Difference between revisions 19283450 and 19283518 on enwiktionary

This is a [[semasiological]] index of Proto-Indo-European nominal stems. See [[Appendix:List of Proto-Indo-European roots]] for an alphabetical list of roots.

===Kinship===
{| class="wikitable" style="border:1px; background-color: #f7f8ff"
|- style="background-color: #e6e9ff"
! style="width: 15em" | Root !! style="width: 15em" | Meaning !! Derivatives
|-
(contracted; show full)
|-
| {{recons|ǵenu-|lang=ine-pro}} || [[cheek]]|| Latin gena, Welsh genou, Ancient Greek genos, Gothic kinnus, Sanskrit hanu, Avestan zanu, Lithuanian žandas, Latvian zods, Phrygian azon, Tocharian śanwem/, Old Armenian {{term|ծնաւտ|tr=cnawt|lang=xcl}}, English cin/chin, German chinni/Kinn, Irish gin/gionach, Old Norse kinn, Persian /goune(h), Ancient Macedonian kanadoi
|-
| {{
termxrecons|ǵebʰ-|lang=ine-pro}} || [[jaw]]|| Russian {{term|зоб|tr=zob|lang=ru}}, Serb. gubica, Irish gopchóel/gob, German /Kiefer, English ceafl/jowl, Old Norse keptr, Avestan zafana
|-
| {{termxrecons|smek-|lang=ine-pro}} || [[chin]]|| Irish smech/smeach, Lithuanian smakras, Latvian smakrs, Sanskrit śmaśru, Hittite zamakur, Old Armenian {{term|մաւրուք|tr=mawrukʿ|lang=xcl}}, Albanian mjekër, Latin maxilla
|-
| {{termxrecons|bʰardʰeh₂-|lang=ine-pro}} || [[beard]]|| Lithuanian barzda, Latvian bārda, Old Church Slavonic brada, Russian {{term|борода|tr=borodá|lang=ru}}, Latin barba, English beard/beard, German bart/Bart, Welsh barf, Polish broda, Old Norse barðr, [[Crimean Gothic language|Crimean Gothic]] Bars 
|-
| {{termxrecons|moni|lang=ine-pro}} || [[neck]]|| Sanskrit manyā, Latin monīle, English manu/mane, German mana/Mähne, Irish muin/muin, Ancient Greek mannon, Russian {{term|монисто|tr=monísto|lang=ru}}, Welsh mwnwgl, Gaulish maniakēs, Old Norse mǫn, Avestan minu
|-
| {{termxrecons|h₃emesos|lang=ine-pro}} || [[shoulder]]|| Ancient Greek ōmos, Sanskrit aṃsa, Gothic ams, Old Norse ass, Latin umĕrus, Tocharian es/āntse, Old Armenian {{term|ուս|tr=us|lang=xcl}}, Pashto uža/uga
|-
| {{termxrecons|ḱub-|lang=ine-pro}} || [[shoulder]]|| Albanian sup, German huf/Hüfte, English hype/hip, Ancient Greek kubos, Avestan supti, Latin cubitus, Sanskrit śupti, Gothic hups, Welsh gogof, Persian /šāne
|-
| {{termxrecons|h₂erm-|lang=ine-pro}} || [[arm]]|| Ossetian arm, Old Armenian {{term|արմուկն|tr=armukn|lang=xcl}}, Latin armus, Gothic arms, English earm/arm, Sanskrit irmas, Old Prussian irmo, Old Church Slavonic ramo, German aram/Arm, Old Norse armr, Ancient Greek arthron/
|-
| {{termxrecons|eh₃l-|lang=ine-pro}} || [[elbow]]|| German elina/elle, Ancient Greek ōlenē, Old Armenian {{term|ոլոք|tr=olokʿ|lang=xcl}}, Latin ulna, Lithuanian uolektis, Latvian olekts, Russian {{term|локоть|tr=lókot’|lang=ru}}, Sanskrit āṇi, Welsh elin, English eln/ell, Irish uilin/uille, Gothic aleina, Old Norse aln, Albanian llërë/llânë, Avestan arəθna, Old Prussian woaltis, Old Church Slavonic pakŭtĭ, Polish łokieć, Persian /āran
|-
| {{termxrecons|dows-|lang=ine-pro}} || [[forearm]]|| Sanskrit doṣnas, Avestan daoš, Irish doít/doíd, Lithuanian dilbis, Latvian paduse, Russian {{term|пазуха|tr=pázuxa|lang=ru}}, Persian /doš
