Difference between revisions 4794934 and 4795125 on mswiki{{Proses/BukanTeamBiasa}} {{Otheruses}} [[Fail:2064 aryabhata-crp.jpg|thumb|300px|Arca Aryabhata di tapak [[Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics|IUCAA]], [[Pune]]. Dengan tiadanya maklumat diketahui mengenai rupawannya, apa-apa imej Aryabhata berasal dari konsepsi artis.]] (contracted; show full) :<math>1^2 + 2^2 + \cdots + n^2 = {n(n + 1)(2n + 1) \over 6}</math> and :<math>1^3 + 2^3 + \cdots + n^3 = (1 + 2 + \cdots + n)^2</math> == Astronomi == Aryabhata's system of astronomy was called the ''audAyaka system'', in which days are reckoned from ''uday'', dawn at ''lanka'' or "equator". Some of his later writings on astronomy, which apparently proposed a second model (or ''ardha-rAtrikA'', midnight) are lost but can be partly reconstructed from the discussion in [[Brahmagupta]]'s ''khanDakhAdyaka''. In some texts, he seems to ascribe the apparent motions of the heavens to the Earth's rotation. === Mosi sistem suria === Aryabhata appears to have believed that the earth rotates about its axis. This is indicated in the statement, referring to ''Lanka '', which describes the movement of the stars as a relative motion caused by the rotation of the earth: : "Like a man in a boat moving forward sees the stationary objects as moving backward, just so are the stationary stars seen by the people in Lanka (or on the equator) as moving exactly towards the west." [''achalAni bhAni samapashchimagAni'' – golapAda.9] But the next verse describes the motion of the stars and planets as real movements: "The cause of their rising and setting is due to the fact that the circle of the asterisms, together with the planets driven by the provector wind, constantly moves westwards at Lanka." As mentioned above, ''Lanka'' (lit. [[Sri Lanka]]) is here a reference point on the equator, which was the equivalent of the reference meridian for astronomical calculations. Aryabhata described a [[geocentric]] model of the solar system, in which the Sun and Moon are each carried by [[epicycle]]s. They in turn revolve around the Earth. In this model, which is also found in the ''Paitāmahasiddhānta'' (ca. CE 425), the motions of the planets are each governed by two epicycles, a smaller ''manda'' (slow) and a larger ''śīghra'' (fast)Sistem astronomi Aryabhata disebut '' sistem audAyaka '', di mana hari-hari diperhitungkan dari '' uday '', fajar di '' lanka '' atau "khatulistiwa". Beberapa tulisannya yang kemudian mengenai astronomi, yang nampaknya mengusulkan model kedua (atau '' ardha-rAtrikA '', tengah malam) hilang tetapi sebahagiannya dapat disusun kembali dari perbincangan dalam [khanDakhAdyaka '' [[Brahmagupta]]. Dalam beberapa teks, dia seolah-olah menganggap gerakan langit yang jelas pada putaran Bumi. === Mosi sistem suria === Aryabhata nampaknya percaya bahawa bumi berputar di sekitar paksinya. Ini ditunjukkan dalam pernyataan tersebut, merujuk pada ''Lanka'', yang menggambarkan pergerakan bintang-bintang sebagai gerakan relatif yang disebabkan oleh putaran bumi: : "Seperti seorang lelaki di dalam kapal yang bergerak ke depan melihat objek pegun bergerak ke belakang, begitu juga bintang pegun yang dilihat oleh orang-orang di Lanka (atau di khatulistiwa) bergerak tepat ke arah barat." [''achalAni bhAni samapashchimagAni'' – golapAda.9] Tetapi ayat berikutnya menggambarkan pergerakan bintang dan planet sebagai pergerakan sebenar: "Punca kenaikan dan penetapannya adalah disebabkan oleh lingkaran asterisme, bersama dengan planet yang digerakkan oleh angin penunjuk, terus bergerak ke arah barat pada Lanka." Seperti disebutkan di atas, ''Lanka'' (menyala [[Sri Lanka]]) di sini adalah titik rujukan di khatulistiwa, yang setara dengan meridian rujukan untuk pengiraan astronomi. Aryabhata menggambarkan model [[geosentrik]] sistem suria, di mana Matahari dan Bulan masing-masing dibawa oleh [[kitaran epik]]. Mereka seterusnya berpusing-pusing Bumi. Dalam model ini, yang juga terdapat dalam ''Paitāmahasiddhānta'' (ca. CE 425), gerakan planet masing-masing diatur oleh dua epikular, sebuah manda yang lebih kecil (lambat) dan ''śīghra'' (pantas) yang lebih besar. <ref> {{Harvard reference | last = Pingree | first = David | authorlink = David Pingree | contribution = Astronomy in India | editor-last = Walker (contracted; show full) [[Kategori:Kelahiran 476]] [[Kategori:Kematian 550]] [[Kategori:Ahli matematik abad ke-5]] [[Kategori:Ahli matematik abad ke-6]] [[Kategori:Ahli astronomi India]] [[Kategori:Ahli matematik India silam]] [[Kategori:Ahli astronomi zaman pertengahan]] All content in the above text box is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license Version 4 and was originally sourced from https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=prev&oldid=4795125.
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