Difference between revisions 19283596 and 19283597 on enwiktionary

This is a [[semasiological]] index of Proto-Indo-European nominal stems. See [[Appendix:List of Proto-Indo-European roots]] for an alphabetical list of roots.

===Kinship===
{| class="wikitable" style="border:1px; background-color: #f7f8ff"
|- style="background-color: #e6e9ff"
! style="width: 15em" | Root !! style="width: 15em" | Meaning !! Derivatives
|-
(contracted; show full)
|-
| {{recons|h₂eǵ-|lang=ine-pro}} || [[goat]]|| Sanskrit aja, Persian /azg, Lithuanian ožys, Latvian āzis, Irish ag/agh, Old Church Slavonic jazno, Russian {{term|язь|tr=jaz’|lang=ru}}, Old Prussian wosux, Albanian dhi
|-
| {{
termxrecons|h₂eyǵ-|lang=ine-pro}} || [[goat]]|| Sanskrit eḍa, Avestan izaēna, Old Armenian {{term|այծ|tr=ayc|lang=xcl}}, Ancient Greek aiks,Albanian kec
|-
| {{termxrecons|kapro-|lang=ine-pro}} || [[goat]]|| Sanskrit kapṛtha, Ancient Greek kapros, Latin caper, Umbrian kabru, Gaulish cabros, Irish gabor/, Welsh gafr, Old Norse hafr, English hæfer/, German habaro/Haber,Albanian kaproll(deer)
|-
| {{termxrecons|bʰuHgos-|lang=ine-pro}} || [[goat]]|| Kurdish biz-, Avestan būza. Persian /buz, Old Armenian {{term|բուծ|tr=buc|lang=xcl}}, Irish bocc/boc, Welsh bwch, Old Norse bukkr, English buc/buck, German boc/Bock, Pashto wuza/buza
|-
| {{termxrecons|gʰaydos|lang=ine-pro}} || [[goat]]|| Latin haedus, Gothic gaits, German geiz/Geiss, Old Norse geit, English gāt/goat
|-
| {{termxrecons|h₁er-|lang=ine-pro}} || [[goat]]|| Old Armenian {{term|որոճ|tr=oroč|lang=xcl}}, Lithuanian ėriukas (old: ėras), Latvian jērs, Old Prussian eristian, Latin ariēs, Umbrian erietu, Irish heirp/earb, Ancient Greek eriphos, German irah/, Old Church Slavonic jarina
|-
| {{termxrecons|h₂ówis|lang=ine-pro}} || [[sheep]]|| Latin ovis, Russian {{term|овца|tr=ovcá|lang=ru}}, Lithuanian avis, Latvian avs, Sanskrit avika, English ēowu/ewe, German ouwi/Aue, Gothic awēþi, Old Norse ǽr, Ancient Greek ois, Irish ói/, Hittite ḫawi, Luwian ḫāwi-, Welsh ewig, Tocharian --/āuw, Old Armenian {{term|հովիւ|tr=hoviw|lang=xcl}}, Polish owca, Umbrian uvem, Old Prussian awins, Lycian xabwa
|-
| {{termxrecons|wer-|lang=ine-pro}} || [[ram]]|| Sanskrit uraṇa, Old Armenian {{term|գառն|tr=gaṙn|lang=xcl}}, Persian /barra, Ancient Greek arnion, Latin vervēx, Irish felb/, Tocharian /yrīye, Old Norse vara, English waru/ware, German /Ware, Polish wór
|-
| {{termxrecons|h₂egʷʰno-|lang=ine-pro}} || [[lamb]]|| Latin agnus, Russian {{term|ягнёнок|tr=jagnënok|lang=ru}}, Old Church Slavonic jagnę, Ancient Greek amnos, Irish úan/uan, English ēanian/yean, Welsh oen, Umbrian habina, Polish jagnię
|-
| {{termxrecons|kat-|lang=ine-pro}} || [[cub]]|| Latin catulus, Umbrian katel, Russian {{term|котиться|tr=kotít’sja|lang=ru}}, Old Norse haðna, Irish cadla/
|}

