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[[File:Irrotational vortex.gif|thumb|The self-gravitational involution of a mass can be visualized as a series of concentric shells. The higher a shell, the lower its rotational frequency. If we sufficiently extend the series of concentric shells, then the outermost shell's rotational frequency will be zero, so that the shell will have the lowest (''i.e.'', zero) actual energy (nonzero‑frequency [[angular momentum]]) and the highest (''i.e.'', zero) potential energy (zero‑frequency angular momentum).]]
The '''minimum total potential energy principle''', formulated in 1854 by [[w:William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin|William Thomson]],<ref>Smith, Crosbie; [[w:M. Norton Wise|Wise, M. Norton]]. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=2JYWeyAXpHUC&pg=PA533 Energy and Empire: A Biographical Study of Lord Kelvin] CUP, 1989, p.&nbsp;533. "Thomson had adopted in 1854 the view that "the potential energy of gravitation may be in reality the ultimate created antecedent of all the motion, heat, and light at present in the universe". In other words, it was "the original form of all the energy in the universe". [MPP. 2, 40; William Thomson and P.G. Tate, 'Energy', ''Good Words'', 3 (1862), 601–7, on p. 606] Such a speculation conformed to his theology of nature in which God had created energy ''ex nihilo'' in the beginning by His absolute power and had sustained its quantity by His ordained power."</ref> dictates that the universe begins its lifecycle as a low-temperature gas of loosely interconnected heat-rich particles pulled together by self-gravitation, which condenses their heat to ever higher temperatures and thus causes its radiational loss, so that the particles are forced to use their dwindling heat ever more [[wikiquote:Synergy|synergetically]] by undergoing a series of [[phase transition]]s towards a high-temperature crystal of densely interconnected heat-deficient particles:
<blockquote>
Although mechanical energy is indestructible, there is a universal tendency to its dissipation, which produces throughout the system a gradual augmentation and diffusion of heat, cessation of motion and exhaustion of the potential energy of the material Universe.
:—Thomson, William. [http://zapatopi.net/kelvin/papers/on_the_age_of_the_suns_heat.html On the Age of the Sun’s Heat] ''Macmillan's Magazine'', 5&nbsp;March 1862, pp. 388–93
</blockquote>⏎
The negative [[potential energy]] is centripetal [[Momentum|linear momentum]], which exerts a hierarchizing effect and thus is [[w:Synergy|synergetic]]. Conversely, the positive actual energy (''E'' = [[w:Planck constant|''h'']][[w:frequency|''f'']]) is centrifugal [[angular momentum]],<ref>Biedenharn, L. C.; Louck, J. D. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=8HWQwdXqcXAC&q=%22The+Planck+quantum+of+action,+h,+has+precisely+the+dimensions+o(contracted; show full)it+accelerates+itself+and+the+kinetic+energy+would+tend+to+minus+infinity%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwij59KogeTOAhXxa5oKHZceDzUQ6AEIFDAA ''Hadronic Journal Supplement'']. Vol. 14, Hadronic Press, 1999, p. 359. "Unfortunately a negative mass, with negative total energy, has a negative inertia so that it accelerates itself and the kinetic energy would tend to minus infinity."</ref> and, in accordance with relativity theory, exerts its attraction from the future.


The '''minimum total potential energy principle''', formulated in 1854 by [[w:William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin|William Thomson]],<ref>Smith, Crosbie; [[w:M. Norton Wise|Wise, M. Norton]]. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=2JYWeyAXpHUC&pg=PA533 Energy and Empire: A Biographical Study of Lord Kelvin] CUP, 1989, p.&nbsp;533. "Thomson had adopted in 1854 the view that "the potential energy of gravitation may be in reality the ultimate created antecedent of all the motion, heat, and light at present in the universe". In other words, it was "the original form of all the energy in the universe". [MPP. 2, 40; William Thomson and P.G. Tate, 'Energy', ''Good Words'', 3 (1862), 601–7, on p. 606] Such a speculation conformed to his theology of nature in which God had created energy ''ex nihilo'' in the beginning by His absolute power and had sustained its quantity by His ordained power."</ref><ref>Thomson, William. [http://zapatopi.net/kelvin/papers/on_the_age_of_the_suns_heat.html On the Age of the Sun’s Heat] ''Macmillan's Magazine'', 5&nbsp;March 1862, pp. 388–93. "Although mechanical energy is indestructible, there is a universal tendency to its dissipation, which produces throughout the system a gradual augmentation and diffusion of heat, cessation of motion and exhaustion of the potential energy of the material Universe."</ref> dictates that the universe's [[potential energy]] (zero&#8209;frequency angular momentum, which is neither centrifugal nor centripetal) undergoes linear acceleration towards its centre and thus becomes ever more negative (''i.e.'', centripetal), with the borrowed potential energy being converted into actual energy (nonzero&#8209;frequency angular momentum, which is centrifugal) and subsequently radiated away. Thus, the universe is a centripetal flux that is solving its angular momentum problem:
<blockquote>
Since a circular orbit has the lowest energy for a given angular momentum, the gas can only sink further into the gravitational potential and accrete onto the primary, if it can lose some angular momentum. Finding the process by which this is done in real systems is called the '''angular momentum problem'''. We have illustrated it here with the example of mass transfer in a(contracted; show full)—<span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikiquote.org/w/index.php?title=Terence_McKenna&oldid=2251202 Terence McKenna]]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Basic physics ideas]]
[[Category:Cosmology]]
[[Category:Energy]]