Difference between revisions 120950259 and 122041361 on dewiki

{{Importartikel}}
{{Infobox person
|birth_name        = Bernadine Ohrnstein 
|image             = Bernardine Dohrn NLN cropped.jpg
|image_size        =
|caption           = Dohrn at 2007 reunion of SDS
|birth_date        = {{birth date and age|1942|1|12}}
|birth_place       = [[Milwaukee]], [[Wisconsin]], [[U.S.]]
|death_date        =
|death_place       =
|residence         = [[Chicago, Illinois|Chicago]], [[Illinois]], [[U.S.]]
|citizenship       = [[United States]]
|nationality       = [[United States|American]]
|work_institutions = [[Northwestern University School of Law]] 
|spouse            = [[Bill Ayers]]
|alma_mater        =
|doctoral_advisor  =
|doctoral_students =
|known_for         = Former member of the [[Weatherman (organization)|Weather Underground]]<br />Urban educational reform
|occupation        = Clinical Associate Professor of Law
|influences        =
|influenced        =
|prizes            =
|religion          =
|footnotes         =
}}⏎
⏎
'''Bernardine Rae Dohrn''' (ursprünglich '''Ohrnstein'''; * [[12. Januar]] [[1942]]) ist eine Professorin der Rechtswissenschaften an der [[Northwestern University]] in [[Illinois]], USA. Sie war in den 1960er und 70er Jahren leitendes Mitglied des [[Weather Underground]], einer radikalen politischen Gruppe, die sich zu Bombenanschläge auf das Capitol in Washington, den Pentagon und einige Polizeiwachen in New York bekannte. Als Mitglied des Weather Underground verlas Dohrn eine "Kriegserklärung" gegenüber der US-Regierung. Das FBI setzte sie auf die Liste der zehn meistgesuchten Personen, wo ihr Name noch drei weitere Jahre stehen blieb. Heute lehrt sie an der Northwestern University und ist mit Bill Ayers verheiratet, einem Mitbegründer des Weather Underground und ehemaligem Professor der University of Illinois in Chicago. ⏎
⏎
is an Associate Professor of Law at Northwestern University School of Law and the immediate past Director of Northwestern's [[Northwestern University School of Law#Children and Family Justice Center|Children and Family Justice Center]]. Dohrn was a leader of the [[Weather Underground]], a group that was responsible for the bombing of the United States Capitol, the Pentagon, and several police stations in New York.  As a member of the Weather Underground, Dohrn read a "Declaration of a State of War" against the United States government, and was placed on the FBI's 10 Most Wanted list, where she remained for three years.  She now teaches at Northwestern Law School and is married to [[Bill Ayers]], a co-founder of the Weather Underground, who was formerly a tenured professor at the University of Illinois at Chicago.⏎

==Jugend und Studium==
Bernardine Dohrn wurde 1942 als Bernardine Ohrnstein in [[Milwaukee]] im US-Bundesstaat [[Wisconsin]] geboren und wuchs in Whitefish Bay, Wisconsin auf, einem gehobeneren Mittelklasse-Vorort von Milwaukee.Ihr Vater, Bernhard, veränderte den Familiennamen zu Dohm, als Bernardine Schülerin der High School war.<ref>Lear, Patricia [http://www.chicagomag.com/Chicago-Magazine/May-1993/Rebel-Without-a-Pause/index.php?cp=2&si=1 Rebel Without a Pause], ''[[Chicago (magazin(contracted; show full)ten schon ähnliche Witze gemacht. Er sagte auch, er sei bei Interviews anwesend gewesen, in denen Dohrn versucht hätte, ihre Aussage in den richtigen Zusammenhang zu setzen, aber die Reporter hätten ihre Aussagen unterschlagen."<ref>There are slightly differing versions of this quote cited in books and news reports.<br />Bugliosi, Vincent, Helter Skelter, 2001 page 297<br />Barber, David (2008). ''A hard rain fell: SDS and why it failed'', page 211.</ref>  I
 ⏎
===Controversial statements about Tate-LaBianca murders===
Dohrn was criticized for comments she made about the murders of actress [[Sharon Tate]] and retail store owners [[Leno and Rosemary LaBianca]] by the [[Charles Manson]] clan. In a speech during the December 1969 "War Council" meeting organized by the Weathermen, attended by about 400 people in [[Flint, Michigan]], Dohrn said, "First they killed those pigs, then they ate dinner in the same room with them, then they even shoved a fork into the pig Tate's stomach! Wild!"<ref>There are slightly differing versions of this quote cited in books and news reports.<br />Bugliosi, Vincent, Helter Skelter, 2001 page 297<br />Barber, David (2008). ''A hard rain fell: SDS and why it failed'', page 211.</ref>  In greeting each other, delegates to the war council often spread their fingers to signify the fork.<ref name="autogenerated49"/>

