Difference between revisions 6283231 and 6283460 on srwikixxxx'''Mercury'''{{subst:Autobot/sandbox4 | ime = Mercury Bulk parameters Mercury Earth Ratio (Mercury/Earth) | Mass (1024 kg) = 0.3302 | Volume (1010 km3) = 6.083 | Equatorial radius (km) = 2439.7 | Polar radius (km) = 2439.7 | Volumetric mean radius (km) = 2439.7 | Ellipticity (Flattening) = 0.0000 | Mean density (kg/m3) = 5427 | Surface gravity (eq.) (m/s2) = 3.70 | Surface acceleration (eq.) (m/s2) = 3.70 | Escape velocity (km/s) = 4.3 | GM (x 106 km3/s2) = 0.02203 | Bond albedo = 0.068 | Visual geometric albedo = 0.142 | Visual magnitude V(1,0) = -0.42 -3.86 - | Solar irradiance (W/m2) = 9126.6 | Black-body temperature (K) = 440.1 | Moment of inertia (I/MR2) = 0.33 | J2 (x 10-6) = 60. Number of natural satellites 0 1 Planetary ring system No No Orbital parameters Mercury Earth Ratio (Mercury/Earth) | Semimajor axis (106 km) = 57.91 | Sidereal orbit period (days) = 87.969 | Tropical orbit period (days) = 87.968 | Perihelion (106 km) = 46.00 | Aphelion (106 km) = 69.82 Synodic period (days) 115.88 - - | Mean orbital velocity (km/s) = 47.87 | Max. orbital velocity (km/s) = 58.98 | Min. orbital velocity (km/s) = 38.86 | Orbit inclination (deg) = 7.00 0.00 - | Orbit eccentricity = 0.2056 | Sidereal rotation period (hrs) = 1407.6 | Length of day (hrs) = 4222.6 | Obliquity to orbit (deg) = ~0 Mercury Observational Parameters Discoverer: Unknown Discovery Date: Prehistoric Distance from Earth Minimum (106 km) 77.3 Maximum (106 km) 221.9 Apparent diameter from Earth Maximum (seconds of arc) 13. Minimum (seconds of arc) 4.5 Maximum visual magnitude -1.9 Mean values at inferior conjunction with Earth Distance from Earth (106 km) 91.70 Apparent diameter (seconds of arc) 11.0 Mercury Mean Orbital Elements (J2000) Semimajor axis (AU) 0.38709893 Orbital eccentricity 0.20563069 Orbital inclination (deg) 7.00487 Longitude of ascending node (deg) 48.33167 Longitude of perihelion (deg) 77.45645 Mean Longitude (deg) 252.25084 North Pole of Rotation Right Ascension: 281.01 - 0.003T Declination : 61.45 - 0.005T Reference Date : 12:00 UT 1 Jan 2000 (JD 2451545.0) T = Julian centuries from reference date xxxx'''Venus'''{{subst:Autobot/sandbox4 | ime = Venus Bulk parameters Venus Earth Ratio (Venus/Earth) | Mass (1024 kg) = 4.8685 | Volume (1010 km3) = 92.843 | Equatorial radius (km) = 6051.8 | Polar radius (km) = 6051.8 | Volumetric mean radius (km) = 6051.8 | Ellipticity (Flattening) = 0.000 | Mean density (kg/m3) = 5243 | Surface gravity (eq.) (m/s2) = 8.87 | Surface acceleration (eq.) (m/s2) = 8.87 | Escape velocity (km/s) = 10.36 | GM (x 106 km3/s2) = 0.3249 | Bond albedo = 0.90 | Visual geometric albedo = 0.67 | Visual magnitude V(1,0) = -4.40 -3.86 - | Solar irradiance (W/m2) = 2613.9 | Black-body temperature (K) = 184.2 | Topographic range (km) = 15 | Moment of inertia (I/MR2) = 0.33 | J2 (x 10-6) = 4.458 Number of natural satellites 0 1 Planetary ring system No No Orbital parameters Venus Earth Ratio (Venus/Earth) | Semimajor axis (106 km) = 108.21 | Sidereal orbit period (days) = 224.701 | Tropical orbit period (days) = 224.695 | Perihelion (106 km) = 107.48 | Aphelion (106 km) = 108.94 