometres (12 miles) southwest of the centre of the French capital (''point zero'' at square in front of [[Notre Dame de Paris|Notre Dame]]). Versailles was the seat of political power in the [[Kingdom of France]] from 1682, when [[Louis XIV of France|King Louis XIV]] moved the royal court from Paris, until the [[House of Bourbon|royal family]] was forced to return to the capital in October 1789, within three months after the beginning of the [[French Revolution]]. Versailles is therefore famous not only as a building, but as a symbol of the system of [[absolute monarchy]] of the [[Ancien Régime]].

==History==
[[File:Adam Frans van der Meulen - Construction of the Château de Versailles - WGA15115.jpg|thumb|The construction of the Palace of Versailles]]
{{Main|History of the Palace of Versailles}}

===Architectural history===
====17th century====
First built by [[Louis XIII]] in 1623, as a hunting lodge of brick and stone, the edifice was enlarged into a royal palace by [[Louis XIV of France|Louis XIV]]. The first phase of the expansion (c. 1661–1678) was designed and supervised by the architect [[Louis Le Vau]]. It culminated in the addition of three new wings of stone (the ''enveloppe''), which encompassed Louis XIII's original building on the north, south, and west (the garden side). After Le Vau's death in 1670, the work was taken over and completed by his assistant [[François d'Orbay]].<ref>Ayers 2004, pp. 334–336.</ref> [[Charles Le Brun]] designed and supervised the elaborate interior decoration, and [[André Le Nôtre]] landscaped the extensive [[Gardens of Versailles]]. Le Brun and Le Nôtre collaborated on the numerous fountains, and Le Brun supervised the design and installation of countless statues.<ref>Berger 1985a, pp. 17–19.</ref>

During the second phase of expansion of the mansion (c. 1678–1715), two enormous wings north and south of the wings flanking the Cour Royale (Royal Courtyard) were added by the architect [[Jules Hardouin-Mansart]]. He also replaced Le Vau's large terrace, facing the garden on the west, with what became the most famous room of the palace, the [[Hall of Mirrors]]. Mansart also built the Petites Écuries and Grandes Écuries (stables) across the Place d'Armes, on the eastern side of the château, and, in 1687, the [[Grand Trianon]], or Trianon de Marbre (Marble Trianon), replacing Le Vau's 1668 Trianon de Porcelaine in the northern section of the park. Work was sufficiently advanced by 1682, that Louis XIV was able to proclaim Versailles his principal residence and the seat of the government of the Kingdom of France and also to give rooms in the palace to almost all of his [[courtiers]]. After the death of his consort [[Maria Theresa of Spain]] in 1683, Louis XIV undertook the enlargement and remodeling of the royal apartments in the original part of the palace, the former hunting lodge built by his father. The [[Royal Chapel of Versailles]], located at the south end of the north wing, was begun by Mansart in 1688, and after his death in 1708 completed by his assistant [[Robert de Cotte]] iSenibina Baroque Perancis]]
}}

'''Istana Versailles''', '''Château de Versailles''', atau hanya '''Versailles''' ({{IPAc-en|lang|v|ɛər|ˈ|s|aɪ}} {{respell|vair|SY|'}} atau {{IPAc-en|v|ər|ˈ|s|aɪ}} {{respell|vər|SY|'}}; {{IPA-fr|vɛʁsaj|lang}}), adalah [[château]] diraja di [[Versailles (bandar)|Versailles]] di daerah [[Île-de-France (rantau)|Île-de-France]] di Perancis. 

Ketika château dibina, Versailles adalah sebuah kampung kecil yang berasal dari abad ke-11; Namun, hari ini, ia adalah pinggiran bandar Paris yang kaya, kira-kira 20 kilometer (12 batu) barat daya dari pusat ibu kota Perancis (''titik sifar'' di dataran di depan [[Notre Dame de Paris | Notre Dame]]). Versailles adalah tingkap kuasa politik di [[Kerajaan Perancis]] dari tahun 1682, ketika [[Louis XIV dari Perancis|Raja Louis XIV] memindahkan mahkamah kerajaan dari Paris, hingga [[House of Bourbon | ] Dipaksa kembali ke ibu negara pada Oktober 1789, dalam masa tiga bulan selepas permulaan [[Revolusi Perancis]]. Oleh itu, Versailles terkenal bukan sahaja sebagai sebuah bangunan, tetapi sebagai simbol sistem monarki mutlak dari [[Ancien Régime]].

