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Pembunuhan beramai-ramai bawah rejim Komunis
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Pembunuhan beramai-ramai berlaku di bawah beberapa rejim Komunis pada abad kedua puluh dengan nombor angka kematian dianggarkan antara 85 dan 100 juta.<ref name="Courtois1999Introduction">[[#Courtois1999Introduction|Courtois (1999) "Pengenalan"]] ms. X: USSR: 20 juta kematian; China: 65 juta kematian; Vietnam: 1 juta kematian; Korea Utara: 2 juta kematian; Kemboja: 2 juta kemat(contracted; show full)an yang boleh membawa maut, kem penjara maut dan kerja paksa pembunuhan, pengusiran maut, kebuluran buatan manusia, hukuman luar undang-undang dan ujian menunjukkan penipuan, pembunuhan beramai-ramai secara terang-terangan dan pembunuhan beramai-ramai."<ref name = "Killing Machine">{{Cite web|last1=Rummel|first1=RJ|url=http://www.wnd.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=41944|title=The killing machine that is Marxism|publisher=[[WorldNetDaily]]|date=December 15, 2004|accessdate=May 19, 2010
|archive-date=2011-01-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110118012555/http://www.wnd.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=41944|url-status=dead}}</ref> Beliau menulis bahawa dalam amalan Marxsis melihat pembinaan utopia mereka sebagai "perang terhadap kemiskinan, eksploitasi, imperialisme dan ketidaksamaan - dan, seperti dalam perang sebenar, bukan askar akan malangnya terperangkap dalam pertempuran Tidak akan korban musuh yang diperlukan:. golongan ulama, borjuasi, kapitalis, 'Wreckers', intelektual, counterrevolutionaries, golongan kanan, zalim, yang kaya dan tuan-tuan tanah. seperti dalam peperangan, berjuta-juta akan mati,(contracted; show full)n]]. ''[[Mao: The Unknown Story]]'.' [[Jonathan Cape]], London, 2005. ISBN 0-224-07126-2. p. 3<br/> [[R. J. Rummel|Rummel, R. J.]] ''[http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/NOTE2.HTM China’s Bloody Century: Genocide and Mass Murder Since 1900]'' [[Transaction Publishers]], 1991. ISBN 0-88738-417-X. p. 205: Berdasarkan bukti baru-baru ini, Rummel telah meningkat tol [[democide]] Mao ke [http://hawaiireporter.com/story.aspx?1c1d76bb-290c-447b-82dd-e295ff0d3d59 77 juta]
 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090917001933/http://hawaiireporter.com/story.aspx?1c1d76bb-290c-447b-82dd-e295ff0d3d59 |date=2009-09-17 }}.</ref><ref name="Fenby">[[Jonathan Fenby|Fenby, Jonathan]].  ''Modern China: The Fall and Rise of a Great Power, 1850 to the Present.'' Ecco, 2008. ISBN 0-06-166116-3. ms. 351 "Tanggungjawab Mao untuk kepupusan mana-mana sahaja 40-70 juta nyawa jenama beliau sebagai pembunuh besar-besaran lebih besar daripada [[Adolf Hitler|Hitler]]. Atau Stalin, sikap acuh tak acuh kepada penderitaan dan kehilangan manusia yang menakjubkan"</ref> berdasarkan pengal(contracted; show full) deadly mass killings of human history."<ref>Dikötter, Frank. ''[[Mao's Great Famine: The History of China's Most Devastating Catastrophe, 1958-62]].'' Walker & Company, 2010.  pp. x, xi. ISBN 0-8027-7768-6.</ref> His research in local and provincial Chinese archives indicates the death toll was at least 45 million, and that "In most cases the party knew very well that it was starving its own people to death."<ref name="Dikotter">
[{{Cite web |url=http://web.mac.com/dikotter/Dikotter/Famine_2.html |title=Frank Dikötter, Mao’s Great Famine, Key Arguments] |access-date=2015-01-01 |archive-date=2011-08-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110809001243/http://web.mac.com/dikotter/Dikotter/Famine_2.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> In a secret meeting at [[Shanghai]] in 1959, Mao issued the order to procure one third of all grain from the countryside. He said: “When there is not enough to eat people starve to death. It is better to let half of the people die so that the other half can eat their fill.”<ref name="Dikotter"/> Dikötter estimates that at least 2.5 million people were summarily killed or tortured to death during this period.<ref>Issac Stone Fish. [http://www.newsweek.com/2010/09/26/mao-s-g(contracted; show full)