Synodic period (days) 583.92 - - | Mean orbital velocity (km/s) = 35.02 | Max. orbital velocity (km/s) = 35.26 | Min. orbital velocity (km/s) = 34.79 | Orbit inclination (deg) = 3.39 0.00 - | Orbit eccentricity = 0.0067 | Sidereal rotation period (hrs) = -5832.5 | Length of day (hrs) = 2802.0 | Obliquity to orbit (deg) = 177.36 Venus Observational Parameters Discoverer: Unknown Discovery Date: Prehistoric Distance from Earth Minimum (106 km) 38.2 Maximum (106 km) 261.0 Apparent diameter from Earth Maximum (seconds of arc) 66.0 Minimum (seconds of arc) 9.7 Maximum visual magnitude -4.6 Mean values at inferior conjunction with Earth Distance from Earth (106 km) 41.44 Apparent diameter (seconds of arc) 60.2 Venus Mean Orbital Elements (J2000) Semimajor axis (AU) 0.72333199 Orbital eccentricity 0.00677323 Orbital inclination (deg) 3.39471 Longitude of ascending node (deg) 76.68069 Longitude of perihelion (deg) 131.53298 Mean Longitude (deg) 181.97973 North Pole of Rotation Right Ascension: 272.76 Declination : 67.16 Reference Date : 12:00 UT 1 Jan 2000 (JD 2451545.0) xxxx'''Moon'''{{subst:Autobot/sandbox4 | ime = Moon Bulk parameters Moon Earth Ratio (Moon/Earth) | Mass (1024 kg) = 0.07349 | Volume (1010 km3) = 2.1958 | Equatorial radius (km) = 1738.1 | Polar radius (km) = 1736.0 | Volumetric mean radius (km) = 1737.1 | Ellipticity (Flattening) = 0.0012 | Mean density (kg/m3) = 3350 | Surface gravity (m/s2) = 1.62 | Surface acceleration (m/s2) = 1.62 | Escape velocity (km/s) = 2.38 | GM (x 106 km3/s2) = 0.0049 | Bond albedo = 0.11 | Visual geometric albedo = 0.12 | Visual magnitude V(1,0) = +0.21 -3.86 - | Solar irradiance (W/m2) = 1367.6 | Black-body temperature (K) = 270.7 | Topographic range (km) = 16 | Moment of inertia (I/MR2) = 0.394 | J2 (x 10-6) = 202.7 Orbital parameters (for orbit about the Earth) Moon Semimajor axis (106 km) 0.3844 Perigee (106 km)* 0.3633 Apogee (106 km)* 0.4055 Revolution period (days) 27.3217 Synodic period (days) 29.53 Mean orbital velocity (km/s) 1.023 Max. orbital velocity (km/s) 1.076 Min. orbital velocity (km/s) 0.964 Inclination to ecliptic (deg) 5.145 Inclination to equator (deg) 18.28 - 28.58 Orbit eccentricity 0.0549 Sidereal rotation period (hrs) 655.728 Obliquity to orbit (deg) 6.68 Recession rate from Earth (cm/yr) 3.8 Mean values at opposition from Earth Distance from Earth (equator, km) 378,000 Apparent diameter (seconds of arc) 1896 Apparent visual magnitude -12.74 xxxx'''Mars'''{{subst:Autobot/sandbox4 | ime = Mars Bulk parameters Mars Earth Ratio (Mars/Earth) | Mass (1024 kg) = 0.64185 | Volume (1010 km3) = 16.318 | Equatorial radius (km) = 3396.2 | Polar radius (km) = 3376.2 | Volumetric mean radius (km) = 3389.5 | Core radius (km) = 1700 | Ellipticity (Flattening) = 0.00589 | Mean density (kg/m3) = 3933 | Surface gravity (m/s2) = 3.71 | Surface acceleration (m/s2) = 3.69 | Escape velocity (km/s) = 5.03 | GM (x 106 km3/s2) = 0.04283 | Bond albedo = 0.250 | Visual geometric albedo = 0.170 | Visual magnitude V(1,0) = -1.52 -3.86 - | Solar irradiance (W/m2) = 589.2 | Black-body temperature (K) = 210.1 | Topographic range (km) = 30 | Moment of inertia (I/MR2) = 0.366 | J2 (x 10-6) = 1960.45 