|-
| {{termxrecons|ǵʰes-|lang=ine-pro}} || [[hand]]|| Sanskrit hasta, Avestan zasta, Lithuanian žastas, Latin praesto, Hittite kessar, Lycian izre, Luwian iššari-, Ancient Greek kheir, Old Armenian {{term|ձեռն|tr=jeṙn|lang=xcl}}, Kamviri düšt, Albanian dorë, Pashto laas
|-
| {{termxrecons|men-|lang=ine-pro}} || [[hand]]|| Latin manus, Ancient Greek mane, English mund/--, German munt/Vormund
|-
| {{termxrecons|h₃enogʰ-|lang=ine-pro}} || [[nail]]|| Ancient Greek onohos, Sanskrit aṅghri, Latin unguis, German nagel/Nagel, Russian {{term|ноготь|tr=nógot’|lang=ru}}, Lithuanian nagas, Latvian nags, Avestan nakhara, Old Armenian {{term|եղունգն|tr=ełungn|lang=xcl}}, Welsh ewin, English nægl/nail, Persian /nāxun, Old Church Slavonic noguti, Irish inga/ionga, Pashto nuk, Ormuri nakhkche
|-
| {{termxrecons|psten-|lang=ine-pro}} || [[breast]]|| Ancient Greek stēthos, Old Armenian {{term|ստին|tr=stin|lang=xcl}}, Sanskrit stana, Avestan fštāna, Lithuanian spenys, Latvian spenis, Old Norse speni, German spunni/Spanferkel, Irish sine/sine, Albanian gji, Old Prussian spenis, Persian /pestan, English spane/--
|-
| {{termxrecons|eh₂udʰr̥|lang=ine-pro}} || [[udder]]|| Lithuanian ūdroti, English ūder/udder, German ūtir/Euter, Old Norse jūgr, Ancient Greek outhar/, Sanskrit ūdhar,  Latin ūber, Russian {{term|вымя|tr=výmja|lang=ru}}, Polish wymię
|-
| {{termxrecons|perḱ-|lang=ine-pro}} || [[rib]]|| Old Church Slavonic persi, Lithuanian piršys, Sanskrit parśus, Avestan parəsu, Ossetian fars
|-
| {{termxrecons|pog-|lang=ine-pro}} || [[lap]]|| Sanskrit pakṣas, Latvian paksis, Latin pectus, Russian {{term|пах|tr=pax|lang=ru}}, Tocharian päśśäṃ/päšcane
|-
| {{termxrecons|h₃enbʰ-|lang=ine-pro}} || [[navel]]|| Sanskrit nabhya, Avestan nāba, Latvian naba, German nabalo/Nabel, English nafela/navel, Old Norse nafli, Ancient Greek omphalos, Latin umbilīcus, Irish imbliu/imleacán, Kashmiri naf, Old Prussian nabis, Persian /nāf
|-
| {{termxrecons|udero-|lang=ine-pro}} || [[belly]]|| Latin uterus; venter, Ancient Greek otheros, Sanskrit udara, Avestan udaras, Lithuanian vėdaras, Latvian vēders, German wanast/Wanst, Pashto nas
|-
| {{termxrecons|pisda|lang=ine-pro}} || [[vulva]]|| Russian {{term|пизда|tr=pizdá|lang=ru}}, Lithuanian pyzda, Latvian pīzda, Albanian pidh 
|-
| {{termxrecons|pes-|lang=ine-pro}} || [[penis]]|| Ancient Greek peos, Latin pēnis, German faselt/Fasel, Old Norse fösull, English fæsl/--, Sanskrit pasas
|-
| {{termxrecons|h₃erǵʰi-|lang=ine-pro}} || [[testicle]]|| Ancient Greek orkhēs, Old Armenian {{term|որձիք|tr=orjikʿ|lang=xcl}}, Irish uirge/, Lithuanian aržilas (modern: eržilas), Latvian erzelis, Avestan ərəzi, Albanian herdhe
|-
| {{termxrecons|h₃ers-|lang=ine-pro}} || [[arse]]|| Ancient Greek oura, Old Armenian {{term|ոռ|tr=oṙ|lang=xcl}}, Hittite arras, English ears/arse, Irish err/earr, German ars/Arsch, Old Norse ars
|-
| {{termxrecons|ḱlowni-|lang=ine-pro}} || [[buttock]]|| Latin clūnis, Old Norse hlaun, Kamviri slaunis, Sanskrit śroṇi, Avestan sraoni, Welsh clun, Lithuanian šlaunis, Pashto kunattai
|-
