Difference between revisions 8174996 and 8179444 on simplewiki

{{Excessive citations|date=March 2022}}
The '''Safavid dynasty''', (Persian: دودمان صفوی, <small>romanized:</small> ''Dudmâne Safavi''<ref>* {{cite book|title=Tārīkh-i ʻʻālamārā-yi ʻʻAbbāsī|last1=Afšār|first1=ta·līf-i Iskandar Baig Turkmān. Zīr-i naẓar bā tanẓīm-i fihristhā wa muqaddama-i Īraǧ|date=2003|publisher=Mu·assasa-i Intišārāt-i Amīr Kabīr|isbn=978-964-00-0818-8|edition=Čāp-i 3.|location=Tihrān|pages=17, 18, 19, 79|language=fa}}
(contracted; show full) predecessors, the Aq Qoyunlu, were not of Turkic descent. The Safavids, was of Iranian<ref name=":0">Lambton, Ann Katherine Swynford; Lewis, Bernard. (1984). The Cambridge History of Islam. Cambridge University Press. p. 394, "What does seem certain is that the '''Safavids''' were of native '''Iranian''' stock, and spoke Āzarī, the form of Turkish used in Āzarbāyjān."</ref> (possibly Kurdish<ref>Matthee, Rudi
. (2005),. The Pursuit of Pleasure: Drugs and Stimulants in Iranian History, 1500-1900,. Princeton University Press,. p. 18, "The '''Safavids''', as '''Iranians''' of '''Kurdish''' ancestry and of nontribal background (...)"</ref><ref>Savory, Roger. (2008). "EBN BAZZĀZ". Encyclopaeædia Iranica,. Vol. VIII, Fasc. 1. p. 8, "This official version contains textual changes designed to obscure the '''Kurdish''' origins of the '''Safavid''' family and to vindicate their claim to descent from the Imams. (...)"</ref><ref>Amoretti, Biancamaria Scarcia; Matthee, Rudi. (2009),. "Ṣafavid Dynasty",. In Esposito, John L. (ed.) The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World,. Oxford University Press; "Of '''Kurdish''' ancestry, the '''Ṣafavids''' started as a Sunnī mystical order (...)"</ref><ref name=":022">Tapper, Richard. (1997), Frontier nomads of Iran: a political and social history of the Shahsevan, Cambridge University Press, p. 39, "The '''Safavid''' Shahs who ruled Iran between 1501 and 1722 descended from Sheikh Safi ad-Din of Ardabil (1252-1334). Sheikh Safi and his immediate successors were renowned as holy ascetics Sufis. Their own origins were obscure: probably of '''Kurdish''' or '''Iranian''' extraction (...)"</ref><ref>Matthee, Rudi. (2008),. "SAFAVID DYNASTY",. Encyclopaeædia Iranica; "As Persians of '''Kurdish''' ancestry and of a non-tribal background, the '''Safavids''' did not fit this pattern, though the state they set up with the assistance of Turkmen tribal forces of eastern Anatolia closely resembled this division in its makeup."</ref><ref>Amanat, Abbas (2017). Iran: A Modern History. Yale University Press. p. 40, "The '''Safavi''' house originally was among the landowning nobility of '''Kurdish''' origin (...)"</ref><ref>Bowering, Gerhard (2015). Islamic Political Thought: An Introduction. Princeton University Press. {{ISBN|978-1-4008-6642-7}}. p. 13, "The '''Safavids''', of '''Kurdish''' origin and Turkic-speaking, arose from the Sunni Sufi fraternity of the Safawis organized in Azerbaijan by Safı al-Din (d. 1334) (...)"</ref><ref>Bowering, Gerhard; Crone, Patricia; Kadi, Wadad; Mirza, Mahan; Stewart, Devin J.; Zaman, Muhammad Qasim (2013). The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought. Princeton University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-691-13484-0}}. p. xii, "The Turkic-speaking '''Safavids''' of '''Kurdish''' origin arose from a Sunni Sufi fraternity that was organized in Azerbaijan by Safı al-Din (d. 1334) (...)"</ref><ref>Manz, Beatrice Forbes (2021). Nomads in the Middle East. Cambridge University Press. p. 169, "The '''Safavid dynasty''' was of '''Iranian''' – probably '''Kurdish'&#x(contracted; show full)[[Category:History of Azerbaijan]]
[[Category:History of Islam]]
[[Category:Azerbaijani dynasties]]
[[Category:Royal dynasties]]
[[Category:1500s establishments]]
[[Category:18th-century disestablishments in Asia]]
[[Category:16th-century establishments in Asia]]
[[Category:1722 disestablishments]]