In 2008, Dohrn's husband [[Bill Ayers]] wrote that Dohrn was being ironic when she made the statement about the Manson murders.<ref name="bablog">Ayers, Bill, [http://billayers.wordpress.com/2008/03/03/im-sorry-i-think/ "I'M SORRY!!!! I think ...."], blog post, "Bill Ayers" blog, March 3, 2008. Retrieved June 8, 2008.</ref> Ayers wrote that he always thought Dohrn's statement was intended to make a political point, "agitated and inflamed and full of rhetorical overkill, and partly as a joke, stupid perhaps, tasteless, but a joke nonetheless", and similar (he said) to jokes about Charles Manson that were being made by [[Hunter S. Thompson]] and [[Richard Pryor]]. Ayers said he had been present at interviews with reporters in which Dohrn had tried to put her statement in context but the reporters had dismissed her explanation.<ref name=bablog/>⏎

==Biographie/Weather Underground==
===1959-1967===
Dohrn beendete im Juni 1959 die High School in Whitefish Bay. Von September 1959 bis Januar 1961 studierte sie an der Universität in Miami. Dann wechselte sie zur University of Chicago und erwarb drei Abschlüsse. Im Juni 1963 absolvierte sie den Bachelor of Arts und im Juni 1964 den Master, später noch einen Jura-Abschluss im Juni 1967. Während ihres Jura-Studiums begann Dohrn für [[Martin Luther King, jr.|Martin Luther King Junior]], zu arbeiten, den Sohn(contracted; show full)che wechseln sollte. Die SDS-Mitglieder hatten sich seit vier Tagen in dem Park aufgehalten, nach der Befragung durch die Polizei checkten sie aus. Einige von ihnen waren im gleichen Monat schon einmal festgenommen worden, bei den Straßenkrawallen in Chicago. Die Namen der anderen SDSler im Park waren Terry Robbins, 22, New York City; John G. Jacobs, 22, Detroit; James G. Mellen, 34 ''(Jim Mellen),'' Chelsea, Mich.; Gerald W. Long, 33, Detroit; und Robert Mackowsky, 19, Fort Lee, N. J. 
 ⏎
⏎
⏎
⏎
On January 29 and 30, 1969, in recognition of the tenth anniversary of the revolution, the University of Washington held a Cuba teach-in where Dohrn was a speaker on campus. She attended a regional conference held for the leaders of the SDS on April 14, 1969.  

A month later at a press conference at the regional headquarters of SDS in Chicago, Dohrn spoke of the plans that were under way to "attack" college graduation ceremonies across the country. She said, "Our presence will be known at the graduation ceremonies where the big people will come as speakers."

Dohrn was now known as a National Interim Committee member of the SDS and a member of the Weatherman group. She traveled to Cuba via Mexico City on July 4, 1969, with a delegation from the SDS and later arrived in Canada on a Cuban Vessel on August 16, 1969.