Number of natural satellites 2 1 Planetary ring system No No Orbital parameters Mars Earth Ratio (Mars/Earth) | Semimajor axis (106 km) = 227.92 | Sidereal orbit period (days) = 686.980 | Tropical orbit period (days) = 686.973 | Perihelion (106 km) = 206.62 | Aphelion (106 km) = 249.23 Synodic period (days) 779.94 - - | Mean orbital velocity (km/s) = 24.13 | Max. orbital velocity (km/s) = 26.50 | Min. orbital velocity (km/s) = 21.97 | Orbit inclination (deg) = 1.850 0.000 - | Orbit eccentricity = 0.0935 | Sidereal rotation period (hrs) = 24.6229 | Length of day (hrs) = 24.6597 | Obliquity to orbit (deg) = 25.19 Mars Observational Parameters Discoverer: Unknown Discovery Date: Prehistoric Distance from Earth Minimum (106 km) 55.7 Maximum (106 km) 401.3 Apparent diameter from Earth Maximum (seconds of arc) 25.1 Minimum (seconds of arc) 3.5 Mean values at opposition from Earth Distance from Earth (106 km) 78.39 Apparent diameter (seconds of arc) 17.9 Apparent visual magnitude -2.0 Maximum apparent visual magnitude -2.91 Mars Mean Orbital Elements (J2000) Semimajor axis (AU) 1.52366231 Orbital eccentricity 0.09341233 Orbital inclination (deg) 1.85061 Longitude of ascending node (deg) 49.57854 Longitude of perihelion (deg) 336.04084 Mean Longitude (deg) 355.45332 North Pole of Rotation Right Ascension: 317.681 - 0.106T Declination : 52.887 - 0.061T Reference Date : 12:00 UT 1 Jan 2000 (JD 2451545.0) xxxx'''Jupiter'''{{subst:Autobot/sandbox4 | ime = Jupiter Bulk parameters Jupiter Earth Ratio (Jupiter/Earth) | Mass (1024 kg) = 1,898.6 | Volume (1010 km3) = 143,128 Radius (1 bar level) (km) | = Equatorial 71,492 | = Polar 66,854 | Volumetric mean radius (km) = 69,911 | Ellipticity = 0.06487 | Mean density (kg/m3) = 1,326 | Gravity (eq., 1 bar) (m/s2) = 24.79 | Acceleration (eq., 1 bar) (m/s2) = 23.12 | Escape velocity (km/s) = 59.5 | GM (x 106 km3/s2) = 126.686 | Bond albedo = 0.343 | Visual geometric albedo = 0.52 | Visual magnitude V(1,0) = -9.40 -3.86 - | Solar irradiance (W/m2) = 50.50 | Black-body temperature (K) = 110.0 | Moment of inertia (I/MR2) = 0.254 | J2 (x 10-6) = 14,736 Number of natural satellites 67 1 Planetary ring system Yes No Orbital parameters Jupiter Earth Ratio (Jupiter/Earth) | Semimajor axis (106 km) = 778.57 | Sidereal orbit period (days) = 4,332.589 | Tropical orbit period (days) = 4,330.595 | Perihelion (106 km) = 740.52 | Aphelion (106 km) = 816.62 Synodic period (days) 398.88 - - | Mean orbital velocity (km/s) = 13.07 | Max. orbital velocity (km/s) = 13.72 | Min. orbital velocity (km/s) = 12.44 | Orbit inclination (deg) = 1.304 0.000 - | Orbit eccentricity = 0.0489 | Sidereal rotation period (hours) = 9.9250* | Length of day (hrs) = 9.9259 | Obliquity to orbit (deg) = 3.13 * System III (1965.0) coordinates Jupiter Observational Parameters Discoverer: Unknown Discovery Date: Prehistoric Distance from Earth Minimum (106 km) 588.5 Maximum (106 km) 968.1 Apparent diameter from Earth Maximum (seconds of arc) 50.1 Minimum (seconds of arc) 29.8 Mean values at opposition from Earth Distance from Earth (106 km) 628.76 Apparent diameter (seconds of arc) 46.9 Apparent visual magnitude -2.7 Maximum apparent visual