===Animal products===
{| class="wikitable" style="border:1px; background-color: #f7f8ff"
|- style="background-color: #e6e9ff"
! style="width: 15em" | Root !! style="width: 15em" | Meaning !! Derivatives
|-
| {{termxrecons|h₂ōwyóm|lang=ine-pro}} || [[egg]]|| Latin ōvum, Ancient Greek ōion, Russian {{term|яйцо|tr=jajcó|lang=ru}}, German ei/Ei, English ǣg/Cockney, Welsh ŵy, Albanian ve;vo, Old Norse egg, [[Crimean Gothic language|Crimean Gothic]] ada, Old Armenian {{term|ձու|tr=ju|lang=xcl}}, Kurdish hêk, Persian /xāyah, Old Church Slavonic ajĭse, Pashto hagëi, Waneci hoya, Ormuri wonkʰ
|-
| {{termxrecons|melit-|lang=ine-pro}} || [[honey]]|| Ancient Greek meli (gen.: melitos), Old Armenian {{term|մեղր|tr=mełr|lang=xcl}}, Albanian mjaltë, Latin mel, Gaulish Melissus, Irish mil/, Gothic miliþ, English mildēaw/mildew, German milltou/Mehltau, Welsh mêl,  Hittite milit, Luwian mallit-, Palaic malit-
|-
| {{termxrecons|medʰu|lang=ine-pro}} || [[mead]]|| Sanskrit madhu, Russian {{term|мёд|tr=mëd|lang=ru}}, Lithuanian medus, Latvian medus, English meodu/mead, Ancient Greek methu, Avestan maðu, Kamviri mura, Kashmiri mäch, Polish miód, Welsh medd, Tocharian mit, German metu/Met, Old Norse mjǫðr, Old Church Slavonic medŭ, Irish mid/, Old Prussian meddo, Latin medus, Ossetian mydy, Luwian maddu-
|-
| {{termxrecons|glag-|lang=ine-pro}} || [[milk]]|| Ancient Greek gala (gen. galaktos), Latin lac, Hittite galank, Kamviri zu
|-
| {{termxrecons|ksweyd-|lang=ine-pro}} || [[milk]]|| Lithuanian sviestas, Latvian sviests, Sanskrit kṣvidyati, Avestan xšvīd, Pashto shode, Waneci shuë
|-
| {{termxrecons|selp-|lang=ine-pro}} || [[butter]]|| Tocharian ṣälyp/ṣalype, Ancient Greek helpos, Hittite salpa-, Albanian gjalpë, Sanskrit sarpis, English sealf/salve, Ossetian carv/, Persian /čarbi, German salba/Salbe, Gothic salbon
|-
| {{termxrecons|suro-|lang=ine-pro}} || [[cheese]]|| Lithuanian sūris, Russian {{term|сыр|tr=syr|lang=ru}}, Old Norse surr, Albanian hirrë;gjize, Polish ser, Latvian siers
|-
| {{termxrecons|smeru-|lang=ine-pro}} || [[grease]]|| Irish smiur/, Ancient Greek smuris, German smero/Schmer, Welsh mer, English smerian/smear, Tocharian /ṣmare, Latin medulla, Lithuanian smarsas, Old Norse smjǫr, Gothic smaírþr
|-
| {{termxrecons|moysos|lang=ine-pro}} || [[hide]]|| Lithuanian maišas, Latvian  maiss, Sanskrit meṣa, Avestan maēša, Old Norse meiss, Russian {{term|мех|tr=mex|lang=ru}}, German meissa/, Old Prussian moasis, Albanian meshinë; mill
|-
| {{termxrecons|wel-|lang=ine-pro}} || [[wool]]|| English wull/wool, German wolla/Wolle, Old Norse ull, Gothic wulla, Sanskrit ūrṇā, Avestan varənā, Ancient Greek lēnos, Latin lāna, Old Church Slavonic vlŭna, Russian {{term|волна|tr=volná|lang=ru}}, Lithuanian vilna, Latvian vilna, Welsh gwlan, Hittite hulana, Old Prussian wilnis, Persian /gurs, Irish olan/, Pashto warrëi
|-
| {{termxrecons|ḱern-|lang=ine-pro}} || [[horn]]|| Russian {{term|серна|tr=sérna|lang=ru}}, Latin cervus; cornūs, English horn/horn, Sanskrit śiras, Avestan srvā, Ancient Greek keras, Welsh corn, Kamviri ṣiṅ, German horn/Horn, Gothic haurn, Old Norse horn, Hittite karawar, Ossetian sykha/, Old Armenian {{term|սար|tr=sar|lang=xcl}}, Lithuanian širšė, Latvian sirsis, Old Prussian sirwis, Albanian sorkadh; ka, Russian {{term|корова|tr=koróva|lang=ru}}, Gaulish karnuks, Irish corn/corn, Persian /šāx, Polish krowa, Pashto škar/khkar
|-
| {{termxrecons|keh₂r-|lang=ine-pro}} || [[wax]]|| Ancient Greek kēros, Lithuanian korys, Latvian kāre, Latin cēra
|-
| {{termxrecons|rewgʰmen-|lang=ine-pro}} || [[cream]]|| Lithuanian rūgti, Latvian raugs, Avestan raoġna, Persian /roġān, Old Norse rjúmi, English rēam/ream, German roum/Rahm
|}

