Difference between revisions 4056089 and 4056101 on mswiki

{{Redirect|Versailles|bandar Versailles|Versailles, Yvelines||Versailles (disambiguation)}}
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{{more footnotes|date=September 2016}}
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{{Infobox historic building
| name         = Istana Versailles
| native_name         = Château de Versailles
| native_name_lang    = fr
(contracted; show full)nde-speech-parliament-france-war-isis.cnn Francois Hollande: 'France is at war'], CNN (November 16, 2015).</ref> The [[List of Presidents of the National Assembly of France|president of the National Assembly]] has an [[Official residence|official apartment]] at the Palace of Versailles.<ref>Georges Bergougnous, ''Presiding Officers of National Parliamentary Assemblies: A World Comparative Study'' ([[Inter-Parliamentary Union]]: Geneva, 1997), p. 39.</ref>

==
Palace and grounds==

===Architecture===
The palace that we recognize today was largely completed by the death of Louis XIV in 1715. The eastern facing palace has a U-shaped layout, with the [[corps de logis]] and symmetrical advancing secondary wings terminating with the Dufour Pavilion on the south and the Gabriel Pavilion to the north, creating an expansive [[cour d'honneur]] known as the Royal Court (Cour Royale). Flanking the Royal Court are two enormous asymmetrical wings that result in a facade of {{convert|402|m|ft}} in length.<ref>{{cite news|title=History of Art|newspaper=Visual Arts Cork|url=http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/history-of-art/versailles-palace.htm|accessdate=August 10, 2016}}</ref> Encompassing {{convert|721182|sqft|m2|0|order=flip}} the palace has 700 rooms, more than 2,000 windows, 1,250 fireplaces and 67 staircases.<ref>{{cite news|title=Palace of Versailles|newspaper=Dimensions Info|url=http://www.dimensionsinfo.com/what-is-the-size-of-versailles-castle/|accessdate=August 10, 2016}}</ref>

The façade of the original lodge is preserved on the entrance front. Built of red brick and cut stone embellishments, the U-shaped layout surrounds a black-and-white marble courtyard. In the center, a 3-storey ''[[avant-corps]]'' fronted with eight red marble columns supporting a gilded wrought-iron balcony is surmounted with a triangle of lead statuary surrounding a large clock, whose hands were stopped upon the death of Louis XIV. The rest of the façade is completed with columns, painted and gilded wrought-iron balconies and dozens of stone tables decorated with consoles holding marble busts of Roman emperors. Atop the mansard slate roof are elaborate dormer windows and gilt lead roof dressings that were added by Hardouin-Mansart in 1679–1681. 
 
Inspired by the architecture of baroque Italian villas, but executed in the French classical style, the garden front and wings were encased in white cut [[ashlar]] stone known as the ''enveloppe'' in 1661-1678. The exterior features an arcaded, [[Rustication (architecture)|rusticated]] ground floor, supporting a main floor with round-headed windows divided by reliefs and pilasters or columns. The attic storey has square windows and pilasters and crowned by a balustrade bearing sculptured trophies and flame pots dissimulating a flat roof.

<gallery mode=packed heights=250>
Plans du rez-de-chaussée et du premier étage du palais de Versailles, Éditeur Gavard, premier étage - Gallica 2011 (detail, color-coded).jpg|Plan of the main floor (c. 1837, with north to the right), showing the [[Hall of Mirrors]] in red, the [[Galerie des Batailles|Hall of Battles]] in green, the [[Royal Chapel of Versailles|Royal Chapel]] in yellow, and the [[Royal Opera of Versailles|Royal Opera]] in blueIstana dan tanah==

===Seni bina===
Istana yang kita kenali hari ini sebahagian besarnya diselesaikan oleh kematian Louis XIV pada tahun 1715. Istana menghadap timur mempunyai susunan berbentuk U, dengan [[corps de logis]] dan sayap menaikkan sayap sekunder simetris dengan Dufour Pavilion di Selatan dan Gabriel Pavilion di utara, mewujudkan [[cour d'honneur]] yang dikenali sebagai Mahkamah Diraja (Cour Royale). Melangkah ke Mahkamah Diraja adalah dua sayap asimetris yang besar yang mengakibatkan fasad panjang {{convert|402|m|ft}}.<ref>{{cite news|title=History of Art|newspaper=Visual Arts Cork|url=http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/history-of-art/versailles-palace.htm|accessdate=August 10, 2016}}</ref> Merangkumi {{convert|721182|sqft|m2|0|order=flip}} istana ini mempunyai 700 bilik, lebih daripada 2,000 tingkap, 1,250 perapian dan 67 tangga.<ref>{{cite news|title=Palace of Versailles|newspaper=Dimensions Info|url=http://www.dimensionsinfo.com/what-is-the-size-of-versailles-castle/|accessdate=August 10, 2016}}</ref>

Muka hadapan bangunan asli diawetkan di depan pintu masuk. Dibina daripada bata merah dan hiasan batu potong, susun atur berbentuk U mengelilingi halaman marmar hitam-putih. Di tengah-tengah, sebuah ''[[avant-corps]]'' 3 tingkat yang diasaskan dengan lapan tiang marmar merah yang menyokong balkoni besi tempa yang diilhami disepanjang dengan segitiga patung patung di sekeliling jam besar, yang tangannya dihentikan Kematian Louis XIV. Selebihnya façade disiapkan dengan tiang-tiang, balet besi tempa yang dilukis dan berlapis emas dan puluhan meja batu dihiasi dengan konsol yang memegang patung-patung marmer maharaja Romawi. Di atas bumbung batu tulis mansard adalah tingkap dormer yang rumit dan bumbung bumbung memimpin gilt yang ditambahkan oleh Hardouin-Mansart pada tahun 1679-1681.
 
Diilhamkan oleh seni bina vila Itali baroque, tetapi dieksekusi dalam gaya klasik Perancis, bahagian hadapan dan sayap taman dibungkus dalam batu pemotong putih yang dikenali sebagai ''enveloppe'' pada tahun 1661-1678. Bahagian luarnya mempunyai aras bawah, lantai dasar [[Rustikasi (senibina)|rustik]], yang menyokong lantai utama dengan tingkap bulat kepala dibahagikan dengan relief dan pilasters atau lajur. Lantai loteng mempunyai tingkap persegi dan pilaster dan dinobatkan oleh sebuah balustrade yang mengandungi piala-piala yang diukir dan periuk api menyusun bumbung rata.

<gallery mode=packed heights=250>
Plans du rez-de-chaussée et du premier étage du palais de Versailles, Éditeur Gavard, premier étage - Gallica 2011 (detail, color-coded).jpg|Pelan lantai utama (sekitar 1837, dengan sebelah utara ke kanan), menunjukkan [[Dewan Cermin]] berwarna merah, [[Galerie des Batailles|Dewan Pertempuran]] dalam hijau,[[Gereja Kecil Diraja Versailles|Gereja Kecil Diraja]] dalam kuning, dan [[Opera Diraja Versailles|Opera Diraja]] dalam biru
</gallery>

===Bahagian dalam===

====Grands appartements (Pangsapuri Negara)====
{{Main|Grand appartement du roi|Grand appartement de la reine}}

(contracted; show full)[[Category:Reportedly haunted locations in France]]
[[Category:Royal residences in France|Versailles]]
[[Category:Seats of national legislatures]]
[[Category:World Heritage Sites in France]]
[[Category:Châteaux in Yvelines]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Yvelines]]
[[Category:Museums in Yvelines]]
[[Category:1684 establishments in France]]