Difference between revisions 47122 and 47544 on enwiki'''Darius III''' or '''Codomannus''' (c. [[380 BC | 380]] - [[330 BC]]), was the last king of the [[Achaemenid dynasty]] of [[Persia]] from [[336 BC]] to [[330 BC]]. He was deposed after [[Alexander the Great]]'s conquest.
After the ambitious chiliarch [[Bagoas]] murdered King [[Artaxerxes III of Persia]] in [[338 BC]], and his son King [[Arses of Persia|Arses]] in [[336 BC]], he sought to install a new monarch who would be easier to control. He chose Codomannus, a distant relative of the royal house who had distinguished himself in a combat of champions in a war against the [[Cadusians]] (Justin 10.3; cf. Diod. 17.6.1-2) and was serving at the time as a royal courier (Plutarch, Life of Alexander 18.7-8, First Oration On the Fortune or the Virtue of Alexander 326.D). Codomannus was the son of Arsames son of Ostanes, one of Artaxerxes's brothers and Sisygambis, daughter of Artaxerxes II Mnenon.
Codomannus took the regnal name Darius III, and quickly demonstrated his independence from his assassin benefactor. Bagoas then tried to poison Darius as well, but Darius was warned and forced Bagoas to drink the poison himself (Diodorus 17.5.6). The new king found himself in control of an unstable empire, large portions of which were governed by jealous and unreliable satraps and inhabited by disaffected and rebellious subjects.
In [[336 BC]] [[Philip II of Macedon]] was authorized by the [[League of Corinth]] as its Hegemon to intiate a sacred war of vengence against the Persians for desecrating and burning the Athenian temples during the [[Second Persian War]]. He sent an advance force into [[Asia Minor]] under the command of his generals Parmenion and Attalus to "liberate" the Greeks living under Persian control. After they took the Greek cities of Asia from [[Troy]] to the Maiandros river, Philip was assassinated and his campaign was suspended while his heir consolidated his control of Macedonia and the rest of Greece.
In the spring of [[334 BC]], that heir, [[Alexander the Great]], who had himself been confirmed as Hegemon by the League of Corinth, invaded Asia Minor at the head of a combined Greek army and almost immediately faced and defeated a numerically-superior Persian force at the [[Battle of the Granicus|Battle of the Granicus River]]. In [[333 BC]] Darius himself took the field against the Greek king, but his much larger army was outflanked and defeated at the [[Battle of Issus]] and Darius was forced to flee, leaving behind his chariot, his camp, and his family, all of which were captured by Alexander. In [[331 BC]], Darius' sister-wife Statira, who had otherwise been well-treated (Plutarch, Life of Alexander 21.2-5), died in captivity, reputedly in childbirth (Plutarch, Life of Alexander, 30.1). In September of that year, after rejecting the Great King's peace overtures, Alexander again defeated Darius at the [[Battle of Gaugamela]], when his chariot driver was killed and the Great King was knocked off his feet, which set off a general Persian rout, as his troops panicked at what they believed was the death of their king. Darius then fled to [[Ecbatana]] to begin raising a fourth army, while Alexander took possession of [[Babylon]], [[Susa]] and the Persian capitol at [[Persepolis]].
Darius was deposed by his [[satrap]] [[Bessus]] and was assassinated at Bessus' order in [[July]] [[330 BC]], in order to slow Alexander's pursuit. Alexander gave Darius a magnificent funeral and eventually married his daughter Statira at [[Opis]] in [[324 BC]].