On August 22, 1969, Dohrn was arrested in Chicago and charged with possession of drugs. The defense argued police conducted an illegal search of the car in which she was a passenger. On September 9, 1969, Judge Kenneth R. Wendt of Narcotics Court of Chicago dismissed the charges.

On September 20, 1969, there was an anti-Vietnam rally at the Davis Cup tennis tournament. Police arrested twenty persons, including 27-year-old Bernardine Dohrn. She was charged with disorderly conduct.

On September 26, 1969, Dohrn was arrested in Chicago during a demonstration. The rally was in support of the eight men accused of conspiracy concerning the riot during the 1968 Democratic National Convention, who were being tried on riot conspiracy charges.

Dohrn was arrested on October 9, 1969, by the Chicago police during a rally for women’s faction of the Weathermen group. She was later released on a one thousand dollar bond.

October 24, 1969 Southern Illinoisan, Oregon, ILL. (AP)

Police raided three cabins at White Pines State Park Thursday night and turned up some top leaders of the militant Weatherman faction of the Students for a Democratic Society. Two persons were arrested — Jeffrey C. Jones, 22, SDS interorganizational secretary from Cylmar, Calif,, and Linda Sue Evans, 22, of Ann Arbor, Mich. Among others questioned and released were Mark W. Rudd, 22, national SDS secretary from Maple Park, N.J.; Bernadine Dohrn, 27, former interorganizational secretary from Chicago; and William C. Ayers, 24, of Ann Arbor, SDS educational secretary. Jones was charged with possession of a deadly weapon and released on $1,000 bond. Police said he bad a blackjack. Miss Evans was charged with auto theft. The car, authorities said, was a rented vehicle which had not been returned on time.

Sheriff Ed Lang of Ogle County said police were called by park authorities whose suspicions were aroused when the SDSers would not allow maids into the cabins to change bed sheets. A state trooper and several members of the sheriff's office participated in the raid. The SDS members had been at the park since Monday but checked out after being questioned by police. Several of them were among the scores arrested in Chicago during street violence earlier this month. Others at the park were Terry Robbins, 22, New York City; John G. Jacobs, 22, Detroit; James G. Mellen, 34 ''(Jim Mellen),'' Chelsea, Mich.; Gerald W. Long, 33, Detroit; and Robert Mackowsky, 19, Fort Lee, N. J. <ref>October 24, 1969 Southern Illinoisan October 24, 1969 Oregon, ILL. (AP) Page 1</ref>

On October 31, 1969, a grand jury indicted 22 people, including Dohrn, because of her involvement with the trial of the Chicago 8. 

On April 2, 1970, in Chicago a Federal Grand Jury indicted twelve members of the Weatherman group, including Dohrn, on conspiracy charges to violate the anti-riot act during the "[[Days of Rage]]" which was held in Chicago on October 8 through 11, 1969.<ref name="autogenerated1975"/>

On November 21, 1972, all of the convictions were reversed by the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit]] on the basis the judge was biased in his refusal to permit defense attorneys to screen prospective jurors for cultural and racial bias.<ref>''United States v. Dellinger'', 472 F.2d 340 (7th Cir. 1972).</ref>

===1970s===

In May 1970, Dohrn recorded and sent a transcript of a tape recording to the ''New York Times''. The statement was a "declaration of a State of War" on behalf of the Weathermen.  

On October 14, 1970, Bernardine Rae Dohrn was added to the Federal Bureau of Investigations list of the "10 Most Wanted" fugitives. She used several aliases, including Bernardine Rae Ohrnstein, H.T. Smith, and Marion Del Gado.  The FBI removed Dohrn from its "10 Most Wanted" list in December 1973, after District Judge Damon J. Keith dismissed the case against the Weathermen. 

