Difference between revisions 4056125 and 4056133 on mswiki

{{Redirect|Versailles|bandar Versailles|Versailles, Yvelines||Versailles (disambiguation)}}
{{pp-pc1|expiry=August 5, 2017}}
{{more footnotes|date=September 2016}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2014}}
{{Infobox historic building
| name         = Istana Versailles
| native_name         = Château de Versailles
| native_name_lang    = fr
(contracted; show full)emaksa mereka untuk membina atau membeli rumah di Versailles sewajarnya sambil mengekalkan bilik istana mereka untuk perubahan pakaian atau tetamu menghiburkan, jarang Tidur di sana. {{Citation needed|date = September 2016}}Bilik-bilik di Versailles sangat berguna untuk para pengapit yang bercita-cita tinggi, kerana mereka membenarkan penduduk istana mudah mengakses raja.{{Citation needed|date=September 2016}}

====Political and ceremonial functions====
{{See also|Treaty of Versailles (disambiguation){{!}}
Treaties of Versailles}}
[[File:Wernerprokla.jpg|thumb|310px|left|''Proclamation of the [[German Empire]], 18 January 1871'', 1877 by [[Anton von Werner]]]]

Two of the three treaties of the [[Peace of Paris (1783)]], in which the [[Kingdom of Great Britain|United Kingdom]] recognized the independence of the [[United States]], were signed at Versailles.

After the French defeat in the [[Franco-Prussian War]], with the [[Siege of Paris (1870-1871)|Siege of Paris]] dragging on, the palace was the main headquarters of the Prussian army from 5 October 1870 until 13 March 1871. On 18 January 1871, Prussian King [[Wilhelm I]] was proclaimed [[List of German monarchs|German Emperor]] in the Hall of Mirrors and the [[German Empire]] was founded.<ref>{{harvnb|Wawro|2003|p=282}}</ref>
[[File:William Orpen - The Signing of Peace in the Hall of Mirrors, Versailles.jpg|thumb|''[[The Signing of Peace in the Hall of Mirrors, Versailles, 28 June 1919]]'' by [[William Orpen]]]]

After the First World War, it was the site of the opening of the [[Paris Peace Conference, 1919|Paris Peace Conference]] in 1919, also on 18 January. Germany was blamed for causing the First World War in the [[Treaty of Versailles]], which was signed in the same room on 28 June 1919.

The palace, however, still serves political functions. Heads of state are regaled in the Hall of Mirrors; the bicameral [[French Parliament]]&mdash;consisting of the [[Senate (France)|Senate]] (''Sénat'') and the [[National Assembly (France)|National Assembly]] (Assemblée nationale)&mdash;meet in joint session (a [[congress of the French Parliament]]) in Versailles<ref name="Safran">William Safran, "France" in ''Politics in Europe'' (M. Donald Hancock et al., CQ Sage: 5th ed. 2012).</ref>  to [[Constitutional amendments under the French Fifth Republic|revise or otherwise amend]] the [[Constitution of France|French Constitution]], a tradition that came into effect with the promulgation of the 1875 Constitution.{{#tag:ref|Article 9: ''Le siège du pouvoir exécutif et des deux chambres est à Versailles.''<ref>[http://www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr/textes/constitution/c1875.htm Constitution of 1875]</ref>}} For example, the Parliament met in joint session at Versailles to pass constitutional amendments in June 1999 (for domestic applicability of [[International Criminal Court]] decisions and for gender equality in candidate lists), in January 2000 (ratifying the [[Treaty of Amsterdam]]), and in March 2003 (specifying the "decentralized organization" of the French Republic).<ref name="Safran"/>

In 2009, President [[Nicolas Sarkozy]] addressed the [[global financial crisis]] before a congress in Versailles, the first time that this had been done since 1848, when [[Charles-Louis Napoleon Bonaparte]] gave an address before the [[French Second Republic]].<ref>Associated Press, [http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/world/2009-06-22-sarkozy-parliment_N.htm Breaking tradition, Sarkozy speaks to parliament] (June 22, 2009).</ref><ref>Jerry M. Rosenberg, "France" in The Concise Encyclopedia of The Great Recession 2007-2012 (Scarecrow Press: 2012), p. 262.</ref><ref>Associated Press, [https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2015/11/16/world/europe/ap-eu-france-paris-attacks-the-latest.html The Latest: US Basketball Player James Not Going to France] (November 16, 2015).</ref> Following the [[November 2015 Paris attacks]], President [[Francois Hollande]] gave a speech before a rare [[joint session]] of parliament at the Palace of Versailles.<ref>Associated Press, [https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2015/11/16/world/europe/ap-eu-france-paris-attacks-the-latest.html The Latest: Brother Linked to Paris Attacks in Disbelief] (November 16, 2015).</ref> This was the third time since 1848 that a French president addressed a joint session of the French Parliament atPerjanjian Versailles}}
[[File:Wernerprokla.jpg|thumb|310px|left|''Pengisythiharan [[Empayar Jerman]], 18 Januari 1871'', 1877 oleh [[Anton von Werner]]]]

Dua daripada tiga perjanjian Peace of Paris (1783), di mana [[Kerajaan Great Britain | United Kingdom]] mengiktiraf kebebasan Amerika [[Amerika Syarikat]], telah ditandatangani di Versailles.