[[The Killing Fields]] adalah beberapa tapak di [[Kemboja]] di mana ramai orang telah dibunuh dan dikebumikan oleh rejim Khmer Rouge, semasa pemerintahannya negara 1975-1979, dengan serta-merta selepas akhir [[Perang Vietnam]]. Sekurang-kurangnya 200,000 orang telah disempurnakan oleh Khmer Rouge,<ref>Chandler, David. The Killing Fields. At The Digital Archive Of Cambodian Holocaust Survivors. [http://www.cybercambodia.com/dachs/killing/killingfields.html]
 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090220044952/http://cybercambodia.com/dachs/killing/killingfields.html |date=2009-02-20 }}</ref> manakala anggaran jumlah kematian akibat daripada dasar Khmer Rouge, termasuk penyakit dan kebuluran, pelbagai 1,4-2,2 juta daripada jumlah penduduk kira-kira 7 juta.<ref>Peace Pledge Union Information – Talking about genocides – Cambodia 1975 – [http://www.ppu.org.uk/genocide/g_cambodia1.html the genocide.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141030101115/http://www.ppu.org.uk/genocide/g_cambodia1.html |date=2014-10-30 }}</ref>

[[Demokratik Kampuchea]] (Kemboja di bawah pemerintahan Khmer Rouge) mengalami kesusahan yang serius kerana kesan perang dan terganggu aktiviti ekonomi. Menurut Michael Vickery, 740,800 orang di Kemboja dengan penduduk kira-kira 7 juta meninggal dunia akibat penyakit, terlalu banyak pekerjaan, dan penindasan politik.<ref name="Bruce Sharp"/> Anggaran lain menunjukkan kira-kira 1.7 juta dan ia digambarkan dengan [[Universiti Yale]] Program Genosid Kemboja sebagai "salah sat(contracted; show full)

===Kebuluran Soviet 1932-1933===
{{Main|Soviet famine of 1932–1933|Holodomor|Holodomor genocide question|Dekulakization}}
Within the Soviet Union, forced changes in agricultural policies ([[collectivization]]) and droughts caused the Soviet famine of 1932–1933.<ref name=marples2005>[http://www.uofaweb.ualberta.ca/historyandclassics/davidmarples.cfm Dr. David Marples]
, [http://www.expressnews.ualberta.ca/article.cfm?id=7176 The great famine debate goes on...] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090523073107/http://www.uofaweb.ualberta.ca/historyandclassics/davidmarples.cfm |date=2009-05-23 }}, [http://www.expressnews.ualberta.ca/article.cfm?id=7176 The great famine debate goes on...] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080615015541/http://www.expressnews.ualberta.ca/article.cfm?id=7176 |date=2008-06-15 }}, ''ExpressNews'' ([[University of Alberta]]), originally published in ''[[Edmonton Journal]]'', November 30, 2005 {{Dead link|date=October 2010}}</ref><ref name="KulchFeb2007">[[Stanislav Kulchytsky]], "Holodomor of 1932–1933 as genocide: the gaps in the proof", ''[[Den (newspaper)|Den]]'', February 17, 2007, [http://www.day.kiev.ua/177442/ in Russian], [http://www.day.kiev.ua/177403/ in Ukrainian]</ref><ref name=Tragediya>С. Уиткрофт ([[Stephen G. Wheatcroft]]), [http://lj.streamclub.ru/history/tragedy.html#add2 "О демографических свидетельствах трагедии советской деревни в 1931—1933 гг."