==Sejarah==
[[File:Adam Frans van der Meulen - Construction of the Château de Versailles - WGA15115.jpg|thumb|Pembinaan Istana Versailles]]
{{Main|Sejarah Istana Versailles}}

===Sejarah senibina===
====Abad ke-17====
Pertama yang dibina oleh [[Louis XIII]] pada tahun 1623, sebagai sebuah rumah memburu batu bata dan batu, bangunan itu dibesarkan menjadi istana kerajaan oleh Louis XIV dari Perancis | Louis XIV]. Fasa pertama pengembangan (sekitar 1661-1678) telah direka dan diawasi oleh arkitek [[Louis Le Vau]]. Ia berpunca daripada penambahan tiga sayap baru ('' enveloppe ''), yang merangkumi bangunan asal Louis XIII di utara, selatan, dan barat (sebelah taman). Selepas kematian Le Vau pada tahun 1670, kerja itu diambil alih dan disempurnakan oleh pembantunya [[François d'Orbay]].<ref>Ayers 2004, pp. 334–336.</ref> [[Charles Le Brun]] merancang dan menyelia hiasan dalaman yang rumit, dan [[André Le Nôtre]] melayari [[Kebun Versailles]] yang luas. Le Brun dan Le Nôtre berkolaborasi di banyak air pancut, dan Le Brun menyelia reka bentuk dan pemasangan patung-patung yang tak terhitung jumlahnya.<ref>Berger 1985a, pp. 17–19.</ref>

Semasa fasa kedua pengembangan rumah (1678-1715), dua sayap besar utara dan selatan sayap mengepung Cour Royale (Royal Courtyard) telah ditambahkan oleh arkitek [[Jules Hardouin-Mansart]]. Dia juga menggantikan teras Le Vau yang besar, menghadap taman di barat, dengan apa yang menjadi ruang istana yang paling terkenal, [[Hall of Mirrors]]. Mansart juga membina Petites Ecuries dan Grandes Ecuries (kandang) di seberang Place d'Armes, di sebelah timur château, dan, pada tahun 1687, [[Grand Trianon]], atau Trianon de Marbre (Marble Trianon), menggantikan Le Vau's 1668 Trianon de Porcelaine di bahagian utara taman itu. Kerja cukup maju pada tahun 1682, yang Louis XIV dapat memproklamirkan Versailles kediaman utamanya dan kerusi pemerintahan Kerajaan Perancis dan juga memberi ruang di istana kepada hampir semua [[courtiers]] nya. Selepas kematian permaisuri [[Maria Theresa dari Sepanyol]] pada tahun 1683, Louis XIV melakukan pembesaran dan pembentukan semula pangsapuri diraja di bahagian asal istana, bekas perburuan memburu yang dibina oleh bapanya. [[Royal Chapel of Versailles]], terletak di hujung selatan sayap utara, dimulakan oleh Mansart pada tahun 1688, dan selepas kematiannya pada tahun 1708 diselesaikan oleh pembantunya [[Robert de Cotte]] pada tahun 1710.<ref>Ayers 2004, pp. 336–339; Maral 2010, pp. 215–229.</ref>

====Cost====
[[File:LouisXIV-Bernini.jpg|thumb|upright|left|''[[Bust of Louis XIV (Bernini)|Bust of Louis XIV]]'' by [[Bernini]] in the [[Diana Salon]] of the Palace of Versailles]]
(contracted; show full)[[Category:Reportedly haunted locations in France]]
[[Category:Royal residences in France|Versailles]]
[[Category:Seats of national legislatures]]
[[Category:World Heritage Sites in France]]
[[Category:Châteaux in Yvelines]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Yvelines]]
[[Category:Museums in Yvelines]]
[[Category:1684 establishments in France]]