magnitude -2.94 Jupiter Mean Orbital Elements (J2000) Semimajor axis (AU) 5.20336301 Orbital eccentricity 0.04839266 Orbital inclination (deg) 1.30530 Longitude of ascending node (deg) 100.55615 Longitude of perihelion (deg) 14.75385 Mean Longitude (deg) 34.40438 North Pole of Rotation Right Ascension: 268.05 - 0.009T Declination : 64.49 + 0.003T Reference Date : 12:00 UT 1 Jan 2000 (JD 2451545.0) xxxx'''Saturn'''{{subst:Autobot/sandbox4 | ime = Saturn Bulk parameters Saturn Earth Ratio (Saturn/Earth) | Mass (1024 kg) = 568.46 | Volume (1010 km3) = 82,713 Radius (1 bar level) (km) | = Equatorial 60,268 | = Polar 54,364 | Volumetric mean radius (km) = 58,232 | Ellipticity (Flattening) = 0.09796 | Mean density (kg/m3) = 687 | Gravity (eq., 1 bar) (m/s2) = 10.44 | Acceleration (eq., 1 bar) (m/s2) = 8.96 | Escape velocity (km/s) = 35.5 | GM (x 106 km3/s2) = 37.931 | Bond albedo = 0.342 | Visual geometric albedo = 0.47 | Visual magnitude V(1,0) = -8.88 -3.86 - | Solar irradiance (W/m2) = 14.90 | Black-body temperature (K) = 81.1 | Moment of inertia (I/MR2) = 0.210 | J2 (x 10-6) = 16,298. Number of natural satellites 62 1 Planetary ring system Yes No Orbital parameters Saturn Earth Ratio (Saturn/Earth) | Semimajor axis (106 km) = 1,433.53 | Sidereal orbit period (days) = 10,759.22 | Tropical orbit period (days) = 10,746.94 | Perihelion (106 km) = 1,352.55 | Aphelion (106 km) = 1,514.50 Synodic period (days) 378.09 - - | Mean orbital velocity (km/s) = 9.69 | Max. orbital velocity (km/s) = 10.18 | Min. orbital velocity (km/s) = 9.09 | Orbit inclination (deg) = 2.485 0.000 - | Orbit eccentricity = 0.0565 | Sidereal rotation period (hours) = 10.656* | Length of day (hrs) = 10.656 | Obliquity to orbit (deg) = 26.73 * Saturnian System III coordinates Saturn Observational Parameters Discoverer: Unknown Discovery Date: Prehistoric Distance from Earth Minimum (106 km) 1195.5 Maximum (106 km) 1658.5 Apparent diameter from Earth Maximum (seconds of arc) 20.1 Minimum (seconds of arc) 14.5 Mean values at opposition from Earth Distance from Earth (106 km) 1277.42 Apparent diameter (seconds of arc) 19.5 Apparent visual magnitude 0.7 Maximum apparent visual magnitude 0.43 Saturn Mean Orbital Elements (J2000) Semimajor axis (AU) 9.53707032 Orbital eccentricity 0.05415060 Orbital inclination (deg) 2.48446 Longitude of ascending node (deg) 113.71504 Longitude of perihelion (deg) 92.43194 Mean Longitude (deg) 49.94432 North Pole of Rotation Right Ascension: 40.5954 - 0.0577T Declination : 83.5380 - 0.0066T Reference Date : 12:00 UT 1 Jan 2000 (JD 2451545.0) xxxx'''Uranus'''{{subst:Autobot/sandbox4 | ime = Uranus Bulk parameters Uranus Earth Ratio (Uranus/Earth) | Mass (1024 kg) = 86.832 | Volume (1010 km3) = 6,833 Radius (1 bar level) (km) | = Equatorial 25,559 | = Polar 24,973 | Volumetric mean radius (km) = 25,362 | Ellipticity (Flattening) = 0.02293 | Mean density (kg/m3) = 1,270 | Gravity (eq., 1 bar) (m/s2) = 8.87 | Acceleration (eq., 1 bar) (m/s2) = 8.69 | Escape velocity (km/s) = 21.3 | GM (x 106 km3/s2) = 5.794 | Bond albedo = 0.300 | Visual geometric albedo = 0.51 | Visual magnitude V(1,0) = -7.19 -3.86 - | Solar irradiance (W/m2) = 3.71 | Black-body