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080320010655/http://lj.streamclub.ru/history/tragedy.html#add2 |date=2008-03-20 }} (On demographic evidence of the tragedy of the Soviet village in 1931–1933), "Трагедия советской деревни: Коллективизация и раскулачивание 1927–1939 гг.: Документы и материалы. Том 3. Конец 1930–1933 гг.", Российская политическая энциклопедия, 2001, ISBN 5-8243-0225-1, с. 885, Приложение № 2</ref><ref name=Kremlin>[https://web.archive.org/web/20030429084514/http://www.unimelb.edu.au/ExtRels/Media/UN/archive/1998/319/stalinismwasacollective.html 'Stalinism' was a collective responsibility – Kremlin papers], ''The News in Brief'', [[University of Melbourne]], June 19, 1998, Vol 7 No 22</ref> The famine was most severe in the [[Ukrainian SSR]], where it is often referenced as the [[Holodomor]]. A significant portion of the famine victims (3–3.5 million) were Ukrainians while the total numbe(contracted; show full);KulchFeb2007"/><ref name=finn>Peter Finn, [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/04/26/AR2008042602039.html?sub=new Aftermath of a Soviet Famine], ''[[The Washington Post]]'', April 27, 2008, "There are no exact figures on how many died. Modern historians place the number between 2.5 million and 3.5 million. Yushchenko and others have said at least 10 million were killed."</ref><ref name="Bilin99">{{Cite journal| author=
  Yaroslav Bilinsky| title= Was the Ukrainian Famine of 1932–1933 Genocide?| journal= Journal of Genocide Research  | year= 1999| volume= 1| issue= 2| pages= 147–156  | url=  http://www.faminegenocide.com/resources/bilinsky.html  | doi=  10.1080/14623529908413948  | access-date= 2015-01-01| archive-date= 2008-06-15| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080615023457/http://www.faminegenocide.com/resources/bilinsky.html| url-status= dead}}</ref><ref name=zn2006>[[Stanislav Kulchytsky]], "Holodomor-33: Why and how?", ''[[Zerkalo Nedeli]]'', November 25 – December 1, 2006, [http://www.zerkalo-nedeli.com/ie/show/624/55147/ in Russian], [http://www.zn.kiev.ua/ie/show/624/55147/ in Ukrainian]{{Pautan putus|date=Ogos 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}.</ref> Economist [[Michael Ellman]] argues that the actions of the Soviet regime from 1930–34 constitutes "a series of crimes against humanity."<ref name="Ellman"/> Benjamin Valentino notes that "there is strong evidence that Soviet authorities used hunger as a weapon to crush peasant resistance to collectivization" and that "deaths associated with these kinds of policies meet the criteria for mass killing."<ref>[[#Valentino2005FinalSolutions|Valent(contracted; show full)
In March 2005, the Polish [[Sejm]] unanimously requested Russia to classify the [[Katyn massacre]], the execution of over 21,000 Polish POW's and intellectual leaders by Stalin's [[NKVD]], as a crime of genocide.<ref name="polishembassy310305">Polish government statement: [http://www.polishembassy.ca/news_details.asp?nid=230 Senate pays tribute to Katyn victims – 3/31/2005]
 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050420045807/http://www.polishembassy.ca/news_details.asp?nid=230 |date=2005-04-20 }}</ref> Alexander Savenkov of the Prosecutor's General Office of the Russian Federation responded: "The version of genocide was examined, and it is my firm conviction that there is absolutely no basis to talk about this in judicial terms."<ref>[http://www.cracow-life.com/news/news/374-Russia_Says_Katyn_Executions_Not_Genocide Russia Says Katyn Executions Not Genocide]</ref> In March 2010, [[Memorial (society)|Memorial]] called upon Russian president [[Dmitry Medvedev]] to denounce the massacre as a crime against humanity.<ref>[{{Cite web |url=http://politicom.moldova.org/news/memorial-calls-on-medvedev-to-denounce-katyn-as-crime-against-humanity-206909-eng.html |title=Memorial calls on Medvedev to denounce Katyn as crime against humanity ] |access-date=2015-01-01 |archive-date=2011-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928052636/http://politicom.moldova.org/news/memorial-calls-on-medvedev-to-denounce-katyn-as-crime-against-humanity-206909-eng.