On January 3, 1974, U.S. District Court Judge [[Julius Hoffman|Julius J. Hoffman]] dismissed a 4-year-old case against twelve members of the Weatherman faction of the [[Students for a Democratic Society]], which included Dohrn. She had been charged with leading the riotous "Days of Rage"<ref name="autogenerated2006">Berger, Dan, Outlaws of America: the Weather Underground and the Politics of Solidarity, AK press, 2006.</ref>

==Later radical history==
{{further|List of Weatherman actions}}
A founder of the [[../../Benutzer:Siesta/Weatherman_(organization)|Weatherman group]], Dohrn was a member of the "Weather Bureau" (name later changed to "Central Committee"). [[Larry Grathwohl]], an FBI informant who was with the Weatherman from autumn 1969 through spring 1970, considered her one of the two top leaders of the organization, along with [[Bill Ayers]].<ref name=lgbda12<ref>October 24, 1969 Southern Illinoisan October 24, 1969 Oregon, ILL. (AP) Page 1</ref>  

Am 31. Oktober 1969 klagte eine Grand Jury 22 Personen, darunter Dohrn, wegen der Beteiligung an den "Chocago 8" an.  

Am 2. April 1970 klagte eine bundesstaatliche Grand Jury zwölf Mitglieder der Weathermen-Gruppe, darunter Dohrn, wegen des Verdachts einer Verschwörung an, und weil sie während der  

Days of Rage in Chicago (8. bis 11. Oktober 1969) gegen die Anti-Aufstandsgesetze verstoßen haben sollen.<ref name="autogenerated1975" />

Am 21. November 1972 wurden alle Urteile vom United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit zurückgewiesen, das Gericht ging davon aus, dass der Richter voreingenommen gewesen sei, da er es dem Vorschlag der Verteidgung nicht nachgekommen war, die Schöffen hinsichtlich kultureller und rassistischer Vorurteile durchzuchecken.<ref>''United States v. Dellinger'', 472 F.2d 340 (7th Cir. 1972).</ref>

===1970er===

Im Mai 1970 schickte Dohrn eine transkribierte Tonbandaufnahme an die New York Times, bei dem Text handelte es sich um eine "Kriegserklärung" im Namen der Weathermen-Gruppe. Am 14. Oktober 1970 wurde Dohrn der FBI-Liste mit den zehn meistgesuchten flüchtigen Personen hinzugefügt. Sie verwendete unterschiedliche Tarnnamen, darunter Bernardine RaeOhrnstein, H.T. Smith und Marion Del Gado. Das FBI entfernte Dohrns Namen von der Liste, nachdem Bezirksrichter Damon J. Keith den Prozess gegen die Weathermen fallen gelassen hatte.   

Am 3. Januar 1974 ließ Bezirksrichter Julius J. Hoffmann eine vier Jahre alte Anklage gegen zwölf Mitglieder der Weathermen, darunter Dohrn, fallen. Ihr hatte man vorgeworfen, die Aufstände während der "Days of Rage" angeführt zu haben. <ref name="autogenerated2006">Berger, Dan, Outlaws of America: the Weather Underground and the Politics of Solidarity, AK press, 2006.</ref> 

==Spätere radikale Phase==
Als Gründerin der Weathermen gehörte Dohrn dem "Weather Bureau" an, das später in "Central Committee" umbenannt wurde. Larry Grathwohl, ein FBI-Informant, der den Weathermen von Herbst 1969 bis Frühjahr 1970 angehört hatte, bezeichnete Dohrn und Bill Ayers als die beiden Top-Führungsleute der Organisation. <ref name="lgbda12">Grathwohl, Larry, and Frank, Reagan, ''Bringing Down America: An FBI Informant in with the Weathermen'', Arlington House, 1977, page 110: "Ayers, along with Bernardine Dohrn, probably had the most authority within the Weatherman."</ref>

(contracted; show full)[[Category:COINTELPRO targets]]
[[Category:American communists]]
[[Category:Weather Underground]]
[[Category:Members of Students for a Democratic Society (1960 organization)]]
[[Category:Northwestern University faculty]]
[[Category:Terrorism in the United States]]
[[Category:University of Chicago alumni]] <!-- BA -->
-->