Selepas kekalahan Perancis dalam Perang Perancis-Prusia, dengan [[Pengepungan Paris (1870-1871)|Pengepungan Paris]], istana itu menjadi ibu pejabat utama tentera Prusia dari 5 Oktober 1870 Sehingga 13 Mac 1871. Pada 18 Januari 1871, Raja Prussian [[Wilhelm I]] telah diisytiharkan [[Senarai raja-raja Jerman|Kaisar Jerman]] di Dewan Cermin dan [[Empayar Jerman] diasaskan.<ref>{{harvnb|Wawro|2003|p=282}}</ref>
[[File:William Orpen - The Signing of Peace in the Hall of Mirrors, Versailles.jpg|thumb|''[[Penandatanganan Keamanan di Dewan Cermin, Versailles, 28 Jun 1919]]'' oleh [[William Orpen]]]]

Selepas Perang Dunia Pertama, ia adalah tapak pembukaan Persidangan Keamanan Paris, 1919 | Paris Peace Conference]] pada tahun 1919, juga pada 18 Januari. Jerman dipersalahkan kerana menyebabkan Perang Dunia Pertama dalam Perjanjian [[Treaty of Versailles]], yang ditandatangani di dalam bilik yang sama pada 28 Jun 1919.

Namun istana masih berfungsi sebagai fungsi politik. Kepala negara terbentuk di Dewan Cermin; Parlimen Perancis]] yang terdiri daripada [[Senat (Perancis) | Senat]] dan Majelis Nasional (Perancis) | Majelis Nasional] (Assemblée nationale) & mdash; Bertemu dalam sesi bersama (sebuah [[Kongres Parlimen Perancis]]) di Versailles<ref name="Safran">William Safran, "France" in ''Politics in Europe'' (M. Donald Hancock et al., CQ Sage: 5th ed. 2012).</ref>  untuk [[pindaan Perlembagaan di bawah Republik Kelima Perancis]] atau [[Konstitusi Perancis | Perlembagaan Perancis]], suatu tradisi yang berkuatkuasa dengan pengisytiharan Perlembagaan 1875.{{#tag:ref|Article 9: ''Le siège du pouvoir exécutif et des deux chambres est à Versailles.''<ref>[http://www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr/textes/constitution/c1875.htm Constitution of 1875]</ref>}} Sebagai contoh, Parlimen mengadakan sesi bersama di Versailles untuk meluluskan pindaan perlembagaan pada bulan Jun 1999 (untuk kegunaan domestik keputusan Mahkamah Jenayah Antarabangsa dan kesamaan gender dalam senarai calon), pada Januari 2000 (mengesahkan Perjanjian Amsterdam]]), dan pada bulan Mac 2003 (menyatakan "organisasi yang terdesentralisasi" Republik Perancis).<ref name="Safran"/>

Pada tahun 2009, Presiden [[Nicolas Sarkozy]] mengatasi krisis kewangan global sebelum kongres di Versailles, kali pertama ini telah dilakukan sejak 1848, ketika [[Charles-Louis Napoleon Bonaparte]] memberi alamat sebelum Republik [[Republik Kedua Perancis]].<ref>Associated Press, [http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/world/2009-06-22-sarkozy-parliment_N.htm Melanggar tradisi, Sarkozy bercakap kepada parlimen] (Jun 22, 2009).</ref><ref>Jerry M. Rosenberg, "France" in The Concise Encyclopedia of The Great Recession 2007-2012 (Scarecrow Press: 2012), p. 262.</ref><ref>Associated Press, [https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2015/11/16/world/europe/ap-eu-france-paris-attacks-the-latest.html The Latest: US Basketball Player James Not Going to France] (November 16, 2015).</ref> Berikutan [[serangan November 2015 Paris]], Presiden [[Francois Hollande]] memberi ucapan sebelum parlimen [[sesi bersama]] di Istana Versailles.<ref>Associated Press, [https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2015/11/16/world/europe/ap-eu-france-paris-attacks-the-latest.html The Latest: Brother Linked to Paris Attacks in Disbelief] (November 16, 2015).</ref> Ini adalah kali ketiga sejak tahun 1848 bahawa seorang presiden Perancis mengalamatkan sesi bersama Parlimen Perancis di Versailles.<ref>[http://www.cnn.com/videos/world/2015/11/16/francois-hollande-speech-parliament-france-war-isis.cnn Francois Hollande: 'France is at war'], CNN (November 16, 2015).</ref> The [[List of Presidents of the National Assembly of France|president of the National Assembly]] has an [[Official residence|official apartment]] at the Palace of Versailles.<ref>Georges Bergougnous, ''Presiding Officers of National Parliamentary Assemblies: A World Comparative Study&#(contracted; show full)[[Category:Reportedly haunted locations in France]]
[[Category:Royal residences in France|Versailles]]
[[Category:Seats of national legislatures]]
[[Category:World Heritage Sites in France]]
[[Category:Châteaux in Yvelines]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Yvelines]]
[[Category:Museums in Yvelines]]
[[Category:1684 establishments in France]]