Difference between revisions 1353265 and 1353266 on tewiki

{{యాంత్రిక అనువాదం}}
{{దక్షిణ ఆసియా చరిత్ర‎}}
{{Infobox Former Country
|native_name      = मराठा साम्राज्य<br />''Maratha Samrajya''
|conventional_long_name = మరాఠా సమాఖ్య
|common_name      = మరాఠా సామ్రాజ్యం
|continent       = ఆసియా
|region         = దక్షిణ ఆసియా
(contracted; show full)

== వారసత్వం ==

[[భారత నావికా దళం|భారత నౌకాదళం]]కు పునాది వేయడం మరియు ఒక బ్లూ-వాటర్ నౌకాదళం ప్రవేశపెట్టడం ద్వారా మరాఠా సామ్రాజ్యం ప్రఖ్యాతి సాధించింది.దేశంలోని అత్యంత ప్రాముఖ్యత కలిగిన [[పూణే]], బరోడా, ఇండోర్ లాంటి నగరాలను అభివృద్ధి చేయడం ద్వారా కూడా మరాఠా సామ్రాజ్యం ఖ్యాతి గడించింది.
== పరిపాలన ==
⏎
<!-- [[File:Maratha darbar.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Maratha [[Court (royal)|Court]]]]
The organisation of Marathas’ administration was composed of several [[Minister (government)|ministers]] (''pradhaanas''):<ref name="books.google.com"/>

*''Peshwa'' : ''Mukhya'' (main) ''Pradhan'', Prime Minister to the Emperor, for supervising and governing in his absence. The Emperor's orders bore the Peshwa's seal.

*''Mutalik'': Deputy to the ''Peshwa'', [[Deputy Prime Minister]] to the Emperor
*''Rajadnya'': Deputy to the Crown
*''Sardar Senapati'' or ''Sarnaubat'': To manage military forces and administer lands (e.g., ''Sarsenapati'' [[Ghorpade]], ''Sarsenapati'' [[Dabhade]])
*''Sardar'': To manage military forces and administer lands
*''Mazumdar'': An auditor to manage receipts and expenditures, keep the Crown informed of finances and sign district-level accounts
*''Amatya'': Chief ''Mazumdar'' (Chief Revenue Minister) (e.g., [[Ramchandra Pant Amatya]])
*''Navis'' or ''Waqia Mantri'': to record daily activities of the royal family and to serve as the master of ceremonies
*''Sur Navis'' or ''Sacheev'': Imperial Secretary, to oversee the Crown's correspondence to ensure letter and style adherence (e.g., [[Shankaraji Narayan Sacheev]])
*''Sumant'' or ''Dabir'': [[Foreign Minister]], to manage foreign affairs and receive ambassadors
*''Pandit'': to adjudicate internal religious disputes and promote formal education and spiritual practice (e.g., [[Melgiri Pandit]])
*''Nyayadhish'': the highest judicial authority ([[Chief Justice]]).

'''Peshwa''' ({{lang-mr|पेशवे}}) was the titular equivalent of a modern Prime Minister. Emperor [[Shivaji]] created the Peshwa designation in order to more effectively delegate administrative duties during the growth of the Maratha Empire. Prior to 1749, Peshwas held office for 8–9 years and controlled the Maratha army.  They later became the ''de facto'' hereditary administrators of the Maratha Empire from 1749 till its end in 1818.

Under Peshwa administration and with the support of several key generals and diplomats (listed below), the Maratha Empire reached its zenith, ruling most of the [[Indian subcontinent]] landmass. It was also under the Peshwas that the Maratha Empire came to its end through its formal annexation into the [[British Empire]] by the [[British East India Company]] in 1818.

[[File:MWI3371-Sivaji-CNG73.1186-2.81g-7h.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Gold coins minted during Shivaji's era, 17th century.]]
The Marathas used secular policy of administration and allowed complete [[freedom of religion]].<ref name="admin34">Maratha Rule in India By Stephen Meredyth Edwardes, Herbert Leonard Offley Garrett p. 116.</ref> There were many notable Muslims in the military and administration of Marathas like [[Ibrahim Khan Gardi]],  Haider Ali Kohari, Daulat Khan, Siddi Ibrahim, Jiva Mahal etc.

'''Shivaji''' was an able administrator who established a government that included modern concepts such as cabinet, [[foreign affairs]] and [[intelligence|internal intelligence]].{{citation needed|date=September 2012}} He established an effective civil and military administration. He believed that there was a close bond between the state and the citizens. He is remembered as a just and welfare-minded king. Cosme da Guarda says about Shivaji in 'Life of the Celebrated Sevaji':<ref>Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, Bhāratīya Itihāsa Samiti, Ramesh Chandra Majumdar. [http://books.google.co.in/books?ei=xywpTvOTGofirAf40eTsBg&ct=result&id=zQ9uAAAAMAAJ&dq ''The History and Culture of the Indian People: The Maratha supremacy'']. G. Allen & Unwin, 1951</ref>
{{quote|Such was the good treatment Shivaji accorded to people and such was the honesty with which he observed the capitulations that none looked upon him without a feeling of love and confidence. By his people he was exceedingly loved. Both in matters of reward and punishment he was so impartial that while he lived he made no exception for any person; no merit was left unrewarded, no offence went unpunished; and this he did with so much care and attention that he specially charged his governors to inform him in writing of the conduct of his soldiers, mentioning in particular those who had distinguished themselves, and he would at once order their promotion, either in rank or in pay, according to their merit. He was naturally loved by all men of valor and good conduct.}}

However, the later Marathas are remembered more for their military campaigns, not for their administration. Hindu right historians have criticised the treatment of Marathas with [[Jats]] and [[Rajputs]]. Historian K Roy writes:
:“The treatment of Marathas with their co-religionist fellows – Jats and Rajputs was definitely unfair, and ultimately they had to pay its price in [[Panipat]] where Muslim forces had united in the name of religion.”<ref name="K.RoyIHB"/>
 -->

== పాలకులు ==

=== రాజ దర్బారులు ===
{{See also|Bhosale}}

* ఛత్రపతి శివాజీ మహరాజ్ (1630–1680)
(contracted; show full)[[వర్గం:1820 పతనాలు]]
[[వర్గం:భారతదేశ రాజ్యాలు మరియు సామ్రాజ్యాలు]]
[[వర్గం:చారిత్రాత్మక హిందూ సామ్రాజ్యాలు]]
[[వర్గం:మహారాష్ట్ర]]
[[వర్గం:మరాఠా సామ్రాజ్యం]]
[[వర్గం:దక్షిణాసియాలోని పూర్వ దేశాలు]]
[[వర్గం:1674లో ఏర్పడిన రాష్ట్రాలు మరియు ప్రాదేశిక ప్రాంతాలు]]
[[వర్గం:భారతదేశ చరిత్ర]]