Difference between revisions 5685671 and 5685677 on simplewiki

[[File:Irrotational vortex.gif|thumb|The self-gravitational involution of a mass can be visualized as a series of concentric shells. The higher a shell, the lower its rotational frequency. If we sufficiently extend the series of concentric shells, then the outermost shell's rotational frequency will be zero, so that the shell will have the lowest (''i.e.'', zero) actual energy (''E'' = [[w:Planck constant|''h'']][[w:frequency(contracted; show full)
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Although mechanical energy is indestructible, there is a universal tendency to its dissipation, which produces throughout the system a gradual augmentation and diffusion of heat, cessation of motion and exhaustion of the potential energy of the material Universe.
:—Thomson, William. [http://zapatopi.net/kelvin/papers/on_the_age_of_the_suns_heat.html On the Age of the Sun’s Heat] ''Macmillan's Magazine'', 5&nbsp;March 1862, pp. 388–93
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AThe self-gravitationally of a condenseding particle of [[rest mass]] cannot reabsorb the actual energy it has radiated into the ambient vacuum, because the radiated energy has become rarefied by the relative expansion of the ambient vacuum. At the same time, the self-gravitation of the condensed particle has become more intense due to the [[inverse-square law]], so that the retained half of the actual energy must have a higher temperature in order to withstand it. This higher temperature of the retained actual energy accelerates the radiational loss of the latter and thus accelerates the particle's further self&nbsp;gravitational condensation:
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In equilibrium systems where magnetic pressure and external pressure can be ignored, the [[w:Virial theorem|virial theorem]] states that the gravitational potential energy, ''E''<sub>G</sub>, is equal to negative twice the kinetic energy, ''E''<sub>K</sub> (Problem 2.5). The kinetic energy of a gas cloud is primarily thermal energy, unless the cloud is highly turbulent or rapidly rotating. When |''E''<sub>G</sub>| > 2''E''<sub>K</sub>, the cloud may collapse under its own self-gravity. ...<br>
Collapse converts gravitational potential energy into kinetic energy of the collapsing material. If this energy is retained, either in ordered motion or random thermal motions, virial equilibrium may be achieved and the collapse ceases. However, if this energy is lost, for example via radiation, then the cloud becomes even more unstable. Once a gravitational collapse begins, densities increase, causing collapse to proceed faster.
:—Pater, Imke de; Lissauer, Jack J. [https://books.google.com/books?id=a_ijoTgDhnEC&pg=PA518 Planetary Sciences] CUP, 2010, p. 518
</blockquote>becomes more intense due to the [[inverse-square law]], so that the retained half of the actual energy must have a higher temperature in order to withstand it. At the same time, the relative expansion of the ambient vacuum makes the already radiated actual energy colder, so that the hotter particle cannot reabsorb the colder radiated actual energy from the ambient vacuum. This makes the radiational loss of energy irreversible. Morever, the higher temperature of the retained actual energy accelerates the radiational loss of the latter and thus accelerates the particle's further self&nbsp;gravitational condensation.⏎

All potential energy is gravitational; other types of potential energy are temporary masks of gravity.<ref>[[w:Frank Shu|Shu, Frank H.]] [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=v_6PbAfapSAC&pg=PA157 The Physical Universe: An Introduction to Astronomy]. University Science Books, 1982, p. 157. "'''Concluding Philosophical Comment.'''<br>Zeldovich and Novikov have made the following intriguing philosophical point about the picture of the formation of a neutron s(contracted; show full)—<span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikiquote.org/w/index.php?title=Terence_McKenna&oldid=2251202 Terence McKenna]]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Basic physics ideas]]
[[Category:Cosmology]]
[[Category:Energy]]