==External links==
*[http://www.gaugamela.com A detailed biography of Darius]
*[http://www.american-pictures.com/genealogy/persons/per01592.htm A genealogy of Darius]
*[http://www.pothos.org/alexander.asp?paraID=14&keyword_id=9&title=Darius%20III Pothos.org: Darius III]
{| align="center" cellpadding="2" border="2"
|-
| width="30%" align="center" rowspan="2" | Preceded by:<br>'''[[Arses of Persia|Artaxerxes IV Arses]]'''
| width="40%" align="center" | '''[[List of kings of Persia|Shahanshah of Persia]]'''
| width="30%" align="center" rowspan="3" | Succeeded by:<br>'''[[Alexander the Great|Alexander III the Great]]'''
|-
| width="40%" align="center" | '''[[Pharaoh|Pharaoh of Lower Egypt]]'''<br>''[[Achaemenid dynasty]]''
|-
| width="30%" align="center" | '''[[Khabbabash]]'''
| width="40%" align="center" | '''[[Pharaoh|Pharaoh of Upper Egypt]]'''
|}
[[Category:Monarchs of Persia]]
[[Category:Pharaohs]]
[[de:Dareios III.]]
[[fr:Darius III]]
[[pl:Dariusz III]]
[[he:דריווש השלישי]]Is this really an encyclopedia article? And if you ''can'' justify an article about something so trivial and context-dependent, how can you possibly omit any mention of Jamaica, which would seem central to the phrase? --LDC
:ok, Jamaican and Nigeria get equal billing - and what's interesting about this phrase is the way it seems to be, like "okay" in some contexts, or the infamous Japanese "yes" (which means "yes i hear you" not "yes I agree"), and has reversed meanings seemingly due to the pressures of colonial etiquette (although I did not say that directly). Linguists talk about this but I'm not sure they *write* about it - it's like they don't want to admit that phrases may carry *only* contextual meaning, as that would obsolete their own field.
----
The fact that you associate it with Jamaica and I associate it with Nigeria is interesting in itself.
Look, there are maybe 100 such phrases in the world, and people *do* ask "what the hell does that mean?" about these things all the time, especially if they don't speak English as a first language. It's an idiom.
Even if we defined all 4000 English idioms here, that wouldn't be too much for any encyclopedia. 4000 out of 100,000 is only 4% of the grand total but they are probably 15% of English usage itself. Dictionaries can't cover them so encyclopedias should.
----
Dictionaries can and do cover such idioms, and many do a very good job. Some of them can't keep up with the pace of creation of new ones very well, though. Larry was very adamant that [[wikipedia:Wikipedia is not a dictionary|Wikipedia is not a dictionary]], but I'm quite happy to include dictionary entries here--just make sure they actually say something useful. -- [[user:Lee Daniel Crocker|Lee Daniel Crocker]]
----
I think citing two extreme meanings is useful. I personally know people who have heard the phrase "no problem" to mean both things, in Canada and Nigeria, respectively.
The problem is that dictionaries must report the original/official meaning of a phrase, i.e. "no problem" means "I'll take care of it" or "there's nothing to worry about". It's possible to cite the extreme meanings in different numbered entries but there is no sense that the phrase couuld mean anything in between...
So, maybe this is the minimal encyclopedia article? Two dictionary meanings and an assertion that the phrase is used to mean everything from one to the other, thus effectively meaning nothing other than "I'm not going to give you any other assurances"... ?
----
:Here's the old text, in the hopes that someone can extract more content from it. (I didn't want to delete it entirely, so I put it here.) If someone has a cite of "no problem" being used in some of the other senses mentioned here, please add that to the entry. - Rootbeer 2002-04-04
::I rewrote the whole thing, and subordinated the controversial phrase "viral meme" which LDC seems to think does not exist, despite the fact that the original term "meme" he wants to monopolize for Dawkins' original (unscientific) meaning.
The phrase "no problem" is a viral meme which seems to mean everything from "really, no problem, I've taken care of it and will completely indemnify and insure you for all risks of trusting me and against every conceivable threat to the maximum of my own ability" to "I have just sold you and your firstborn into slavery, to this nice man." It has no real meaning outside of the context in which it is used, and is thus interesting.
A phrase or idiom dictionary translation of "no problem" might read "I'll take care of it" or "there's nothing to worry about". However, it effectively means nothing other than "I'm not going to give you any other assurances" - and thus ends a conversation about whatever risk is about to be incurred. Some think it means roughly the same thing as "shut up".
⏎
⏎
⏎
This site is not affiliated with or endorsed in any way by the Wikimedia Foundation or any of its affiliates. In fact, we fucking despise them.
|
