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[[File:Irrotational vortex.gif|thumb|The self-gravitational involution of a mass can be visualized as a series of concentric shells. The higher a shell, the lower its rotational frequency. If we sufficiently extend the series of concentric shells, then the outermost shell's rotational frequency will be zero, so that the shell will have the lowest (''i.e.'', zero) actual energy (nonzero&#8209;frequency [[angular momentum]]''E''&nbsp;=&nbsp;[[w:Planck constant|''h'']][[w:frequency|''f'']], which is nonzero&#8209;frequency [[angular momentum]]<ref>Biedenharn, L. C.; Louck, J. D. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=8HWQwdXqcXAC&q=%22The+Planck+quantum+of+action,+h,+has+precisely+the+dimensions+of+an+angular+momentum%22&dq=%22The+Planck+quantum+of+action,+h,+has+precisely+the+dimensions+of+an+angular+momentum%22&hl=en&ei=5gq1TZWtItL-4wa0r7DMDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1 Angular Momentum in Quantum Physics]. Addison-Wesley Pub. Co., Advanced Book Program, 1981. "The Planck quantum of action, ''h'', has precisely the dimensions of an angular momentum, and, moreover, the Bohr quantization hypothesis specified the unit of (orbital) angular momentum to be ''ħ&nbsp;=&nbsp;h/2π''. Angular momentum theory and quantum physics are thus clearly linked."</ref>) and the highest (''i.e.'', zero) potential energy (zero&#8209;frequency angular momentum).]]
The '''minimum total potential energy principle''', formulated in 1854 by [[w:William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin|William Thomson]], dictates that the continuum's potential (''i.e.'', zero&#8209;frequency) energy ([[rest mass]]<ref name="RestMass"/>) tends to become ever more negative by condensing into positive actual(contracted; show full)
<blockquote>
Although mechanical energy is indestructible, there is a universal tendency to its dissipation, which produces throughout the system a gradual augmentation and diffusion of heat, cessation of motion and exhaustion of the potential energy of the material Universe.
:—Thomson, William. [http://zapatopi.net/kelvin/papers/on_the_age_of_the_suns_heat.html On the Age of the Sun’s Heat] ''Macmillan's Magazine'', 5&nbsp;March 1862, pp. 388–93
</blockquote>

The negative [[potential energy]] is centripetal [[Momentum|linear momentum]], which exerts a hierarchizing effect and thus is [[wikiquote:Synergy|synergetic]]. Conversely, the positive actual energy (''E'' = [[w:Planck constant|''h'']][[w:frequency|''f'']]) is centrifugal [[angular momentum]],<ref>Biedenharn, L. C.; Louck, J. D. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=8HWQwdXqcXAC&q=%22The+Planck+quantum+of+action,+h,+has+precisely+the+dimensions+of+an+angular+momentum%22&dq=%22The+Planck+quantum+of+action,+h,+has+precisely+the+dimensions+of+an+angular+momentum%22&hl=en&ei=5gq1TZWtItL-4wa0r7DMDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1 Angular Momentum in Quantum Physics]. Addison-Wesley Pub. Co., Advanced Book Program, 1981. "The Planck quantum of action, ''h'', has precisely the dimensions of an angular momentum, and, moreover, the Bohr quantization hypothesis specified the unit of (orbital) angular momentum to be ''ħ&nbsp;=&nbsp;h/2π''. Angular momentum theory and quantum physics are thus clearly linked."</ref> which induces [[w:Quantum decoherence#Rotational decoherence|rotational decoherence]] and thus is antisynergetic:
<blockquote>
Gravity is the inwardly cohering force acting integratively on all systems. Radiation is the outwardly disintegrating force acting divisively upon all systems.
:—Fuller, Buckminster. [http://www.rwgrayprojects.com/synergetics/s00/p0000.html Synergetics] Macmillan, 1975, §000.113
</blockquote>
When a system self-gravitationally condenses to a more negative potential energy and a more positive actual energy, the two energies interact, so that the negative potential energy becomes less [[wikiquote:Synergy|synergetic]], while the positive actual energy becomes less antisynergetic. That is why in the condensed system, the effective centrifugal positive energy is twice as high as the effective centripetal negative energy (the [[w:Virial theorem|virial theorem]]). But this higher effective centrifugal positive energy cannot expand the system, because the very fact that the system is condensed implies that a half of the centrifugal positive energy has been radiated away:
<blockquote>
In equilibrium systems where magnetic pressure and external pressure can be ignored, the virial theoremA self-gravitationally condensed particle of [[rest mass]] cannot reabsorb the actual energy it has radiated into the ambient vacuum, because the radiated energy has become rarefied by the relative expansion of the ambient vacuum. At the same time, the self-gravitation of the condensed particle has become more intense due to the [[inverse-square law]], so that the retained half of the actual energy must have a higher temperature in order to withstand it. This higher temperature of the retained actual energy accelerates the radiational loss of the latter and thus accelerates the particle's further self&nbsp;gravitational condensation:
<blockquote>
In equilibrium systems where magnetic pressure and external pressure can be ignored, the [[w:Virial theorem|virial theorem]] states that the gravitational potential energy, ''E''<sub>G</sub>, is equal to negative twice the kinetic energy, ''E''<sub>K</sub> (Problem 2.5). The kinetic energy of a gas cloud is primarily thermal energy, unless the cloud is highly turbulent or rapidly rotating. When |''E''<sub>G</sub>| > 2''E''<sub>K</sub>, the cloud may collapse under its own self-gravity. ...<br>
(contracted; show full)—<span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikiquote.org/w/index.php?title=Terence_McKenna&oldid=2251202 Terence McKenna]]]

==References==
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[[Category:Basic physics ideas]]
[[Category:Cosmology]]
[[Category:Energy]]