| {{termxrecons|kroksko-|lang=ine-pro}} || [[leg]]|| Albanian krah, Lithuanian kirkaliai, Old Church Slavonic kraka, Russian {{term|окорок|tr=ókorok|lang=ru}}, Sanskrit kiṣku
|-
| {{termxrecons|ǵenu-|lang=ine-pro}} || [[knee]]|| Russian {{term|звено|tr=zvenó|lang=ru}}, Latin genū, Hittite gienu, Palaic ginu-, English cnēo/knee, Ancient Greek gonu, Sanskrit jānu, Illyr. Genusus, German kniu/Knie, Persian /zānu, Old Norse kne, Avestan znum, Tocharian kanweṃ/kenīne, Gothic kniu, Old Armenian {{term|ծունր|tr=cunr|lang=xcl}}, {{term|ծունկք|tr=cunkkʿ|lang=xcl}}
|-
| {{termxrecons|kenk-|lang=ine-pro}} || [[kneecap]]|| Sanskrit kañkāla, Lithuanian  kenklė, Latvian cinksla, English hēla/heel, Old Norse hǽll
|-
| {{termxrecons|persna-|lang=ine-pro}} || [[heel]]|| Sanskrit pārṣni, Latin perna/pernis, Hittite parsina, Gothic fairsna, German fërsana/Ferse, Ancient Greek ptera, English fiersn/-- , Persian /pāšne(h), Lithuanian pentinas
|-
| {{termxrecons|pṓds|lang=ine-pro}} || [[foot]]|| Lithuanian pėda, Latvian pēda, Latin pēs, Umbrian peři, Sanskrit pāda, English fōt/foot, Old Armenian {{term|ոտն|tr=otn|lang=xcl}}, Ancient Greek podi, Albanian poshtë, Tocharian peṃ/paiyye, Ossetian fad/, German fuoz/Fuß, Old Church Slavonic pĕšĭ, Russian {{term|пеший|tr=péšij|lang=ru}}, Polish pieszy, Old Prussian pe'da', Hittite pata, Lycian pede-, Luwian pati-, Avestan pâdha, Old Norse fótr, Kurdish pê, Gothic fotus, Persian /pa, Gaulish candetum, Ancient Macedonian argiopus, Pashto pša/pkha
|}

===Body organs===
{| class="wikitable" style="border:1px; background-color: #f7f8ff"
|- style="background-color: #e6e9ff"
! style="width: 15em" | Root !! style="width: 15em" | Meaning !! Derivatives
|-
| {{termxrecons|kʷrep-|lang=ine-pro}} || [[body]]|| Sanskrit kṛpā, Avestan kərəfš, Albanian shkrep, German href/, Latin corpus, English hrif/midriff, Ancient Greek prapis, Welsh corff, Irish crí/
|-
| {{termxrecons|naw-|lang=ine-pro}} || [[corpse]]|| Tocharian nut/naut, Gothic naus, Russian {{term|навь|tr=nav’|lang=ru}}, Welsh newyn, German not/, Old Norse nār, English néo-/--, Old Church Slavonic navi, Old Prussian nowis, Lithuanian novyti, Latvian nāve, Irish núne/
|-
| {{termxrecons|neḱ-|lang=ine-pro}} || [[dead]] [[person]], [[death]]|| Sanskrit naśyati, Avestan nasyeiti, Ancient Greek nekros, Lithuanian našlys, Latin nex, Tocharian näk/näk, Irish éc/eug, Welsh angeu, Old Norse Naglfar
|-
| {{termxrecons|pel-|lang=ine-pro}} || [[skin]]|| Ancient Greek pelos; pilon, Latin pellis, Russian {{term|пелена|tr=pelená|lang=ru}}, Gothic fill, German fël/Fell, English filmen/film, Lithuanian plėnė, Latvian plēne, Old Prussian pleynis, Old Norse feldr
|-
| {{termx|twakos|lang=ine-pro}} || [[skin]]|| Sanskrit tvacas, Hittite tuekkas, Ancient Greek sakos
|-
(contracted; show full)
|-
| {{termx|bel-|lang=ine-pro}} || [[power]], [[strength]]|| Sanskrit bāla, Ancient Greek beltiōn, Latin dēbĭlis, Irish adbal/dibeal, Welsh balch, Russian {{term|большой|tr=bol’šój|lang=ru}}, Kamviri bâlim, Phrygian balaios, Old Church Slavonic boljĭjĭ, [[Low Saxon]] pal
|}

[[Category:Proto-Indo-European appendices|nouns]]
[[Category:Terms derived from Proto-Indo-European|*]]
[[Category:Proto-Indo-European nouns|*]]