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> On November 26, 2010, the Russian [[State Duma]] issued a declaration that archival material “not only unveils the scale of his horrific tragedy but also provides evidence that the Katyn crime was committed on direct orders from Stalin and other Soviet leaders."<ref>Ellen Barry. [http://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/27/world/europe/27briefs-katyn.html Russia: Stalin Called Responsible for Katyn Killings]. [[The New York Times]], November 26, 2010.</ref>

In August 2007, [[Arnold Meri]], an [[Estonia]]n [[Red Army]] veteran and cousin of former Estonian president [[Lennart Meri]], faced charges of genocide by Estonian authorities for participating in the [[Soviet deportations from Estonia|deportations of Estonians]] in [[Hiiumaa]] in 1949.<ref>[http://www.balticguide.ee/index.php/a641 Entisen presidentin serkkua syytetään neuvostoajan kyydityksistä] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060516180039/http://www.balticguide.ee/index.php/a641 |date=2006-05-16 }} – ''[[Baltic Guide]]''</ref><ref>[http://www.b92.net/eng/news/globe-article.php?yyyy=2007&mm=08&dd=23&nav_category=117&version=print Estonian charged with Communist genocide] ''[[International Herald Tribune]]'', August 23, 2007</ref> The trial was halted when Meri died March 27, 2009, at the age of 89. Meri denied the accusation, characterizing them as politically motivated defamation: "I do not consider myself guilty of genoci(contracted; show full)
*Lanning, Michael Lee, Cragg, Dan. Inside the VC and the NVA: the real story of North Vietnam's armed forces. 1st edition. Texas A & M University Press August 15, 2008. ISBN 978-1-60344-059-2.
*{{Cite web
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⏎
  | last =Sarup  | first =Kamala  | authorlink =⏎
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  | title =Communist Genocide In Cambodia  | work =⏎
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  | publisher =Genocide Watch⏎
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  | date =September 5, 2005⏎
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  | url =http://www.genocidewatch.org/images/Cambodia5Sep05CommunistGenocideInCambodia.pdf⏎
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  | format =  | doi =  | accessdate =September 30, 2009  | archive-date =2016-03-03  | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20160303190322/http://www.genocidewatch.org/images/Cambodia5Sep05CommunistGenocideInCambodia.pdf  | url-status =dead  }}
*{{Cite book
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  | year =2008  | page =106  | url =http://books.google.com/?id=xWKjSc0ql3cC&dq=Lenin+genocide  | doi =  | isbn =978-0-313-34642-2  | id =ISBN 0-313-34642-9 }}
*{{Cite journal  |last=Weiss-Wendt |first=Anton |authorlink= |date=December 2005 |title=Hostage of Politics Raphael Lemkin on "Soviet Genocide" |journal=Journal of Genocide Research |volume= |issue=7(4) |pages=551–559 |url=http://www.inogs.com/JGRFullText/WeissWendt.pdf |accessdate= |quote= }}

==Pautaun luar==
*[http://www.globalmuseumoncommunism.org/ The Global Museum on Communism]|archive-date=2007-06-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070610031348/http://www.inogs.com/JGRFullText/WeissWendt.pdf |url-status=dead }}

==Pautaun luar==
*[http://www.globalmuseumoncommunism.org/ The Global Museum on Communism] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101213221048/http://www.globalmuseumoncommunism.org/ |date=2010-12-13 }}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mass Killings Under Communist Regimes}}
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