===Vegetable food===
{| class="wikitable" style="border:1px; background-color: #f7f8ff"
|- style="background-color: #e6e9ff"
! style="width: 15em" | Root !! style="width: 15em" | Meaning !! Derivatives
|-
| {{termxrecons|ǵr̥Hnom|lang=ine-pro}} || [[corn]]|| Latin grānum, Irish grán/grán, Russian {{term|зерно|tr=zernó|lang=ru}}, Lithuanian žirnis, Latvian zirnis, German kerno/Korn, Welsh grawn, English corn/corn, Old Prussian syrne, Old Norse korn, Old Church Slavonic zrĭno. Gothic kaúrn
|-
| {{termxrecons|pel-|lang=ine-pro}} || [[flour]]|| Old Prussian pelwo, Latin palea, Sanskrit palāla, Lithuanian pelai, Latvian pelus, Russian {{term|полова|tr=polóva|lang=ru}}
|-
| {{termxrecons|bʰares|lang=ine-pro}} || [[spelt]]|| Phrygian brisa, Latin farina, English bærlic/barley, Old Church Slavonic brašĭno, Oscan far, Umbrian far, Welsh bara, Gothic barizīns, Old Norse barr
|-
| {{termxrecons|puHr-|lang=ine-pro}} || [[wheat]]|| Sanskrit pūra, Ancient Greek puros/, Lithuanian pūras, Latvian pūri, Old Prussian pure, Old Church Slavonic pyre, English fyrs/furze, Russian {{term|пырей|tr=pyréj|lang=ru}}
|-
| {{termxrecons|urugʰya-|lang=ine-pro}} || [[rye]]|| Lithuanian  rugys, Latvian rudzi, Russian {{term|рожь|tr=rož’|lang=ru}}, Old Norse rugr, English ryge/rye, German roggo/Roggen, Old Prussian rugis
|-
| {{termxrecons|h₂elbʰit-|lang=ine-pro}} || [[barley]]|| Albanian elb, Ancient Greek alphi/, Pashto orbëshe, Wakhi arbəsi
|-
| {{termxrecons|gʰersdʰ-|lang=ine-pro}} || [[barley]]|| Latin hordeum, German gersta/Gerste, English gerst/--, Albanian drithë, Ancient Greek kri
|-
| {{termxrecons|yewo-|lang=ine-pro}} || [[barley]]|| Sanskrit yava, Lithuanian javai, Latvian jauja, Avestan yava, Russian {{term|овин|tr=ovín|lang=ru}}, Ancient Greek zeiai/, Persian /jav, Hittite ewa, Irish eorna/, Ossetian jæw
|-
| {{termxrecons|h₂ewiǵ-|lang=ine-pro}} || [[oats]]|| Lithuanian aviža, Latvian auza, Russian {{term|овёс|tr=ovës|lang=ru}}, Latin avēna, Ancient Greek aigilōps/, Old Prussian wyse, Old Church Slavonic ovĭsŭ
|-
| {{termxrecons|bʰabʰeh₂-|lang=ine-pro}} || [[bean]]|| Latin faba, Old Prussian babo, Russian {{term|боб|tr=bob|lang=ru}}, Albanian bathë, German bona/Bohne, English bēan/bean, Welsh ffâen, Old Norse baun
|-
| {{termx|h₁eregwo-|lang=ine-pro}} || [[pea]]|| Ancient Greek orobos, Irish orbaind/, Latin ervum, German arawīz/Erbse, Old Norse ertr
|-
| {{termx|ḱiker|lang=ine-pro}} || [[pea]]|| Latin cicer, Old Armenian {{term|սիսեռն|tr=siseṙn|lang=xcl}}, Ancient Greek krios, Lithuanian kekė
|-
(contracted; show full)
|-
| {{termx|bel-|lang=ine-pro}} || [[power]], [[strength]]|| Sanskrit bāla, Ancient Greek beltiōn, Latin dēbĭlis, Irish adbal/dibeal, Welsh balch, Russian {{term|большой|tr=bol’šój|lang=ru}}, Kamviri bâlim, Phrygian balaios, Old Church Slavonic boljĭjĭ, [[Low Saxon]] pal
|}

[[Category:Proto-Indo-European appendices|nouns]]
[[Category:Terms derived from Proto-Indo-European|*]]
[[Category:Proto-Indo-European nouns|*]]