temperature (K) = 58.2 | Moment of inertia (I/MR2) = 0.225 | J2 (x 10-6) = 3343.43 Number of natural satellites 27 1 Planetary ring system Yes No Orbital parameters Uranus Earth Ratio (Uranus/Earth) | Semimajor axis (106 km) = 2,872.46 | Sidereal orbit period (days) = 30,685.4 | Tropical orbit period (days) = 30,588.740 | Perihelion (106 km) = 2,741.30 | Aphelion (106 km) = 3,003.62 Synodic period (days) 369.66 - - | Mean orbital velocity (km/s) = 6.81 | Max. orbital velocity (km/s) = 7.11 | Min. orbital velocity (km/s) = 6.49 | Orbit inclination (deg) = 0.772 0.000 - | Orbit eccentricity = 0.0457 | Sidereal rotation period (hours) = -17.24* | Length of day (hrs) = 17.24 | Obliquity to orbit (deg) = 97.77 * Magnetic coordinates (as determined by the Voyager 2 Radio Science experiment) Uranus Observational Parameters Discoverer: William Herschel Discovery Date: 13 March 1781 Distance from Earth Minimum (106 km) 2581.9 Maximum (106 km) 3157.3 Apparent diameter from Earth Maximum (seconds of arc) 4.1 Minimum (seconds of arc) 3.3 Mean values at opposition from Earth Distance from Earth (106 km) 2719.99 Apparent diameter (seconds of arc) 3.9 Apparent visual magnitude 5.5 Maximum apparent visual magnitude 5.32 Uranus Mean Orbital Elements (J2000) Semimajor axis (AU) 19.19126393 Orbital eccentricity 0.04716771 Orbital inclination (deg) 0.76986 Longitude of ascending node (deg) 74.22988 Longitude of perihelion (deg) 170.96424 Mean Longitude (deg) 313.23218 North Pole of Rotation Right Ascension: 257.43 Declination : -15.10 Reference Date : 12:00 UT 1 Jan 2000 (JD 2451545.0) xxxx'''Neptune'''{{subst:Autobot/sandbox4 | ime = Neptune Bulk parameters Neptune Earth Ratio (Neptune/Earth) | Mass (1024 kg) = 102.43 | Volume (1010 km3) = 6,254 Radius (1 bar level) (km) | = Equatorial 24,764 | = Polar 24,341 | Volumetric mean radius (km) = 24,622 | Ellipticity (Flattening) = 0.01708 | Mean density (kg/m3) = 1,638 | Gravity (eq., 1 bar) (m/s2) = 11.15 | Acceleration (eq., 1 bar) (m/s2) = 11.00 | Escape velocity (km/s) = 23.5 | GM (x 106 km3/s2) = 6.8351 | Bond albedo = 0.290 | Visual geometric albedo = 0.41 | Visual magnitude V(1,0) = -6.87 -3.86 - | Solar irradiance (W/m2) = 1.51 | Black-body temperature (K) = 46.6 | J2 (x 10-6) = 3411. Number of natural satellites 13 1 Planetary ring system Yes No Orbital parameters Neptune Earth Ratio (Neptune/Earth) | Semimajor axis (106 km) = 4,495.06 | Sidereal orbit period (days) = 60,189. | Tropical orbit period (days) = 59,799.9 | Perihelion (106 km) = 4,444.45 | Aphelion (106 km) = 4,545.67 Synodic period (days) 367.49 - - | Mean orbital velocity (km/s) = 5.43 | Max. orbital velocity (km/s) = 5.50 | Min. orbital velocity (km/s) = 5.37 | Orbit inclination (deg) = 1.769 0.000 - | Orbit eccentricity = 0.0113 | Sidereal rotation period (hours) = 16.11* | Length of day (hrs) = 16.11 | Obliquity to orbit (deg) = 28.32 * Magnetic coordinates (as determined by the Voyager 2 Radio Science experiment) Neptune Observational Parameters Discoverer: Johann Gottfried Galle (based on predictions by John Couch Adams and Urbain Leverrier) Discovery Date: 23 September 1846 Distance from Earth Minimum (106 km) 4305.9 Maximum (106 km) 4687.3 Apparent diameter from Earth Maximum (seconds of arc) 2.4 Minimum (seconds of arc) 2.2 Mean values at opposition from Earth Distance from Earth (106 km) 4347.31 Apparent diameter (seconds of arc) 2.3 Apparent visual magnitude 7.8 Maximum apparent visual magnitude 7.78 Neptune Mean Orbital Elements (J2000) Semimajor axis (AU) 30.06896348 Orbital eccentricity 0.00858587 Orbital inclination (deg) 1.76917 Longitude of ascending node (deg) 131.72169 Longitude of perihelion (deg) 44.97135 Mean Longitude (deg) 304.88003 North Pole of Rotation Right Ascension: 299.36 + 0.70 sin N Declination : 43.46 - 0.51 cos N Reference Date : 12:00 UT 1 Jan 2000 (JD 2451545.0) N = 359.28 + 549.308T degrees xxxx'''Pluto'''{{subst:Autobot/sandbox4 | ime = Pluto Bulk parameters Pluto Earth Ratio (Pluto/Earth) | Mass (1024 kg) = 0.0125 | Volume (1010 km3) = 0.715 | Equatorial radius (km) = 1195 | Polar radius (km) = 1195 | Volumetric mean radius (km) = 1195 | Ellipticity (Flattening) = 0.0000 | Mean density (kg/m3) = 1750 | Surface gravity (m/s2) = 0.58 | Surface acceleration (m/s2) = 0.58 | Escape velocity (km/s) = 1.2 | GM (x 106 km3/s2) = 0.00083 | Bond albedo = 0.4 - 0.6 | Visual geometric albedo = 0.5 - 0.7 | Visual magnitude V(1,0) = -1.0 -3.86 - | Solar irradiance (W/m2) = 0.89 | Black-body temperature (K) = 37.5 Number of natural satellites 5 1 Planetary ring system No No Orbital parameters Pluto Earth Ratio (Pluto/Earth) | Semimajor axis (106 km) = 5906.38 | Sidereal orbit period (days) = 90,465 | Tropical orbit period (days) = 90,588 | Perihelion (106 km) = 4436.82 | Aphelion (106 km) = 7375.93 Synodic period (days) 366.73 - - | Mean orbital velocity (km/s) = 4.72 | Max. orbital velocity (km/s) = 6.10 | Min. orbital velocity (km/s) = 3.71 | Orbit inclination (deg) = 17.16 0.000 - | Orbit eccentricity = 0.2488 | Sidereal rotation period (hrs) = -153.2928 | Length of day (hrs) = 153.2820 | Obliquity to orbit (deg) = 122.53 Pluto Observational Parameters Discoverer: Clyde Tombaugh Discovery Date: 18 February 1930 Distance from Earth Minimum (106 km) 4284.7 Maximum (106 km) 7528.0 Apparent diameter from Earth Maximum (seconds of arc) 0.11 Minimum (seconds of arc) 0.06 Mean values at opposition from Earth Distance from Earth (106 km) 5750.54 Apparent diameter (seconds of arc) 0.08 Apparent visual magnitude 15.1 Maximum apparent visual magnitude 13.65 Pluto Mean Orbital Elements (J2000) Semimajor axis (AU) 39.48168677 Orbital eccentricity 0.24880766 Orbital inclination (deg) 17.14175 Longitude of ascending node (deg) 110.30347 Longitude of perihelion (deg) 224.06676 Mean longitude (deg) 238.92881 On 11 February 1999 at 11:22 UT (6:22 a.m. EST), Pluto passed Neptune as the furthest planet from the Sun once again and will remain so until 5 April 2231. North Pole of Rotation Right Ascension: 313.02 Declination : 9.09 Reference Date : 12:00 UT 1 Jan 2000 (JD 2451545.0) All content in the above text box is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license Version 4 and was originally sourced from https://sr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=prev&oldid=6283460.
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